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Peka Gender

In: Social Issues

Submitted By jay6320
Words 1002
Pages 5
Pusat Pengajian Komunikasi

YWP 315 – Media dan Gender
Sidang Akademik 2014/2015

Pensyarah Kursus:

Profesor Madya Azman Azwan Azmawati &

Pn. Wang Lay Kim

Tajuk Tugasan/Projek: Nombor Tajuk | Tajuk | 1. | Budaya peka gender adalah sangat penting bagi memastikan tidak berlaku diskriminasi gender di dalam masyarakat. Bincangkan. |

Nama Pelajar: Bil. | Nama Penuh | No. Matrik | 1. | Jayani a/p Rajamanikam | 115417 |

Ulasan Pemeriksa:
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

MARKAH/GRED |

PENDAHULUAN

Gender lazimnya dianggap semula jadi, namun ia merupakan suatu pembentukan sosialisasi yang direka oleh masyarakat. Masih terdapat kekeliruan antara istilah seks dan gender dalam kalangan masyarakat kini. Seks merupakan perbezaan ciri-ciri fizikal dan biologikal yang terdapat pada diri manusia. Manakala gender pula merupakan sifat dan simbol yang dianggap harus dimiliki oleh manusia yang berbeza seks iaitu lelaki dan perempuan. Gender dikategorikan kepada dua oleh masyarakat, namun menurut Connell R. ia semata-mata imaginasi dan bukannya realiti. Gender bersifat multidimensional, dan aturan gender dibina oleh sosial, namun aturan ini sentiasa berubah mengikut revolusi. Jika diambil contoh, sejak bayi lagi gender kita dikonstruksikan, di mana bayi lelaki dibeli pakaian berwarna biru manakala bayi perempuan dibelikan pakaian berwarna merah jambu. Kanak-kanak juga dibesarkan dengan ajaran ideologi permainan yang lebih bersifat maskulin bagi anak lelaki seperti polis dan kereta manakala permainan bersifat feminin bagi anak perempuan seperti masak-masak dan solekan anak patung. Tetapi adakah salah sekiranya seorang anak lelaki berpakaian warna merah jambu atau bermain solekan anak patung? Gender berbeza mengikut budaya yang berlainan. Definisi gender dan cara kita meluahkannya bergantung kepada nilai, kepercayaan dan organisasi hidup sesuatu masyarakat. Kita dikehendaki memahami dan mempelajari gender yang disusun dan ditentukan oleh masyarakat. Namun menurut Wood J. kita mempunyai pilihan untuk menerima atau menolak budaya tersebut. Hal ini telah membawa kepada kelahiran golongan gender queer yang mencabar pandangan tradisional kini. Juga wujud golongan androgyny,transgender dan transseksual. Kewujudan golongan-golongan ini pula telah melahirkan diskriminasi gender akibat tanggapan masyarakat bahawa norma sosial dilanggar.
DISKRIMINASI TERHADAP GENDER Ketaksamaan gender masih kelihatan jelas dalam kehidupan masyarakat hari ini, walaupun pemimpin-pemimpin dan tokoh-tokoh falsafah berpendapat bahawa keseimbangan dan layanan yang sama taraf antara lelaki dan perempuan sudah pun wujud. Ketaksamaan ini boleh dilihat dari pelbagai perspektif seperti bidang pekerjaan, penglibatan politik, kedudukan gender dalam media massa dan stereotaip terhadap gender. Menurut Connell R. kebanyakan aktiviti pekerjaan, kegiatan ekonomi dan penglibatan politik didominasi oleh golongan lelaki. Majoriti kerja berat industri, permesinan, kemahiran profesional pengurusan, perakaunan, undang-undang, dan teknikal dipegang oleh lelaki manakala wanita pula mendominasi kerja-kerja jenis perkhidmatan dan kemahiran halus. Walaupun terdapat beberapa buah negara yang pernah menerima pemimpin kerajaan wanita dalam sejarah pentadbiran mereka namun penglibatan wanita dalam bidang politik sedunia masih didominasi oleh golongan lelaki iaitu 82.5%. Selain itu, pemaparan gender dalam media massa juga jelas menonjolkan diskriminasi gender. Agensi periklanan dan perfileman merupakan antara saluran yang sering kali memaparkan wanita bagi penampilan seksualiti, atau seolah-olah " eye candy ". Contohnya dalam kebanyakan filem, watak utama akan dimainkan oleh lelaki(hero) dan akan didampingi oleh watak sampingan (wanita-heroin) hanya bagi memeriahkan lagi jalan cerita filem tersebut. Media cetak pula sering memaparkan wanita separuh bogel di halaman depan majalah bagi isu sensasi dan periklanan yang hampir tiada kaitan seperti periklanan kereta BMW. Seterusnya, juga wujud stereotaip gender secara umumnya tidak kira wanita mahu pun lelaki. Misalnya, seorang lelaki yang menangis atau pun bersifat lemah lembut diejek pondan atau "sissy" manakala wanita berambut pendek dan bersifat maskulin diejek "tomboy". Wanita lazimnya dianggap bertanggungjawab ke atas tugasan domestik keluarga manakala lelaki sebagai "breadwinner". Namun tetapan ini ditentukan oleh siapa? Adakah terdapat suatu teras panduan yang sah bagi menentukan tingkah laku sesuatu gender?
BUDAYA PEKA GENDER Masyarakat mestilah peka bahawa, tiada satu manusia yang akan memiliki sifat-sifat maskuliniti dan feminiti sepenuhya. Kita harus memahami dan peka terhadap gender bagi mengelakkan diskriminasi gender. Budaya peka gender harus dipupuk dan dijelaskan kepada generasi akan datang dan juga generasi-generasi yang sedia ada, supaya masyarakat yang terdiri daripada pelbagai budaya gender yang berbeza mampu hidup makmur dan damai. Masyarakat yang mengamalkan budaya peka gender mampu hidup bertolak-ansur, hormat-menghormati dan mempunyai nilai penerimaan dalam aktiviti kehidupan harian yang melibatkan masyarakat majmuk. Selain itu, apabila kita peka terhadap gender, maka kita tidak akan pandang serong atau pandang rendah golongan atau sesuatu kelompok masyarakat yang memiliki perbezaan identiti gender, contohnya golongan LGBT. Bukan itu sahaja, apabila budaya peka gender wujud, suatu persaingan yang sihat dan seimbang akan lahir dalam kalangan lelaki dan wanita dalam merebut peluang pekerjaan, pendidikan dan tanggungjawab domestik. Lebih-lebih lagi, akan wujud beban kerja dan bayaran gaji yang saksama dan adil. Layanan gender yang sama-rata juga dapat dinikmati dalam media massa contohnya, wanita tidak lagi digunakan untuk penampilan seksual semata-mata, sebaliknya wanita boleh diberi watak utama sebagai (hero) dalam filem-filem tempatan. Lelaki atau wanita yang memiliki sifat androgyny atau ciri-ciri yang dianggap bercanggah dan kontra juga harus diberi tempat yang bebas dan dihormati dalam sosial. Budaya peka gender ini dalam kalangan masyarakat hanya akan membawa kita ke tahap revolusi tertinggi yang seterusnya. Di samping akan memberikan peluang kebebasan memiliki identiti gender kepada masyarakat yang tersinggir untuk menikmati kehidupan seperti biasa. Maka budaya peka gender adalah medium yang asas bagi menghapuskan diskriminasi gender dalam kalangan masyarakat.
KESIMPULAN
Masyarakat harus memahami dan menerima hakikat bahawa tiada satu asas panduan dan undang-undang yang menjelaskan ciri-ciri dan tingkah laku sesuatu gender. Sebaliknya gender adalah konstruksi sosial di mana manusia adalah pengasas kepada pembentukan sosial ini. Maka adalah penting bagi kita menerima perbezaan tingkah laku, ciri-ciri dan sifat gender yang wujud di luar batasan norma sosial yang sedia wujud, yang dianggap luar biasa. Walaupun terdapat perbezaan yang dianggap luar biasa namun, sebagai manusia setiap satu daripada kita mempunyai kebebasan untuk meluahkan emosi kita, berpakaian dan menampilkan diri kita ikut pegangan identiti gender kita serta memiliki tingkah laku dan sifat maskuliniti dan feminiti. Tanggapan bahawa gender adalah "dichotomy" adalah ilusi dan hanyalah konstruk sosial semata-mata. Justeru sebagai masyarakat madani kita seharusnya menerima dan menghormati perbezaan identiti gender yang sedia wujud dan bakal wujud mengikut revolusi zaman.

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