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Pathophysiology of Typhoid Fever

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Submitted By aoleite
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CLINICAL MANIFESTATION (Onset): * Headache * Chilly sensation * Aching all over the body * Nausea, vomiting & diarrhea * Fever is higher in the morning than it was in the afternoon * Breathing is accelerated * Furred tongue * Skin is dry & hot * Abdomen is distended & tender * Rose spots appear on the abdominal wall on 7th & 9th day * On the second week symptoms become more aggravated

CLINICAL MANIFESTATION (Onset): * Headache * Chilly sensation * Aching all over the body * Nausea, vomiting & diarrhea * Fever is higher in the morning than it was in the afternoon * Breathing is accelerated * Furred tongue * Skin is dry & hot * Abdomen is distended & tender * Rose spots appear on the abdominal wall on 7th & 9th day * On the second week symptoms become more aggravated

Patient’s manifestations
Patient’s manifestations

Signs & Symptoms
Signs & Symptoms

Process
Process

LEGEND
LEGEND
Typhoid Fever

Typhoid Fever

Macrophages & intestinal epithelial cells attract T cells & Neutrophils w/ interleukin 8 causing inflammation of the intestinal wall
Macrophages & intestinal epithelial cells attract T cells & Neutrophils w/ interleukin 8 causing inflammation of the intestinal wall
Toxins are injected into the intestinal cells

Toxins are injected into the intestinal cells

Peyer’s patches

Peyer’s patches

Bacteria enter the stomach
Bacteria enter the stomach
Ingestion of foods or fluids contaminated with Salmonella typhi bacteria
Ingestion of foods or fluids contaminated with Salmonella typhi bacteria
Bacteria is within the macrophages and survives

Bacteria is within the macrophages and survives

The bacteria induced macrophage apoptosis, breaking out into the bloodstream & cause systemic infection

The bacteria induced macrophage apoptosis, breaking out into the bloodstream & cause systemic infection

COMPLICATIONS: * Hemorrhage or perforation * Peritonitis * Bronchitis & pneumonia * Meteorism or excessive distention of the bowels (Tympanites) * Thrombosis & embolism * Early heart failure * “Typhoid spine” or neuritis * Septicemia * Reiter’s syndrome

COMPLICATIONS: * Hemorrhage or perforation * Peritonitis * Bronchitis & pneumonia * Meteorism or excessive distention of the bowels (Tympanites) * Thrombosis & embolism * Early heart failure * “Typhoid spine” or neuritis * Septicemia * Reiter’s syndrome

CLINICAL MANIFESTATION (Typhoid state): * Intense symptoms decline in severity * Tongue protrudes, become dry & brown * Teeh & lips accumulate a dirty-brown collection of dried mucus and bacteria known as sordes * Coma vigil * Subsultus tendinum * Carphologia * Constant tendency for the patient to slip to the foot part of the bed * delirium

CLINICAL MANIFESTATION (Typhoid state): * Intense symptoms decline in severity * Tongue protrudes, become dry & brown * Teeh & lips accumulate a dirty-brown collection of dried mucus and bacteria known as sordes * Coma vigil * Subsultus tendinum * Carphologia * Constant tendency for the patient to slip to the foot part of the bed * delirium

NON-MODIFIABLE FACTORS: * Geographical data * Pacific (Philippines) & Asia
NON-MODIFIABLE FACTORS: * Geographical data * Pacific (Philippines) & Asia
MODIFIABLE FACTORS: * Drink water contaminated by sewage that contains S.typhi * Fecal Oral route contamination of water/food. * Eating foods from outside source (carinderia)
MODIFIABLE FACTORS: * Drink water contaminated by sewage that contains S.typhi * Fecal Oral route contamination of water/food. * Eating foods from outside source (carinderia)

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