...Define leadership. What is the path-goal theory of leadership? Identify the four leadership styles of path-goal theory and explain when they are most appropriately used In this essay leadership and the path-goal theory will be discussed, also 3 articles that examine different parts of leadership will also be reviewed. 2 articles involve experiments, one of which test the path-goal theory in Tawain, and the other studies a contingent view of leadership and the last article looks at transforming leadership for success and sustainability, with H Davenport’s own experience to discuss leadership Leadership can be defined as the procedure of influencing others in order to reach organizations or group goals. Another way of defining leadership “is inspiring others to pursue your vision within parameters you set, to the extent that it becomes a shared effort, a shared vision and shared success” (businessnewsdaily n.d.). There are many different types of leaders and a number of diverse roles in which leaders play. Fielder’s contingency theory, the path-goal theory is one way of improving leadership roles and becoming a more enhanced leader. Path goal theory states “leaders can increase subordinate satisfaction and performance by clarifying and clearing the paths to goals and by increasing the number and kinds of rewards available of goal attainment” (Mc Williams 2010, p. 238). Path-goal theory has four styles of leadership. One style is directive leadership which is used when giving...
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...The Path-Goal Theory provides four different leadership behaviors which leaders can use depending on the situation. In my interview with fraternity president, Lex Wild, I discovered that he used all four leadership behaviors. The fraternity provides a vast array of circumstances as well as situations concerning its members that call for the use of all the leadership behaviors. The most successful leadership behavior which Lex uses is that of directive leadership. Lex felt that his role as president went hand in hand with the directive leadership behavior. Duties such as presiding over meetings, making sure other officers execute their duties or enforcing bylaws require setting goals and having set standards. Lex felt this leadership behavior worked the best because when leading a fraternity you have procedures to follow and schedules to keep. For example getting new members ready for initiation or meeting with the educational leadership counselor (ELC) every semester requires following strict guidelines and preparation. This behavior when compared to others was the only one which really emphasized a “hands on approach” and the most control over issues pertaining to the house. In a fraternity with fifty plus members who have different combinations of locus of control, perceived ability, and direct contact with the president, directive behavior leadership has proved to be the most efficient. This became clearly apparent when Jeremiah, in his second year as president, was faced...
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...Introduction Path-Goal Theory This is one of many types of modern approaches to leadership. It is where leaders try to motivate their followers in order to achieve agreed goals. In order for followers to achieve the set goals, leaders must be able to motivate followers and help build their confidence towards reaching the goals. It is heavily focused on employee satisfaction and their input towards their job which, in turn, will motivate them to achieve more. This is a perfect example to show that leadership does not start from the top then down and in fact, shows cooperation between leaders and followers from bottom then up. In other words, it exists in all management levels. Path-goal theory initially occurred in the 1970’s; inspired by the work of Martin G Evans (1970), Robert House (1971), House of Dessler (1974), and House and Mitchell (1974). (Northhouse,2013). The use of path-goal theory means that any obstacle in the way of achieving a set goal will be removed by the leaders which makes it more satisfying and motivates the subordinates. The path towards the goal will be attempted to be made clear and support also being provided which is in favour of the followers, therefore leading to satisfaction and increase in morale. There are various types of leader behaviours where each and every type has an impact on the follower’s motivation. Directive leadership is one of them and this is where leaders are instructive towards their followers about their duties, what is...
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...gement Review 1979, Vol. 4, No. 2,215-224. Task Design Determinants of Effective Leader Behavior^ RiCKYW. GRIFFIN University of Missouri—Columbia The theoretical and empirical research literature on task design and path-goal theory of leadership is reviewed. It is suggested that task design and individual variables interact to form a construct called individual-task congruence. A model is then developed which depicts leader behavior as a moderating variable between individuai-task congruence and satisfaction and performance. There is an increasing body of theoretical and empirical behavioral science literature dealing with the design of work in formal organizations. Much of this literature is concerned with the diagnosis and description of existing jobs and/or the implementation of task design change programs for the purpose of improving organizational effectiveness. The rationale seems to be that if the needs and capabilities of an individual are matched with the expectations and requirements of a task, higher 9/els of satisfaction, motivation, and productivity .vill result (6). Most published research on task design, however, has not taken other organizational variables into consideration. The general model for contemporary task design research has investigated the moderating effect of certain variables on the relationship between task design and outcome variables such as satisfaction, performance, and commitment (2, 7, 8, 19, 22, 25, 26, 28, 29, 33). A few empirical studies...
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...Leaders will have different leadership styles to manage and lead their employees which are identified by the path–goal theory of leadership. This is why the attitude and the behavior of a leader will influence his/her subordinates on achieving their goals and objectives. Leadership is mostly defined as a process of leading or influencing a group of people or an organization to achieve their goals. According to Yukl, ‘it is obvious that a person can be a leader without becoming a manager, and a person can be a manager without leading’. In my opinion, a leader has long-term of view which inspires and motivates his/her subordinates and work together to achieve their vision, mission, goals and objectives. And, a manager is a problem solver of the status quo which focuses on productivity and efficiency. Hence, they are different from each other. Path-goal theory is related to leadership. It is a specific theory which is based on leadership styles or behaviour. Path-goal theory states on how leaders achieve high level of performance, influence own and their employees satisfaction and performance to achieve the performance and organisation’s goal. This is by clearing and clarifying the path, increasing the number of rewards that is available for them. Additionally, a leader can also change and regulate his/her leadership style of behaviour to the employees and task behaviours so that they will have the motivation to achieve the goals. In other hand, the path goal theory identifies four...
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... tri bu Path–Goal Theory te 6 rd DESCRIPTION po st ,o Path–goal theory is about how leaders motivate followers to accomplish designated goals. Drawing heavily from research on what motivates followers, path–goal theory first appeared in the leadership literature in the early 1970s in the works of Evans (1970), House (1971), House and Dessler (1974), and House and Mitchell (1974). The stated goal of this leadership theory is to enhance follower performance and follower satisfaction by focusing on follower motivation. D o no tc op y, In contrast to the situational approach, which suggests that a leader must adapt to the development level of followers (see Chapter 5), path–goal theory emphasizes the relationship between the leader’s style and the characteristics of the followers and the organizational setting. For the leader, the imperative is to use a leadership style that best meets followers’ motivational needs. This is done by choosing behaviors that complement or supplement what is missing in the work setting. Leaders try to enhance followers’ goal attainment by providing information or rewards in the work environment (Indvik, 1986); leaders provide followers with the elements they think followers need to reach their goals. According to House and Mitchell (1974), leadership generates motivation when it increases the number and kinds of payoffs that followers receive from their work. Leadership also motivates...
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...LEADERSHIP Path-Goal Theory LEADERSHIP Path-Goal Theory 2 Overview Path-Goal Theory Perspective Path-Goal Theory Conditions of Leadership Motivation Leader Behaviors & Subordinate Characteristics Task Characteristics How Does the PGT Approach Work? Northouse - Leadership Theory and Practice, Sixth Edition © 2012 SAGE Publications, Inc. LEADERSHIP Path-Goal Theory 3 LEADERSHIP Path-Goal Theory 4 Path-Goal Theory (House, 1971) Description Path-Goal Theory (House, 1971) Description Definition Perspective Path-goal theory centers on how leaders Goal - To enhance employee performance and motivate subordinates to accomplish designated goals satisfaction by focusing on employee motivation Motivational Principles (based on Expectancy Theory) - Subordinates will be motivated if they believe: Emphasizes the relationship between they are capable of performing their work the leader’s style that their efforts will result in a certain outcome the characteristics of the subordinates that the payoffs for doing their work are worthwhile the work setting Northouse - Leadership Theory and Practice, Sixth Edition © 2012 SAGE Publications, Inc. LEADERSHIP Path-Goal Theory Challenge to Leader Use a Leadership Style that best meets subordinates’ motivational needs Choose behaviors that complement or supplement what is missing in the work setting Enhance goal attainment...
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...Leadership Theories – EMBA7005 – Peggy MacIsaac Leadership Theories Peggy MacIsaac University of Fredericton September 2013 1 Leadership Theories – EMBA7005 – Peggy MacIsaac Introduction Contingency Approaches to leadership theories have led to the development of two very important and effective leadership theories. The Hersey-Blanchard Situational Leadership Theory and the Path-Goal Leadership theory have been instrumental in guiding leaders as they learn to embrace how situational factors affect their selection of leadership style. The following will explore these two theories, look at their similarities and differences and the effectiveness of utilizing these approaches. Leadership Theories - Situational Leadership Theory: Situational Leadership Theory (short form for the Hersey-Blanchard Situational Leadership Theory) was created by management experts Dr. Paul Hersey, and Ken Blanchard. It became popular in the 1970’s/early 1980’s. This theory draws views mainly from contingency focused thinking. As the title implies, this theory focuses on the idea that leadership style is dependent on each unique situation and that there is no one perfect or optimum leadership style. The most important component of the situation is the characteristics of the follower and this is what determines the most effective leadership style. Situational Leadership Theory suggests that the style of leadership used in a situation revolves around the leader’s ability to accurately diagnose...
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...Management and Organization Behavior Subject Code: BMO1102 Assessment Number: Assessment 2A Question: Define leadership. What is the path-goal theory of leadership? Identify the four leadership styles of path-goal theory and explain when they are most appropriately used. TEMPLATE FOR SUMMARISING AND EVALUATING ARTICLES FROM SCHOLARLY JOURNALS ARTICLE 1 Title and Article Reference | Dixon, M. L., Hart, L. K., Spring 2010, ‘The Impact of Path-Goal Leadership Styles on Work Group Effectiveness and Turnover Intention’, JOURNAL OF MANAGERIAL ISSUES, Vol. XXII, Number 1, pp. 52-69. | Aim / Purpose of article | To investigate the interrelationships amongst three types of Path-Goal leadership styles, diversity, work group effectiveness and work group members’ turnover intentions. | Sample, location, method of data collection and analysis | Sample260 full-time south-eastern U.S. multinational manufacturing firms’ employees completed the surveys anonymously at work. Sample data was then, collected in a week’s time. The survey consisted of four sections with a total of 48 questions. Four methods of measurement was implemented; Perceived Dissimilarity Scale (Hobman et al., 2004), Perceived Leadership Behavior Scale (House and Dessler, 1974), The Perceived Work Group Effectiveness Scale, and The Turnover Intention Scale (Camman et al., 1983). AnalysisDescriptive statistics, factor analyses, and multiple regression analyses were applied, and adopted scales for consistency...
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...The Path-Goal theory of leadership attempts to explain the relationship between leader behaviors and subordinate performance and satisfaction. In real meaning, the path–goal theory of leadership “is about how leaders motivate subordinates to accomplish designated goals” (Northouse, 2010).Since leadership is about growing group performance through motivation, the leader must be more worried with job satisfaction and the creation of a comprehensible picture of how subordinates can gain rewards based on performance. The leader must distinguish the results on which he/she own positive power, increase personal payoffs to employees on behalf of objective achievement, give direction and coaching, clarify subordinates’ expectancies, and increase opportunities for personal satisfactions dependent on work performances (Rowe and Guerrero, 2010, 205-210). Path-goal theory indentifies four style of leadership known as Directive leadership, Supportive Leadership, Participative Leadership and Achievement-Oriented Leadership (Griffin, 2010, 559- 564). Directive Leadership: Directive behaviour is basically the same as initiating structure. It should not be applied when the formal authority relationships are clear and structured. When the task is not easy as well as unstructured, then it’s the best condition for the directive leadership style. This style increases subordinate morale when there is task ambiguity (Dubrin, 2007) and is similar to the task-oriented or initiating structure style...
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...Introduction Leadership is a dynamic relationship based on mutual influence and common purpose between leaders and collaborators in which both are moved to higher levels of motivation and moral development as they affect real, intended change. Three important parts of this definition are the terms relationship, mutual, and collaborators. Relationship is the connection between people. Mutual means shared in common. Collaborators cooperate or work together. This definition of leadership says that the leader is influenced by the collaborators while they work together to achieve an important goal. This paper however, focused on a specific theory of leadership and its importance for the organization’s success. The Path-Goal Theory of Leadership The path-goal theory postulates that the most successful leaders are those who increase subordinate motivation by charting out and clarifying the paths to high performance. According to Robert House’s path-goal theory, effective leaders: Motivate their followers to achieve group and organizational goals Make sure that they have control over outcomes their subordinates desire Reward subordinates for performing at a high level or achieving their goals by giving them desired outcomes Raise their subordinates’ beliefs about their ability to achieve their work goals and perform at a high level Take into account their subordinates’ characteristics and the type of work they do Directive...
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...Path-Goal Theory of Leadership Introduction The path-goal theory developed by House(1971) and developed over the next several years(e.g. House, 1999), Since that’s time there are a lot of studies created to test of the theory, argues that leaders can adjust their own behaviors to adapt to contingencies and in this way find the most suitable style for any particular situation. The theory states that the main goal of the leader is to help subordinates attain the subordinates' goals effectively, and to provide them with the necessary direction and support to achieve their own goals as well as those of the organization. In particular leader: Leaders can take a strong or limited approach in these. In clarifying the path, they may be directive or give vague hints. In removing roadblocks, they may scour the path or help the follower move the bigger blocks. In increasing rewards, they may give occasional encouragement. This variation in approach will depend on the situation, including the follower's capability and motivation, as well as the difficulty of the job and other contextual factors. The theory proposes four different kinds of leadership styles. They are directive or instrumental, supportive, participative and achievement-oriented leadership styles. An effective leader is one who knows which style to use and when to use it. House and Mitchell (1974) defined four kinds of behavior in more specific terms: Directive leader behavior is behavior directed toward providing psychological...
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...characteristics which allow them to rise to the occasion during difficult periods in history to overcome obstacles” (Great man theory of leadership). In other words, each person’s attributes are what make each person successful as opposed to external forces. House Path Goal Theory The House Path Goal Theory was developed by Robert J. House and has four different leadership behaviors. “Each leadership behavior aims to maximize worker outcomes by recognizing the impact of both environmental factors and worker characteristics in job performance” (The Path-Goal). The four leadership behaviors are achievement-oriented behavior, directive path-goal clarifying behavior, supportive leader behavior, and participative leader behavior. Achievement-oriented behavior is based on “setting goals that challenge employees” (The Path-Goal). Directive path-goal clarifying behavior is defining functions and expectations of employees so that there is not any confusion. Supportive leader behavior is “support[ing] a subordinate’s psychological well being” through “stress reduction and frustration mitigation” (The Path-Goal). Lastly, participative leader behavior is enabling subordinates to make decisions in hopes that being part of the decision-making process will lead employees to be more productive. Trait Theory of Leadership The Trait Theory of Leadership, developed by R.M. Stogdill, has identified traits that are common of successful leaders. “These traits are not responsible...
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...Leadership Theories and HCAHPS Score Leadership Theories and HCAHPS Scores Which leadership theory is the best to implement the much needed goal of increasing HCAHPS scores? This paper seeks to identify two different leadership theories to see which is better in leading the nursing duties and tasks to improve quality of care for the patients which in turns result in higher HCAHPS scores. This paper will also seek to discuss strengths and weaknesses of the two different leadership styles so to have a better understanding of how each works and see which one would be better suited to help increase HCAHPS scores. First we need to know what HCAHPS are and why they are so important to the healthcare industry. HCAHPS (Hospital Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems) has been around since 2005 and is going to effect payment from CMS for the hospitals. This payment affects the reimbursement of patients discharged from October 1, 2012 and forward. By holding health care providers accountable for both the cost and quality of care will hopefully reduce poor care and reward high performing providers. This survey that the patients participate in gives a report card on how a hospital is doing per the patient’s perspective. It also is an incentive program for the hospitals to improve their quality of care. (HCAHPS, 2013) There were three goals that shaped HCAHPS survey. First, it was designed to compare date on patients’ perception...
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...Leadership styles Leadership styles The person I most admire in business is my mentor, Mrs. X. I believe her leadership style is path-goal theory as she is the biggest advocate for providing all necessary tools and information to all members of the team or group in order to be successful and productive. Mrs. X has been my supervisor in one form or another for about 14 years. During this time, I have learned to appreciate her path-goal theory leadership style and have tried to emulate this style for my own leadership style. “Path-goal theory states that it is the leader’s job to assist followers in attaining their goals and to provide the necessary direction and/or support to ensure that their goals are compatible with the overall objectives of the group or organization” (Robbins & Judge, 2012). Mrs. X holds her employees accountable for all assigned tasks. Before assigning tasks to teams or individuals, she will ensure that all necessary information is available and provides tools for a successful outcome. Mrs. X schedules meetings with all involved people to discuss the current stage of the project or assignment. In addition, she ensures that there are no stumbling blocks for the team or individual and fields all questions. She uses brainstorming as a way to ensure everyone is involved and participates equally in the project. When she is unable to answer a question or provide the necessary tools for the project, Mrs. X will go up the chain to obtain the information...
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