...Dependent Personality Disorder in Women Kimberly L. Johnson Abstract This paper will examine the DSM disorder of Dependent Personality Disorder in Women. The focus of this paper will be to highlight the differentiation, diagnosis and treatment of this specific pathological personality disorder. According to the DSM, Dependent Personality Disorder (DPD) is characterized by a pervasive and excessive need to be cared for by others that usually lead to clingy and fears of separation. In professional counseling it is critical that clinicians understand the root causes of DPD and how this disorder can manifest in women. This disorder can be found in both men and women, but research seems to suggest that women are more likely to suffer from this disorder. Therefore, understanding the pathology of DPD and its diagnosis and treatment will be critical to professionals working with women. This paper will also discuss how clinicians should be cautious when making diagnosis in women who present with DPD and knowing what gender and culture factors that exists. Dependent Personality Disorder in Women Clinical Definition of Dependent Personality Disorder According to the DSM-IV-TR (2000), Dependent Personality Disorder (DPD) is characterized by a pervasive and excessive need to be cared for by another person that usually lead to clingy and fears of separation. DPD as outlined in the DSM-IV-TR is considered the formal diagnosis of DPD needed for insurance, research, and communication...
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...Situational/Stress Theory Family Violence There has recently been an increased awareness that crimes of violence are not only perpetrated by strangers in public places rather instead research has uncovered a large amount of violent criminal behavior that occurs between intimates in private locations, such as the home (The Canadian Encyclopedia). These crimes have been underreported because of concerns about privacy, because of fear of retribution or because of concerns about maintaining the integrity of family relations. Family Violence is seen in many forms. “It is the baby who is battered, the child who is sexually assaulted, the woman who is punched and kicked by her husband, the elderly man who is attacked and exploited by his children (Ward, 2006).” One of the most common forms of family violence in Canada today appears to be Intimate partner violence. Overall, 7% of Canadians 15 years of age and older either in a current or previous marital or common-law union in 2004 experienced spousal violence in the past 5 years (Statistics Canada, 2004). This victimization of women is compounded by difficulties that they face in getting out of these abusive relationships. Women are often constrained by lack of employment, the responsibility for children and the fear of social disapproval from family and friends for not being able to make the best of a troubled marriage. Long term negative health consequences of such violence include physical...
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...run just as deep and take longer to heal than the black eyes, bruises or broken bones of physical abuse. It is harder to identify for the victim, the abuser and the environment. The thesis of my presentation is how to understand and recognize emotional abuse on women. Today I will be talking on what emotional abuse is, physical and psychological effects of emotional abuse and the pattern of emotional abuse. What is emotional abuse? Like other forms of violence in relationships, emotional abuse is based on power and control. Most people think emotional abuse is criticizing each other but it is much more than verbal abuse. One could define Emotional abuse as any nonphysical behavior or attitude that is designed to control, intimidate, overpower, demean, punish, or isolate another person through the use of degradation, humiliation, or fear. Emotionally abusive behavior ranges from verbal abuse to more subtle methods like intimidation, manipulation and refusal to be pleased. Emotional abuse accompanies other forms of abuse, but also may occur on its own. When a woman endures such behavior for a prolonged period of time, she becomes a shadow of her former self. Emotional abuse is so gradual, that the woman involved may not even realize that she is a victim of abuse. She believes it is a normal part of a relationship. Emotional abuse can severely damage a person’s sense of self-worth and perception of life and that...
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...difficulties in regulating anger and other strong emotions, or when they feel inferior to the other partner in education and socioeconomic background. Some men with very traditional beliefs may think they have the right to control women, and that women aren’t equal to men. This domination then takes the form of emotional, physical or sexual abuse. Studies suggest that violent behavior often is caused by an interaction of situational and individual factors. That means that abusers learn violent behavior from their family, people in their community and other cultural influences as they grow up. They may have seen violence often or they may have been victims themselves. Children who witness or are the victims of violence may learn to believe that violence is a reasonable way to resolve conflict between people. Boys who learn that women are not to be valued or respected and who see violence directed against women are more likely to abuse women when they grow up. Girls who witness domestic violence in their families of origin are more likely to be victimized by their own husbands. Alcohol and other chemical substances may contribute to violent behavior. A drunk or high person will be less likely to control his or her violent impulses. The Basics of Domestic Violence To establish a foundation for understanding child protection in families experiencing domestic violence, this chapter provides an overview of the definition, scope, and causes of domestic violence, along with the evolving...
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...supervisors, colleagues, and client interactions is a form of stress commonly found at work (Kuhns, 2008). Recently, increasing interest has sparked research towards abusive supervision and its negative consequences. Empirical research has found that abusive supervision leads to increased turnover, less favorable attitudes, increased conflict between relationships, and lower in-role and extra-role behaviors (Tepper, 2000). Abusive supervision is a “subordinate’s perception of the extent to which their supervisors engage in the sustained display of hostile verbal and nonverbal behaviors, excluding physical contact” (Tepper, 2000, p. 178). It is considered a form of counterproductive workplace behavior which is opposite to the organization’s interests (Hoobler & Brass, 2006). Abusive supervision is perceptual in nature and based on an individual’s subjective assessment (Tepper, 2001). That is, some individuals may view their supervisor’s behavior as abusive in one situation and non abusive in another. Furthermore, two subordinates may differ in their assessment of a common supervisor’s actions. When confronted with abusive supervisory behaviors, subordinates may be unwilling to admit that they have experienced abusive supervision by their supervisors, while others may exaggerate their supervisor’s hostility. Abusive supervision has a downward influence effect (Tepper, Duffy, & Shaw, 2001). A supervisor’s negative actions tend to “flow downhill” (Hoobler & Brass, 2006, p....
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...Case study of Jane Michelle M. Smith Rasmussen College Author Note This paper is being submitted on October 12, 2013, for Carol Knight‘s G148 General Psychology. Case study of Jane Jane grew up in a home with an abusive father. Jane tried everything in her power to make her father happy. She tried very hard to do everything just right. As a result of never being good enough Jane developed very low self-esteem and grew to believe that love meant abuse and fear. When he was no longer able to control her with physical abuse he began controlling her with money. He started buying her everything she wanted. In adulthood she continues this pattern with her father until she marries a man that she is finally able to manipulate into buying her new clothes as an apology for hitting her after her challenging him. Then as another form of manipulation she agrees to become pregnant with his baby. The pattern of abuse on both parties (Jane and her husbands) is going to continue until they get the help they need. Sadly enough this pattern will be passed onto their child as he or she grows. In order for there to be turn change both Jane and her husband need to receive proper treatment. Jane has learned to manipulate the men in her life out of a need for love and feeling needed. The men in her life also need assistance to know you cannot control woman either by abuse or by giving them everything they need/want financially. The saying you can’t buy love is true. I believe...
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...affects all social and economic classes, and victims include women, men, children, disabled persons, gays, or lesbians. When most people think about domestic violence, they usually associate the term with husband and wife or boyfriend and girlfriend. Domestic violence can happen between other family members as well (Lien, Office on Child Abuse, and Neglect, & Children’s Bureau, 2003). The concentration of this paper will be on women of family/domestic violence. Definitions According to the Social Work Dictionary, domestic violence is the abuse of children, older people, spouses, and others in the home, usually by other members of the family or other residents (Barker, 2003). Another definition of domestic violence is a pattern of coercive and assaultive behaviors that include physical, sexual, verbal, and psychological attacks and economic coercion, and isolation and...
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...lifetime? * One in every four women will experience domestic violence in her lifetime 2. Be prepared to identify common myths about family violence (see chap. 1 in the text) Family violence is uncommon - Many statistics on family violence are underestimates less reported than other violence WHY? Some victims may not perceive it as abuse Much media reporting on family violence is on sensational cases Studies have shown that lower-class families experience more violence HOWEVER: Poor people may be more likely than those who are better off to turn to police or social service agencies WHY? How might these impact estimates of FV by social class? It does not mean that ONLY poor families are violent or that ALL/MOST poor families are Are Abused children usually abusive as adults? * No * On average, abused children are more likely to be abusers as adults * But majority of abused children DO NOT grow up to be abusive adults * Childhood history is neither a necessary nor sufficient cause of family violence Alcohol is involved in 1 in 4 cases of wife beating * Binge drinkers three times more likely to hit wives * HOWEVER: * Majority of men who drink do not hit their wives * As many numbers of men who are sober abuse wives as those who drink/use drugs Some women “ask for it This is a form of ‘VICTIM BLAMING’ * ‘If she didn’t like it, why wouldn’t she just leave?’ * ‘She nags too much; She drinks too much;...
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...age 18 in the United States was a victim of some form of maltreatment or abuse. Child abuse falls into six categories, some that are more self-evident such as physical abuse that leaves marks on the outside of the body and others, such as emotional, which leaves no mark save the one on the child’s heart and mind. The various forms of maltreatment for 2005 fall into the following categories: Neglect 62.8% Physical Abuse 16.6% Sexual Abuse 9.3% Emotional/psychological 7.1% Medical Neglect 2.0% Other 14.3% The listed percentages equal over 100% as children are not always the victim of just one category; regrettably, children may be the victim of both physical and emotional abuse. Studies into the cycle of abuse has shown that a person abused as a child becoming abusive as an adult, reveals “about one-third of people who are abused in childhood will become abusers themselves” ((NYTimes, 1989, pg. 1). Research has also revealed that abused children are more likely to have issues as an adult with depression and alcoholism, along with sexual maladjustment, and mental illness of multiple personality (NYTimes, 1989). The cycle of abuse needs to stop for the child, the parent, and society’s future. The children of today are the future of tomorrow and need to be able to grow both emotionally and...
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...Dysfunctional Family A dysfunctional family is a group of people usually related by some means, not always necessarily by blood, in which conflict, misbehavior, maltreatment and neglecting create a hostile life for its members. To explain this idea better we will see the definition of family, the differences between a healthy and a dysfunctional family; their characteristics and behavioral patterns. Some examples will help us examine this issue better, taking us to discuss the different factors that contribute to the formation of such families, along with its consequences in today’s society. According to the Dictionary of Contemporary English, a family is a group of people affiliated by consanguinity, formed by a father, a mother and children (1). On the other hand, its etymology recognizes the Roman Empire to be the first one to define a Family. Ironically, the Romans defined it as a group of people linked, not necessarily by blood or affection (2). Instead the main link that united the ancient Roman families was labor. According to E. J. Graff in her context “What makes a Family?” She describes that the ancient families in Europe were primarily created at will, with the only purpose to improve work productivity and patriarchs would adopt grown ups into their families for a better investment. “Choice not Biology made a Family”(3) These families would consist of legitimate children, adopted adults, secretaries, other dependents and slaves of various ages. “The Romans rarely...
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...Dysfunctional Family A dysfunctional family is a group of people usually related by some means, not always necessarily by blood, in which conflict, misbehavior, maltreatment and neglecting create a hostile life for its members. To explain this idea better we will see the definition of family, the differences between a healthy and a dysfunctional family; their characteristics and behavioral patterns. Some examples will help us examine this issue better, taking us to discuss the different factors that contribute to the formation of such families, along with its consequences in today’s society. According to the Dictionary of Contemporary English, a family is a group of people affiliated by consanguinity, formed by a father, a mother and children (1). On the other hand, its etymology recognizes the Roman Empire to be the first one to define a Family. Ironically, the Romans defined it as a group of people linked, not necessarily by blood or affection (2). Instead the main link that united the ancient Roman families was labor. According to E. J. Graff in her context “What makes a Family?” She describes that the ancient families in Europe were primarily created at will, with the only purpose to improve work productivity and patriarchs would adopt grown ups into their families for a better investment. “Choice not Biology made a Family”(3) These families would consist of legitimate children, adopted adults, secretaries, other dependents and slaves of various ages. “The Romans rarely...
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...appointed assistant principal and so it is now his job to distribute punishments. He tries to get on his level. In doing so Phillip begins to open up and he reveals that his father is abusive and negligent. He tells Neal that whenever his father gets extremely drunk and abusive, he takes his brother and they go and hide out .Neal then reflects back on when he was a child and was also the victim of abuse. His safe haven however was his bunk bed. He does not disclose any of the information to Phillip he just tells him that he is not suspended but he doesn't want to see him back in his office again for any misconduct. Following this discussion Neal decides to make a visit to Phillip's home. He initially tells the father he is there so he can fill out some forms regarding the school lunch program. He then brings up what Phillip had shared with him a few days prior and tells him if he hears of anything like that again not only will he report him to Protective Services, he'll also contact the sheriff. Phillip's father immediately tells him to leave. Beyond that point there was really nothing Neal could do and the book transitions into Neal's childhood struggles. His mother was a military brat and his father, a football star. His father was a victim of abuse when he was a child and the pattern continued. He described a particularly bad beating...
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...in Substance Abusing Families,” September 28, 1998, sponsored by the Center for Advanced Studies in Child Welfare, University of Minnesota School of Social Work, Minneapolis, MN. Researchers are just beginning to demonstrate empirically what child protective services workers have been observing for nearly two decades now: many, if not most, families who come to the attention of the child welfare system are involved with drugs or alcohol or both. Founded cases of child abuse and neglect have risen exponentially since the mid-1980s, when the crack form of cocaine, a cheap, easily used form of the drug, became widely available. Studies conducted since that time have identified substance abuse as a contributing factor in 40% to 80% of substantiated cases of child maltreatment (Curtis & McCullough, 1993; Magura & Laudet, 1996; Murphy, Jellinek, Quinn, Smith, Poitrast, & Goshko, 1991). Further, studies of substance abusing parents have found child-rearing beliefs and attitudes that heighten risk for child abuse (Williams-Peterson et al., 1994), as well as elevated rates of first-time reports to child protective services (Jaudes & Ekwo, 1995), re-reports (Wolock & Magura, 1996), and out-of-home placements of maltreated children (Nair et al., 1997). Substance abuse contributes to maladaptive parenting in three ways. First, there is the direct effect of the substance(s) used on parents’ behavior. As will be explored in this paper, different types of controlled and illicit drugs have...
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...Systems and Technology Professor Derrick Huang Assignment: You are a business manager with an IT or IS proposal to resolve a business issue that you encountered. How do you convince your boss(es) to approve this project? You write a business case, of course! A business case, simply put, is a proposal for a project that aims at an internal function area of a company. To do so, you need to define the project, analyze its scale and scope, identify its business impact, and present the financial analysis. The final project is a “real” business case of an IT solution to a business issue. Each student will pick a company and a particular IT project, and write a business case on it. (You may be allowed to team up with one other student for the project, but such team work has to be approved as a special case in advance based on its pedagogical merit over individual work.) The company of your choice has to be a real one; the proposed IT project has to be realistic, and the combination has to be futuristic. In order to do this business case project, you should follow the steps: (1) Come up with a company setting and the issue or project you want to study. You have complete freedom in choosing the company that you want to set your business case in and the project that you want to work on, with only the following restrictions: • The company has to be a real one, and you have to name it. An anonymous company is not acceptable. (I will agree to non-disclosure terms if you do not want the...
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...organization and getting paid for the services they offer. It can be extremely competitive, and with individuals highly charged and highly emotional, it can be a place of conflict between colleagues. It can be a place of clashing cultures and belief systems where discrimination can happen. Worse, it can be a place where harassment happens due to clash of cultures, competition and personality conflicts where authority and position can be abused to further personal interests. This discussion is going to center on one of these issues, providing a sample case. It will also present motivational and leadership theories that can be utilized to handle said issue. The Case: Workplace Bullying The workplace I am familiar with is a retail store. I have had experience in such a setting as working as a clerk and cashier in certain retail stores in my community has helped me to get started in life, providing me opportunities to learn at work and then study to move myself further in the qualifications and...
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