...concluded the world actually reached Peak Oil in 2008, and global oil production will now begin to decline. Investment alone cannot fix the problem as the decline rates of existing fields are accelerating (Romm, 2010).The first alternative to the oil as a source of energy is the Hydropower. Hydropower is America’s leading renewable energy resource. Of all the renewable power sources, it is the most reliable, efficient and economical. TVA maintains 29 conventional hydroelectric dams throughout the Tennessee River system and one pumped-storage facility for the production of electricity (TVA.gov). Numerous institutional barriers exist, the main one being, in many countries, the difficulty in getting the concession to use and divert water from the river (and the renewal of the concession after the concession Period). Difficulties in gaining affordable connections to the grid are also common, as are very long procedures in order to get all permits since hydro operators have to deal with many administrations. The second alternative is solar water heating. Solar water heating, typically offsets fossil fuel combustion, reducing greenhouse gas emissions and other pollutants. Systems can help reduce peak loads, thereby postponing or preventing the need for additional base load energy generation and distribution infrastructure, such as new hydroelectric dams, coal-fired power generation stations, and underwater electrical cables.Over its lifetime, a solar hot water system easily pays for itself...
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...Property 380 Issues and Trends Report on the Affect of Climate Change and Peak Oil on the Auckland Property Market September 19th 2011 Contents Part One: Background on Main Issues 1.1 An explanation of Climate Change and Peak Oil (presenting both sides including the ongoing Climate Change debate and Peak Oil debate). 1.2 An identification of some key consequences the world faces if these threats are left unmitigated (including economic, ecological and social consequences). 1.3 An explanation of how the two purported challenges are intertwined (beyond the fact that burning fossil fuels emits greenhouse gases). 1.4 A presentation of current present evidence (or ‘purported evidence’) of the early stages of these consequences which are currently unfolding. Part Two: S.W.O.T. Analysis on the post-peak Auckland property market An analysis of the associated Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats from the perspective of a property investor making direct investments, using a retail property product type. 2.1 Strengths 2.2 Weaknesses 2.3 Opportunities 2.4 Threats Section 1.1: Climate Change and Peak Oil Climate Change Human activities such as driving cars, burning coal and deforestation produce greenhouse gases (mainly carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide). These gases gather in the atmosphere, wrap around the earth and consequently trap the...
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...Our Outperform expectation is even more compelling in 2016 given the spread widening that the sector experienced in the last six months, as the sector fundamentals remain strong. Another record year of auto sales is predicted and even if we do see declines from cyclical production peaks, breakeven profitability levels have been materially lowered, allowing both OEMs and suppliers to be highly profitable at cycle volumes well below what is forecast. The sector has engaged in prudent balance sheet management since the peak of the crisis; likely issuance (which will be biased to refinancing) should find more-than-adequate demand. M&A could inject some headline risk, and VW is still a wildcard that could cause a bout of spread weakness. We would see such volatility as presenting an opportunity, however, given the solid underpinnings of the Auto Sector storage. The positive side of the sector's story is its still strong credit quality even if the group did see some modest deterioration on that from increased M&A and pockets of end-market weakness. They're not bulletproof, however, and there are still a number of sources of potentially negative headline risk that we expect to be at play out in the coming year. Additionally, even if the economy does perform to consensus. we expect the expansion will be reliant upon the US domestic consumption story and it will be heavier going in the global arena in which the manufacturing conglomerates compete, particularly as regards to economic...
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...Visit Peak District & Derbyshire Green Questionnaire Sustainable tourism is changing, from being relatively niche and misunderstood into the mainstream of the tourism industry and is increasingly being sought by consumers. We’re interested in learning how green your tourism business is. Complete our Green Survey and return to j.price@visitpeakdistrict.com. |Name | |Address | | | |Email address | |1a |What type of business do you have? (please tick as appropriate) | | |B&B/Guesthouse | | |Hotel/Inn | | ...
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...Rather than a peak in 2021 followed by a gradual decline to slightly below today’s levels by 2040, total U.S. tight oil production is likely to peak before 2020 and decline to a small fraction of today’s production levels by 2040. (Hughes) New technologies and safeguards are providing proof that “green”, environmentally friendly fracking fields exist in the U.S. As a part of the drilling process, drilling companies should contain and eliminate natural gas leakage during extraction. Methane is a major component of natural gas and a potent greenhouse gas, one third stronger than carbon dioxide. Patrick J. Kiger of National Geographic writes about the new technologies drillers are using to contain the leaks. “Methane emissions from onshore oil and natural gas production could be reduced by 40 percent by 2018, at a cost that's the equivalent of just one cent per thousand cubic feet of natural gas produced…inspectors equipped with infrared cameras can spot leaks at fracking sites, which can then be plugged”. (Kiger) Kiger goes on to write: “Another improvement that can reduce methane emissions: Replacing conventional...
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...technologies yet when it comes to energy most experts seem to think that our decades old oil and coal based energy systems would barely change. Developments all over the world have already proved them wrong, however the world may soon witness the most dramatic changes in its energy economy in a hundred years. Energy experts projects that global oil supplies will only meet demand until the global oil production has reached a peak between 2013 and 2020. Declining oil production after peak production would cause a global energy gap to develop, which would have to be bridged by unconventional or renewable energy sources. Renewable energy refers to energy that occurs naturally and repeatedly in the environment. This can be energy from waves wind, the sun and geothermal heat from the ground. Renewable energy can also be produced from plant sources such as wood or crops grown specifically as fuel. The existing conventional renewable energy sources are as follows: Hydropower. Currently, about 3% of the world’s energy is generated by hydropower, or falling water which turns turbines at the bottom of dams to generate electricity. If global energy demand increases, it is unlikely that hydropower’s contribution to the total electricity use will be much more than it is. This is because, most of the great rivers have already been tapped for many uses, and some don’t even reach their mouths. Also, the trend now is to destroy old dams rather than build new dams because of their negative environmental...
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...41 LEARNING RESOURCES 14.43 Key points covered 14.43 Answers to review questions 14.43 Exercises 14.44 Presentation/suggested discussion topics 14.45 Relevant case studies 14.45 REFERENCES 14.46 INTERNET RESOURCES 14.47 GLOSSARY/DEFINITION OF KEY CONCEPTS 14.47 Case study 1. Lighting retrofitting in the United Republic of Tanzania 14.49 Case study 2. United Republic of Tanzania: Power factor correction 14.59 Case study 3. Zambia: Automatic load control and alternative energy supply at Lusaka water and sewerage company 14.67 Case study 4. Zambia: University energy assessment 14.73 Case study 5. Why DSM initially failed in Ghana 14.79 PowerPoint presentation: ENERGY EFFICIENCY Module 14: Demand-side management 14.87 SUSTAINABLE ENERGY REGULATION AND POLICY-MAKING TRAINING MANUAL page iv MODULE 14: DEMAND-SIDE MANAGEMENT page 14.1 1. MODULE OBJECTIVES 1.1. Module overview Demand-side management (DSM) has been traditionally seen as a means of reducing peak electricity demand so that utilities can delay building further capacity. In fact, by reducing the overall load on an electricity network, DSM has various beneficial effects, including mitigating...
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...focus on diversification, generation and efficient allocation. The answer lies in the attainment of optimal energy mix through fuel substitution by promoting energy efficiency and renewable energy and interregional co-operation. However, oil and natural gas will continue to be the world’s top two energy sources through 2040; accounting for about 60 percent of global demand. Gas being the fastest growing major fuel source over this period is expected to grow at 1.6 percent per year from 2010 to 2040 as estimated by “The Outlook for Energy: A View to 2040” is given in Figure-14.1. Figure 14.1: Global energy demand by fuel type (Quadrillion BTUs) 250 Quadrillions British Thermal Units 2010 200 150 100 2040 2040 2010 From its peak in 2025, coal will decline by more than 10 percent of total Hydro/Geo 2010 2040 Latin America and China are the biggest users of hydro power, which makes up over 80 percent of total Hydro/Geo supplies 2040 50 0 2010 2010 2040 2010 2040 2010 2040 Source: The Outlook for Energy: Aview to 2040 Pakistan’s economy has been growing at an average growth rate of almost 3 percent for the last four years and demand of energy both at production and consumer end is increasing rapidly. Knowing that there is a strong relationship between economic growth and energy demand, the government is making all possible efforts to address the challenges of rising energy demand (Box-1)....
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...Success is not an eventual pinnacle. It is an odyssey that has multiple peaks, and at each peak one must strive to attain his goal and culminate his efforts into something fruitful. Different people have myriad opinions about success. Some relate it with money, some with power. However, for me “success is peace of mind, which is a direct result of self-satisfaction in knowing you made the effort to do your best, to become the best of that you are capable of becoming.” It consists in being content with what you do!! Success is something one assembles from components he discovers in his soul and his imagination. It can be achieved by knowing, understanding, believing in oneself, and executing the apposite actions required to achieve it. “The truth is that all of us attain the greatest success and blithe possible in this life whenever we use our native capacities to their greatest extent.” “Do not aim for success if you want it! Just do what you love and believe in, and…it will come naturally.” Sorrowfully, success has been commercialized with fame and popularity. “The common idea that success spoils people by making them vain, egotistic, and self-complacent is erroneous; on the contrary it makes them-for the most part- humble, tolerant, and kind.” Setbacks also help in achieving success. It is very aptly said that discouragement and failure are two of the surest stepping stones to success. Multi-faceted success doesn’t lie in not...
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...Resource Depletion and Peak Oil Peak oil and resource depletion are two very real issues that our world is facing. These issues are controversial topics and this report is going to critically analyse these concerns. Firstly, we will look at what the peak oil and climate change theories are and then discuss the on-going debate from opposing sides of the arguments for and against the peak oil theory. We will examine how these two issues are intertwined and identify the key consequences facing society. Then the current evidence that is proof of the early stages of both issues. The second part of this report will be based on a post peak oil paradigm and how the effects of peak oil, climate change and economic contraction will have on the direct investment in low density suburban property market. Firstly we will look at the concept of peak oil. The peak oil theory arose in 1956, when M. King Hubbert addressed the United States Oil Convention. His theory observed the production rates of individual oil reserves and how the production rate would increase at an exponential growth, reach a point and then decline rapidly, producing a bell shaped curve, now referred to as Hubbert’s curve. His prediction was that the United States oil reserves will reach its peak in 1970, and then decline rapidly as the demand increased and then become totally depleted. His theory was met with ridicule, however in the 1970’s the US reached its peak of 10 million barrels per day, and has been in decline...
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...CASE STUDY #1 “What’s the Buzz on Smart Grids?” Reyes, Mhara Fhe P. Llano, Jeffrey D. Gabriel, Dianne Nicole G. Mendoza, Nevi D. Lipalam, John Bryan G. GROUP 3 SUMMARY: The United States is outdated and inefficient in terms of their electricity infrastructure. The grid provides no information about how the customers are using that energy, making it difficult to develop more efficient approaches to distribution. Smart grid enables information to flow back and forth between electric power providers and individual households to allow both consumers and energy companies to make more intelligent decisions regarding energy consumptions, and that’s why smart grid reduce costs, save energy and increase reliability. Information from smart grids would show utilities when to raise prices when demand is high or lower when demand lessens. If the Smart grid is implemented nationwide 5 to 15 percent in energy consumption will decrease. Smart grids is their ability to detect sources of power outages more quickly and precisely at the individual household level. In order to manage the smart grid it requires technology like network and switches for power management, sensors and monitoring devices to track the usage of energy and their distribution trends also systems linked to programmable appliances to run them when energy is least costly.SmartGridCity in Boulder, Colorado are attracting attention because of power flowing from a small number of power plants, the smart grid will...
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...The two alternatives to oil as energy sources that I will be focusing on today are hydropower and coal. As our course textbook discusses, we are living in the age of “peak-oil”. This means that although we our unsure of how much oil lies beneath us, it would be wise to assume that there is not an endless supply of oil and the demand for oil is continuously on the rise. Aaron Lehmer-Chang, an advocate for locally resilient communities, notes that “renewable energy simply cannot be scaled up at the pace needed to supplant our fossil fuel use” (2014, Para. 10). Hydropower and coal are possible alternatives to oil as energy sources; however, both sources come with challenges of their own as viable replacements for oil. As discussed by Turk and Bensel in our textbook, “The main appeal of coal is its abundance.” (2014, Ch. 6.4). While coal might be abundant, it is also one of the harshest energy sources on our environment. Coal is largely carbon-based, and along with that comes large emissions of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. (Turk & Bensel, Ch. 6.4) With the environmental associated with coal, it cannot be describes as a viable long term substitute for oil as a primary source of energy. Hydropower may be much more environmentally friendly in terms of carbon emissions in to the atmosphere, but some environmentalists still contend that it is not completely environmentally friendly. In an article released by the Environmental News Network, it is mentioned that “Environmentalists...
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...mail.com Guide to Energy Management Seventh Edition Guide to Energy Management Seventh Edition by Barney L. Capehart, Ph.D., CEM Wayne C. Turner, Ph.D. PE, CEM William J. Kennedy, Ph.D., PE Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Capehart, B. L. (Barney L.) Guide to energy management / by Barney L. Capehart, Wayne C. Turner, William J. Kennedy. -- 7th ed. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN-10: 0-88173-671-6 (alk. paper) ISBN-10: 0-88173-672-4 (electronic) ISBN-13: 978-1-4398-8348-8 (alk. paper) 1. Energy conservation--Handbooks, manuals, etc. 2. Energy consumption--Handbooks, manuals, etc. I. Turner, Wayne C., 1942- II. Kennedy, William J., 1938- III. Title. TJ163.3.C37 2011 621.042--dc23 2011021960 Guide to energy management by Barney L. Capehart, Wayne C. Turner, William J. Kennedy--Seventh Edition ©2012 by The Fairmont Press. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Published by The Fairmont Press, Inc. 700 Indian Trail Lilburn, GA 30047 tel: 770-925-9388; fax: 770-381-9865 http://www.fairmontpress.com Distributed by Taylor & Francis Ltd. 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300 Boca Raton, FL 33487, USA E-mail: orders@crcpress.com Distributed by Taylor & Francis Ltd. 23-25 Blades Court Deodar Road London...
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... Page 3, 5 Conclusions Page 5 Bibliography Page 6 Summary Inexpensive food has been taken for granted for almost 30 years. From their peak in the 1970s crisis, real food prices steadily declined in the 1980s and 1990s and eventually reached an all-time low in the early 2000s. Rich and poor governments alike therefore saw little need to invest in agricultural production, and reliance on food imports appeared to be a relatively safe and efficient means of achieving national food security. However, as the international prices of major food cereals surged upward from 2006 to 2008 these perceptions quickly collapsed. Furthermore, although food prices are now lower than their 2008 peak, real prices have remained significantly higher in 2009 and 2010 than they were prior to the crisis, and various simulation models predict that real food prices will remain high until at least the end of the next decade. Introduction Almost 30 years food has been taken for granted for its inexpensive from the peak in the 1970s crisis, in the 1980s and...
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...Despite the improvement, which took place in the power sector in India, during the 11th Plan (2007-2012), the deficit in power supply in terms of peak availability and total energy availability existed at 7.9% and around 10.6% respectively in year 2011-12.Despite the improvement, which took place in the power sector in India, during the 11th Plan (2007-2012), the deficit in power supply in terms of peak availability and total energy availability existed at 7.9% and around 10.6% respectively in year 2011-12. As on April 30, 2012, the installed capacity in the country was 2,01,637.03 MW and some of the achievements in the power sector pertaining to the 11th Plan were, the addition of 50,000MW, reduction in energy deficits, induction of super critical technologies and commissioning of first 1200kV test line centre at Bina, Madhya Pradesh. The Planning Commission has now projected an investment of over Rs.45 Lac Cr. (about US$ 1 Trillion) during the 12th Plan (2012-2017). In this context, it is assumed that at least 50% of this investment shall come from the private sector as against 36% anticipated in the 11th Plan and the public sector investment will need to increase to over Rs.22.5 Lac Cr. as against an expenditure of Rs.13.1 Lac Cr. during the 11th Plan. Thus, financing energy sector for securing energy demands is a big challenge in the coming years and will require some innovative ideas and new models of financing. The energy sector is slowly becoming very complex with...
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