...Elisha Knight MedSurg Neurological Research Summary This study was conducted with the purpose of finding out if peritoneal dialysis has an effect on the neurological development in babies. To achieve this, they monitored 21 children who were younger than two years old, and tracked their development, metabolism, blood volume, and neurologic condition. Also, they tried to recognize the predisposing factors, such as low blood sugar levels, extremely low blood pressure, blood clot formation, and abnormal growth. While the patients were actively receiving peritoneal dialysis, they were monitored by a neurologist, hearing specialist, physiotherapist, and occupational therapist. The study concluded that peritoneal dialysis did not increase any neurological problems. Reflection...
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...Pediatric Febrile Seizures 2 Whitney Wang What are Pediatric Febrile Seizures? 3 They are convulsions brought on by a fever in small infants and children. These fevers are usually caused by a bacterial or viral infection in the child’s body and accompanied by certain vaccinations. Vaccinations DO NOT cause fevers. 2 More commonly, during this kind of seizure, the child loses consciousness and shakes, moving limbs on both sides of the body. 4 Less commonly, during this kind of seizure, the child becomes rigid or has twitches in only a portion of the body. Most febrile seizures last a minute or two. Some seizures can be as brief as seconds or continue for more than 15 minutes. 2 Majority of children with febrile seizures have rectal temperatures...
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...cognitive, physical and socio-emotional development during the first months and throughout the preschool years? Can breast-feeding really impact the success in a child’s life more than bottle-feeding? A recent Brazilian study showed that SGA babies scored significantly lower on the Bayley mental and motor subscales at 6 months and that the difference increased by 12 months [1]. Some studies followed the children for several years, and the findings sometimes changed with the age of follow-up. In American children who were assessed at 4, 5, and 7 years of age, language development, and reading readiness were worse in children who were not breast fed. Similarly, SGA Guatemalan children who had not been different from NEW children before 12 months had significantly poorer developmental levels in their second year and had lower scores on their cognitive tests. Differences between the groups disappeared on subsequent evaluations at 4 and 5 years [3]. Children who were SGA generally performed worse than those who were NEW in tests of cognition [2,3], IQ, and language [4]. In two studies the SGA group performed worse than the NEW group, but the difference did not reach significant levels, perhaps because the sample sizes were small [5,6]....
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...500,000 cases to 0 worldwide. It was effective • Why do we vaccinate kids when they are so young? Protect them against diseases and prevent. • In the industrialized world, how many of the childhood epidemics still exist? 0 • Why didn’t the Measles epidemic of 2013 spread to areas outside of Brooklyn? Explain herd immunity. • What is the required percentage of people who need to be vaccinated to ensure that a major measles epidemic does not occur? What was the percentage in France in 2007 -2008? How big was the epidemic that followed? 95%, 89%, 15,000 cases in 2011 • What caused Luke Filben’s neurological disorder? A gene mutation causes Dravet syndrome • damaged by traumas, infections, heredity and tumors, among other things. Some pediatric neurological disorders are caused by exposure to toxic chemicals and development delays. • What is the difference between a cause of a disease and a trigger for a disease? A cause of disease its what actually makes it into the disease and a trigger for a disease it’s what spreads it and starts the disease. • Can today’s polio vaccine cause polio? yes • Why do some people think that vaccines cause autism? Autism symptoms are usually noticed around the same time that many vaccinations are given • Who was Andrew Wakefield and what did he have to do with the way many people see vaccines? Andrew Jeremy Wakefield is a British former surgeon and medical researcher,...
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...Prenatal Alcohol Exposure Chapman University EDUU 606 January 6, 2010 Over use of alcohol is a growing social problem in our society. Alcohol has a long history of uses, during the early 1930’s alcohol consumption reached an all time high. In the 1980’s consumption of alcohol by adults leveled off; and in the 1990’s there was a decline in the number of adult’s consuming alcohol. Even though consumption in adults has leveled off and declined, there continues to be a growing concern over women who consume alcohol during pregnancy, its affects on the nervous system, and the unborn fetus. In this research I will provide you with an overview on the history and production of alcohol, the effects on the body and the damages that could occur to unborn fetus, demographics of those affected by alcohol. How the alcohol is transmitted from the mother to the unborn fetus, parts of the brain disrupted in development, and the impact it has on learning, as well as the implications and application to the classroom. It does not appear; that most people have a clear understanding of dangers of alcohol. Ethanol is a very addictive drug, which takes many, lives each year. Alcohol lowers ones ability to think rationally. People who consume alcohol lack good judgment because it often causes them to do things they normally wouldn’t when their sober. Alcohol has a major effect on ones overall...
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...Tourette's syndrome, also called Tourette's disorder is named after the neurologist, Gilles de la Tourette. Sometimes it is referred to as GTS but more often it is simply called Tourette's or ‘TS’. It is an inherited neurological disorder marked by movement-based (motor) tics which are abrupt, repetitive, stereotyped, non-rhythmic movements, as well as vocal (verbal or phonic) tics which are involuntary sounds produced by moving air through the nose, mouth, or throat. Tourette's is defined as part of a spectrum of tic disorders, which includes transient and chronic tics. This disorder may appear in multiple family members, and often appears (co-morbid) with other behavioral disorders, in particular - “obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)” (Hawley 2008). People with this disorder have normal life expectancy and intelligence, but symptoms can lead to decrease in normal activities (Walkup, Mink & Hollenbeck 2006). Tourette’s syndrome, as described in the psychiatric diagnostic tool DSM-IV-TR criteria is “associated with distress or social or functional impairment” (Hawley 2008). Onset and Diagnosis. The most common first sign to alert people to visit the doctor for a possible presence of Tourette’s is a facial tic such as “rapidly blinking eyes or twitches of the mouth” (NTSA 2009). Unintended, involuntary sounds such as throat clearing, shrugging or tics of the limbs may be initial signs but in certain case, although rare...
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...Tourette’s Syndrome Tourette's syndrome, also called Tourette's disorder is named after the neurologist, Gilles de la Tourette. Sometimes it is referred to as GTS but more often it is simply called Tourette's or ‘TS’. It is an inherited neurological disorder marked by movement-based (motor) tics which are abrupt, repetitive, stereotyped, non-rhythmic movements, as well as vocal (verbal or phonic) tics which are involuntary sounds produced by moving air through the nose, mouth, or throat. Tourette's is defined as part of a spectrum of tic disorders, which includes transient and chronic tics. This disorder may appear in multiple family members, and often appears (co-morbid) with other behavioral disorders, in particular - “obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)” (Hawley 2008). People with this disorder have normal life expectancy and intelligence, but symptoms can lead to decrease in normal activities (Walkup, Mink & Hollenbeck 2006). Tourette’s syndrome, as described in the psychiatric diagnostic tool DSM-IV-TR criteria is “associated with distress or social or functional impairment” (Hawley 2008). Onset and Diagnosis. The most common first sign to alert people to visit the doctor for a possible presence of Tourette’s is a facial tic such as “rapidly blinking eyes or twitches of the mouth” (NTSA 2009). Unintended, involuntary sounds such as throat clearing, shrugging or tics of the limbs may be initial signs but...
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...qwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmrtyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmrtyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmrtyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmrtyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwer...
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...DOI 10.3233/NPM-2010-0132 IOS Press 325 Sucrose as an analgesic in relieving procedural pain in neonates Srijana Basnet∗, Laxman Shrestha and Prakash Sundar Shrestha Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Medicine, Kathmandu, Nepal Received 1 January 2010 Revised 29 June 2010 Accepted 27 July 2010 Abstract. Objective: This study was undertaken to study physiological and behavioral pain responses of neonates and to assess the analgesic effect of orally administered sucrose as assessed by the behavioral pain rating scale [DAN (Douleur Aigu¨ du e Nouveau-n´ ) score] during venepuncture in neonates. e Method: In 50 healthy neonates requiring bilirubin estimation, blood sugar was randomly assigned to receive 2ml of 30% sucrose two minutes before the venepuncture (intervention) in comparison to a group not receiving sucrose (control). During the procedure, pain was assessed by behavioral pain rating scale [Douleur Aigu¨ Nouveau-n´ (DAN) scale]. The heart rate, oxygen e e saturation before, during and after procedure as well as crying time was noted. Results: There was significantly lower pain (DAN) score in the intervention group compared to control group. Median (interquartile) DAN score in the group receiving sucrose was 3 (1.5–5.5) compared to 7 (5–9.5) in control group. The difference in median DAN score between two groups was statistically significant (p = 0.0001). There was a significant increase in heart rate in the control group whereas in group receiving sucrose, no...
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...learn. She was on constant medication and lived her life in brief intervals between convulsions. As often as 120 times a day, and sometimes only three minutes apart, seizures made the right side of her body useless. Since the surgery, Maranda has not suffered a single seizure. In kindergarten, she was swimming and taking dancing lessons. In the 2 years following the surgery, she grew 9 inches, learned to jump rope, and became a local celebrity. She talked normally, and her memory was intact. She walked with a slight limp, although therapy helped to minimize it. "Over the long haul, I'd anticipate she'll be able to live quite a norma1life, with a mild weakness on the right side," says Benjamin Carson, head of pediatric neurosurgery at Johns Hopkins University, who per- formed the operation. After 10 hours in the operating room, Maranda woke up with the words, "I love you, Mommy and Daddy." Maranda's speech had already migrated to the right side of her brain. Part of her amazing recovery is attributed to the fact that her right hemisphere had already taken over many of the functions of its deteriorating left-side counterpart. Maranda is not an isolated case. Brain hemispherectomy has been performed successfully on others. In fact, Maranda, along with seven other "hemis" and their families, have returned to...
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...1 Potential Etiologies of Autism Autism spectrum disorder, also called autism, is a severe physical disorder of the brain, characterized by impaired cognition, limited language, repetitive patterns of behavior, difficulty with social interactions, and a lack of responsiveness to other people (Schreibman). Other conditions within the autism spectrum include Asperger syndrome, Child Disintegrative Disorder (CDD), Pervasive Developmental Disorder, Not Otherwise Specified (PDD-NOS), and Rett’s Disorder (58-63). Scientists consider these disorders to be similar because they share common characteristics (58). Asperger syndrome occurs when children have difficulty with social interactions, but do not exhibit delays in language. CDD develops within two years and autism is evident within the first year of life (59). PDD-NOS occurs when children have difficulty with social interactions and either communication problems or restricted interest (63). Rett’s Disorder is diagnosed definitively in females and autism is diagnosed primarily in males (58). The term autism was first used in 1943 by child psychiatrist Leo Kanner, who wrote a paper “Autistic Disturbances of Affective Contact” (Koegel 2). In his paper, Kanner described his observation of eleven children between the ages of two and eight who displayed a tendency to want to be alone and lacked the ability to interact with others. The children also displayed a delay in speech, a lack of imaginative play, unusual interest, and verbal...
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...opinion about this identification or anything dealing in child psychiatry will be met with censure from both sides. I was reading an article “Ritalin Gone Wild” in the New York Times, and I felt obliged to write. If you have not read “Ritalin Gone Wild”, I persuade you to do so. In my opinion, I agree with the article except for the mention about “children born into poverty therefore [being] more vulnerable to behavior problems”. Unsurprisingly, the article has fascinated many online detectors. Let us check out this response from the NYT, accusing Dr Sroufe for “blaming parents” for ADD/ADHD. When I read the original article, Dr Sroufe did not do that. Instead, he noted that ADD/ADHD symptoms may not or at all come from a congenital neurological defect or “chemical imbalance”, but that ecological influences may be more significant. He also says that, ADD/ADHD drugs do work; children and adults do perform better on meds, but the successes do fail over time, perhaps a drug answer does not change ecological situation in the first place. I could not agree more. I think this statement is true for much of what is treated in psychiatry; it is predominantly related to children and adolescents. Children are exposed to a vast amount of influences as they try to traverse their way in the world, not to mention that their brains and bodies mature quickly and are highly susceptible. Ecological influences are boundless. I have a radical proposal which may never, be implemented, but which...
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...NORTHCENTRAL UNIVERSITY ASSIGNMENT COVER SHEET Learner: Teka L. Williams Academic Integrity: All work submitted in each course must be the Learner’s own. This includes all assignments, exams, term papers, and other projects required by the faculty mentor. The known submission of another person’s work represented as that of the Learner’s without properly citing the source of the work will be considered plagiarism and will result in an unsatisfactory grade for the work submitted or for the entire course, and may result in academic dismissal. Psych 6302-8 Dr. Nickerson Impact of Psychological Illness on Nutrition Assignment # 6 <Add Learner comments here> ------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- Faculty Use Only ------------------------------------------------- <Faculty comments here> Impact of Psychological Illness on Nutrition Healthy nutrition is often a reflection of healthy living in general. Psychosocial behaviors, psychological illness, cognitive deficiencies, and body image are among the many behavioral and psychosocial factors that can have an impact on nutrition. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is amongst the most common neurobehavioral disorders in children, with a prevalence...
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...About Communications and Learning Disorders what we know about Communications and Learning Disorders is that: * they are neurological conditions which keep people off track. * Either from having no self control (ADHD) of attention and/or impulsivity. * Or impairs their perceptions and processing of information (SLD) either visual, auditory or kinesthetic. * Or impairs their social relatedness (Autistic Spectrum). * These conditions often prevent students from being organized, on target, attentive or focused on school work. We know that there has been a great deal of coverage on ADHD, Learning Disabilities and Autistic Spectrum on TV, in newspapers, in professional journals and elsewhere in the public eye. Yet there does not seem to be a simple answer to help deal with these students with Communications and Learning Disorders in the classroom. Students with Communications and Learning Disorders often look to their teachers as being : * distracted * disorganized * fidgety * impulsive These students are frequently * socially immature * temperamental * with short attention spans * suffering from low self-esteem Students with Communications and Learning Disorders may display one or all of the following behaviors which tend to drive teachers crazy: * fidget with hands and feet * have difficulty remaining seated * are easily distracted by visual or auditory stimuli in and outside of classroom * have difficulty waiting for turns in classroom situations ...
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...Family violence, according to the Singapore Women’s Charter Chapter 353 Section 64 (2009), is: Willfully or knowingly placing, or attempting to place, a family member in fear of hurt, causing hurt, wrongful confinement or restraint against the family member’s will or continual harassment which causes anguish. A family member can be your spouse or ex spouse, child (including adopted and step child), sibling, parent or in-law. Now there are many factors that contribute to family violence, the most commonly seen are the characteristics of the abused and the abuser. There is no one specific country or culture that is more abusive than another, abuse is spread across countries, cultures, socio-economic statuses, races, religion and ethnic groups (Goldman, Salus, Wolcott & Kennedy, 2009). For example, one may be very educated and well kept but if unable to control behavior caused by emotions, he may be abusive. While if one may be poor and lowly educated, if he is well controlled in his behaviors and emotions, he will then not be abusive. More often, in cases of child abuse, the abuser usually a parent, father or mother, could be one who may be in situations of stress or some one who simply cannot control their emotions, anger. In a paper written by Professor Harry J. Gaynor (1998), in 1,356 cases of child abuse reported by National Burn Victim Foundation, there were 176 spontaneous cases, of which 97% of them are parents that are known to have aggressive response behavior...
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