...Paper - Middle Childhood and Adolescence Development Social and moral growth fosters peer interaction in a positive climate. A child’s interaction and acceptance with peers rises during middle childhood. During middle age friendship is an important development. Friendship also fulfills needs of middle childhood such as communal, intimacy, companionship, and acceptance. Adolescent egocentrism is an adolescent thinking intensely about him or herself while wondering what others think about them (Berger, 2008). An adolescent will practice new thinking skills on his or herself, which helps with detachment. The adolescent child worries about how other’s perceive them, and thinks about their conflicting interests in school, close friends, family, and about their own future. All of this thinking of self, refection of experiences, and self-awareness is a distinct to adolescence and egocentrism. These changes for the young adolescent often bring rebellion, low motivation, drugs, alcohol, pregnancies, rocky emotions, and peer pressure. Life for the adolescent can be a conflicting demand of tug of war, filling the adolescent life with demands, mixed messages, and forcing a path of reliance on others and independence while creating stress and depression for the inexperienced adolescent to handle. Relationships in middle childhood and adolescence Peer relations are important aspect of human development. During middle childhood, children typically hang out with other children of the same gender...
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...RELATED LITERATURE Foreign Literature The term peer group refers to an individual's small,intimately group who we interact on a daily basis. Peer group is also what we call “friends” the ones who we hang out, having to tell our secrets and having to do activities all together. As a child growing into a adolescent, they tend to spend more time with their peers groups compared to spending time with their families. The environment of peer groups also changes during adolescence period. There are three groups during adolescents , the early, middle and the late adolescent peer groups. During this period, child still on Identity vs Role Confusion according to the theory of Erik Erickson. This is the period teens develop a sense of self and personal identity. Peer group can either have a positive and negative output not only in the society but also on academic performance of a child. According to Rubin, the tendency of an individual associates themselves with others who share amount of similar attributes in social dynamic is what we called homophily. For example, adolescent peer groups who have been found to be more homologous than the other student body who reported in smoking frequency, intake of alcohol, use of illegal substance such as marijuana and coccaine. Homophily of peer groups has been found among the academic characteristics such as having a high GPA(Grade Point Average), having an ambition to go or enter college, time management and engagement in any school or academic...
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...into the person you think they should be, but helping them develop into the best person they are meant to be” (Sorenson, 2005). Statistics say that in the stages in middle adolescence 30% of the child’s social life and interactions there are a great stage of peer pressure. These results were compared to the 10% that is experienced during the early childhood. They show that they are competent by demonstrating their behaviors in these peer groups. During the elementary years in school, children have to prove to others that they understand and that they are capable of handling the different situations they find themselves in. They must keep a certain criteria in order to have friends. The main concern during these peer groups is to be accepted and most of these concerns are experienced during middle childhood. Researchers have been focusing in the friendship among the children. Friendship is one of the most important parts of the social group between early stages of childhood. Friends fill that special need we have inside and for a child’s development that is one of the most important parts. They fulfill the special needs and they help with communication, interaction, acceptance, companionship and social skills. Peer is more related to the social and popularity status and its acceptance and friendship represents more that relationship that is built on appreciation, respect and most importantly being liked. When the child has reached its adolescence stage, they will experience...
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...is the next big thing to them. Peer pressure in most cases supports individual development among adolescents. However, influence of significant others may not allow individual peer pressure to take effect in a teen’s life. Adolescence stage is characterized by immense influence of age-mates. It involves high levels of self-consciousness and self-centeredness. These two groups can be disturbed greatly by social pressures like drug use and abuse, sexuality and opposite sex relationships. When such pressures creep in the only remedy to these teens is normally close family guidance, which aims to mitigate stress and depressions (Jack W. Finney, 1998). There are several changes in children. Teens at this age attempt to fit into a specific social group. Peer relationships provide better social and moral climates in the society. Such climates will enable development of peer interactions within the society. The interactions lead to social support and friendships that play a vital role in middle childhood development. Adolescents develop significant relationships called peers. During these two stages significant friendships and even relationships developed normally last for very many years. Children aged four years or more usually have friends. Teenagers develop friendship preferences. As children grow up, their acceptance of maturing adolescents enable them to improve interactions and participations in various activities. Recent studies show that peer relationship changes differ a lot...
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...PEER INFLUENCE IN RELATION TO ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE AND SOCIALIZATION AMONG ADOLESCENTS: A LITERATURE REVIEW by Nicole Marie Howard A Research Paper Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Master of Science Degree With a Major in School Psychology Approved Two Semester Credits _____________________________ Investigation Advisor The Graduate School University of Wisconsin-Stout May, 2004 ii The Graduate School University of Wisconsin-Stout Menomonie, WI 54751 ABSTRACT _________Howard__________Nicole_______M._________________________ (Writer) (Last Name) (First) (Initial) Peer Influence In Relation To Academic Performance and Socialization Among__ (Title) Adolescents: A Literature Review______________________________________ School Psychology (Graduate Major) Dr. Helen Swanson (Research Advisor) May/2004_____ 30__________ (Month/Year) (No. of Pages) Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, Fifth Edition___ (Name of Style Manual Used in This Study) Adolescents have always been exposed to peer influence, but the kinds of peer influence that they encounter have changed tremendously in the past years. Peers can influence everything from what an adolescent chooses to wear to whether or not an adolescent engages in drug related or other delinquent behavior. This is an important topic because if society and education related professionals understand the issues surrounding negative peer influence, they are more likely...
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...Peer Pressure in Adolescent Development Sondra Hotchkiss University of Guelph FRHD*2280 Adolescent Development March 28, 2014 For this reflection piece, I have chosen to reflect on the affects that peer pressure has on adolescents during development. I will briefly discuss what I have learned about peer pressure and why it tends to peak during mid-adolescence. Furthermore, I will discuss how peer pressure exists in a variety of teen television shows, including One Tree Hill. This example also demonstrates how other teens respond to peer pressure and how it is often connected with bullying. Finally, I will discuss how peer pressure can affect one’s ability to achieve both academically and socially in the school environment. According to the lecture notes (Glozman, lecture notes, FRHD*2280, January 9, 2014) adolescence is defined as a period of the life course between the time puberty begins and the time adult status is approached. During this stage, young people are in the process of preparing to take on the roles and responsibilities associated with adulthood in their culture. During adolescence, we have noticed that peers play a large role in a young person’s life and typically replace family as the center of a teen’s social and leisure activities. Often time’s adolescents have various peer relationships and interact with a wide range of peer groups. As adolescents begin to pull away from their parents in search for their own identity, their friends usually become a...
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... Ivy tech community College Adolescence is a period in development between the onset of puberty and adulthood. It usually begins between 11 and 13 years of age with the appearance of secondary sex characteristics and spans the teenage years, terminating at 18 to 20 years of age with the completion of the development of the adult form. During this period, the individual undergoes extensive physical, psychologic, emotional, and personality changes. Mosby's Medical Dictionary, 8th edition. © 2009, Elsevier. Stress in relation to adolescents can be said to be the challenges faced and dealt with during this process of growth, these stress can be related to the pressure and expectation from the society, media and peers pressure, stress is not necessary caused by these process of growth but by the demand and responsibility that is usually attached to it.These period of development in adolescents have various impact and effects on what kind of stress they face and how it is being dealt with, these stress can either physical, intellectual, emotional or social. Adolescent period is often believed to be a difficult period and very critical stage of transition because of various qualitative shift that they pass through at that moment of life and this conflicts with breaking away from the old self and interest of the childhood memories and all these periods are accompanied by significant changes of various degrees for instance, all the characteristics...
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...Influences of Sexual Behavior in Adolescence During Adolescence, children are more likely to imitate other role models because they want to be accepted by others in their age group and peer pressure. The importance of peers and media in middle childhood and adolescence can influence them to have risky sexual behaviors. Due to the need for acceptance during adolescents, children are more likely to act upon certain risky behaviors they wouldn't otherwise act upon. The media is the biggest influence in adolescents that promotes sexual behavior. Sexual explicit behavior affects an adolescent by initiating early sexual tensions and leading to drastic consequences they aren't ready to accept. The Need for Acceptance Adolescence is a time when children are trying to understand their identity in their society. As most of their time is spent in school, children feel like they need a sense of acceptance and belonging in a particular peer group. The need for this recognition leads them to make certain choices; they feel like they need change their attire, how they talk, and how they behave so they can be accepted into a group. Certain groups have higher expectations and joining them increases social statuses, adolescents get too...
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...Shannon L. Alder, the author of "300 Questions to Ask Your Parents Before It is Too Late" claims: "Peer pressure has the power to create a diamond, but it has to be the "right" pressure". This quotation means that there are both positive and negative pressure in today's world. It can influence a human to do something that is quite harmless, or something that has more critical results. Positive peer pressure is when people inspire us to study by heart, join activities such as playing football, volleyball, or tennis. It is also said that positive peer pressure is the "push" we need to try something new. The question is what is negative pressure? Negative peer stress is commonly wide-spread nowadays, and it is when teenagers close to our age inspires...
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...Alcohol and Drug Abuse among Adolescent Nyria Madison Liberty University Coun 620 Abstract Around the world we are finding that most adolescent are experiencing drugs and alcohol. Adolescent who are experiencing the use of drugs has been a factor for decades. This has become a major trend in this world as of today. This paper will discuss the standpoint of adolescent alcohol and drugs. This paper will also identify and inform you on the common predictors of adolescent substance abuse. In addition, this paper will review ways on how substance abuse can lead to become a negative behavior from the adolescent micro, mezzo, and macro system. This paper will focus on how peer, family characteristic, and individual and factors connection with substance abuse in adolescents. It also will demonstrate a relationship that links to factors in at risk youth. However, researchers has shown that most adolescent and at risk teens are influence by drugs and alcohol because of their peers, family and individual characteristic. Introduction Society today has a huge trend on Alcohol and drugs among adolescent. This has become a huge impact on at risk teens. However, adolescent may reflect on drugs because of plethora circumstances. Adolescent may believe that alcohol and drugs may help them to cope better with their problems. According to McWhirter, Alcohol and other drug involvement and use among adolescents have been a society and public problem for decades (McWhirter...
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...parenting styles include; authoritarian, permissive, and authoritative. In the best interest of the child’s development, parents have to make an evaluation of the parenting methods that work well with the personality of the child. During these years the child’s temperament also begins to have an effect in their lives. “A child’s temperament matters (Kagan & Fox, 2006). If they do not consider the personality of the child, authoritarian parents might terrorize children who are innately fearful or anxious, or permissive parents might watch their impulsive children flail out of control.”(Berger, 2010). Environmental circumstances also have a role in children’s development for example: a parent gaining or loosing employment. There will be many changes that take place for middle childhood and adolescent children. Middle Childhood For many people puberty is a time in their life that will not be forgotten. The ages from 7 to 11 are sometimes called the school years. “The average 7- to 11-year-old gains about 2 inches (5 centimeters) and 5 pounds (about 2.2 kilometers) per year.”(Berger, 2010). Those healthy and productive years allow measured growth in; mastery of new athletic skills, comprehensible concepts, vocabulary, and intellectual ability. During these years children develop a degree of independence; acquiring the ability to read and write, while...
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...with forthcoming adulthood and separation from family (Berger, 2008). There are a number of positive as well as negative consequences of important developmental choices during this time phase. In addition detailed depictions of the changes adolescence come into contact with in regards to peer relationships in middle childhood and as well as youth. The scrutinizing aspects of adolescent egocentrism also the pressures often faced in adolescence, such as peer pressure, substance use and abuse, dating, sexuality, and changes within family relationships. My split portion for bullet point three When analyzing the reality of the pressures often faced within the adolescence community. It has been found, peer interaction can determine a type of association to fit in a particular social group. Peer relationships endow with optimistic growth. As well as foster peer interaction (Blume, 2006). As youth indwell on having meaningful friendships because of their constant interaction it would lead to an important development in their life. Therefore peers later on in life have these important dealings with one another because it was maintained while they were an adolescent. Another difficulty that is equally exposed to adolescents is the pressure of substance abuse. The history of substance abuse in adolescents over time found that when children leave the nest and the security they always once were use too, they have are a target for a much higher risk in trying to fit in and...
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...Liz Tracy TESC July 2013 PSY-211-OL010 Developmental Psych Module 7 Written Assignment 4 Question 1: Describe the sequence of biological changes in males and females during puberty. (Chapter 14) Whether you are talking about a male or a female, puberty is a confusing, challenging and sometimes frightening time in a young person’s life. Physical body changes, raging hormones, and mood swings make for a recipe for adolescent hysteria. Combine all that with acne and it’s a wonder why parents don’t go running for the hills. I have a son and a daughter. My son went through puberty later than his peers due to his birthdate. He is a summer baby, so he is six to twelve months younger than some of his peers. To my surprise, he did take notice when some of the other boys were maturing and getting that oddly placed facial hair. But, he really didn’t seem to care too much about it. Now, every one is caught up and it makes no difference. My daughter is a different story. She is going to be a sophomore in high school and so much revolves around the bra size! Perfect hair, perfect make-up, perfect teeth and a perfect body. The mood swings, slamming doors and interest in boys are a stark contrast to what my son went through. It’s amazing that all teenage girls don’t wind up in some form of a therapeutic class devoted solely to the time of puberty. I will say that both of my children are very comfortable talking to my husband and me about various pubescent topics. I love that our kids...
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...Adolescent Self Portrait Holly Regan, Michelle Wilson, Sonia Raya, and Yolanda Rouse BSHS/325 January 26, 2015 Mary Carlisle Adolescent Self Portrait What is it like to be an adolescent? Being an adolescent can be confusing at times because this is a stage of life when you are transforming from a child to an adult; a teenager. They go through so many different stages of change during this time such as physical changes and emotional changes. The physical change that occurs is called puberty. Puberty is like being stuck in between being a child and an adult because your parents expect more responsibility from you. These bigger responsibilities can be as simple as more chores or taking odd side jobs to help with the family income. This change can also mean learning how to be responsible with money in order to prepare you for when you are independent and on your own. Sometimes these responsibilities are more than we want to take on and, as a result, choose being rebellious toward parental rules and hang around friends instead. Peer pressure is also a big part of being an adolescent. You have the pressures of growing up, family responsibilities and rules, and friends putting ideas in your head that leave you choosing whether to be cool and fit in or be respectful of parental guidelines. There are pressures to party, be sexually active, or do well in school. At this stage, we desperately want to be old enough to do adult things that some of our friends may already...
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...Peer pressure From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Peer pressure is influence that a peer group, observers or individual exerts that encourages others to change their attitudes, values, or behaviors to conform the group norms. Social groups affected include membership groups, in which individuals are "formally" members (such as political parties and trade unions), or social cliques in which membership is not clearly defined. A person affected by peer pressure may or may not want to belong to these groups. They may also recognize dissociative groups with which they would not wish to associate, and thus they behave adversely concerning that group's behaviors.[citation needed] Contents [hide] 1 In Youth 2 Asch conformity 3 The Third Wave 4 Neural mechanisms 5 Explanation 6 References In Youth[edit] Peers become an important influence on behavior during adolescence, and peer pressure has been called a hallmark of adolescent experience.[1][2] Peer conformity in young people is most pronounced with respect to style, taste, appearance, ideology, and values.[3] Peer pressure is commonly associated with episodes of adolescent risk taking (such as delinquency, drug abuse, sexual behaviors,[4] and reckless driving) because these activities commonly occur in the company of peers.[2] Affiliation with friends who engage in risk behaviors has been shown to be a strong predictor of an adolescent's own behavior.[5] Peer pressure can also have positive effects when youth are pressured...
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