...Bible Observation After reading Genesis 1-10 my observation of the reading was that this was one of the beginning stories of man. In addition this was when God created the heavens and the earth including the light, water, land, and creatures. It took God six days to make the earth, and on the seventh day God rested. In addition Adam and Eve were the first two humans that God had created they were the first couple, and first to sin. Adam recognized that Eve was his wife by marriage, and has verse 24 suggested this is the basis for marriages today in the present. In the Garden, the myth tells of how God places a serpent within Eden. The serpent knows that God has given all the fruits of the trees except one. The Tree of the Knowledge of Good and Evil. This particular tree is forbidden to be eaten by man. The serpent is crafty though and gets Eve to think she will be as knowledgeable as God by eating this fruit. She falls into temptation and eats of the tree. She then convinces Adam to also eat. He follows and the result is the final and horrible downfall of man. After Adam and Eve committed the first Sin this was a disobeying by God, and that’s why they had become ashamed of showing their bodies. The serpent is forced to travel on in belly which explains why they were not created with legs. To women, the explanation of child birth and the extremely horrible pains of labor are answered. Woman is also given a place in society as now having to be under the control of man. Women...
Words: 1006 - Pages: 5
...Introduction How exciting it is to open the bible to the book of Exodus and read the narrative of the fulfillment of God’s promise in the rescue of the Israelites from captivity in Egypt—the call of Moses, the plagues, and the dramatic manifestation of God on Mt. Sinai. Though the book of Exodus is most famous for the revelation of the Ten Commandments contained in Chapter 20, it remains vague in terms of where the biblical account actually occurred, and yet we cannot begin to fully understand the Old Testament if we look at it as merely a piece of great literature, or as some have suggested nothing more than interesting legend, or the elaboration of superior ideals. … The Book of Exodus is a narrative of the sacred history of Israel from the sojourn in Egypt to the completion of the Tabernacle in the wilderness. The term Exodus comes from the Greek terminology and literally means “going out,” an appropriate title for the book that narrates how under the leadership of Moses, the Israelites escaped from Egyptian persecution and began their journey back to the Promised Land. To be certain, all human history is the scope of God’s sovereignty. God became especially involved in the lives of a relatively unknown people, culminating a historical event that changed biblical history and altered the course of their lives and culture. When we seek to understand the meaning of our individual life events, we don’t actually begin with birth or infancy, even though a biographical account...
Words: 2839 - Pages: 12
...Christian denominations[->8]. Also referred to as Mosaic Law[->9], Divine Law[->10], Biblical Law, God's Law, or the Books of Moses, the term Old Covenant refers to the statements or principles of religious law[->11] and religious ethics[->12] codified in the first five books or Pentateuch of the Christian Bible[->13]. There are diverse views of the issues involved, with many traditional Christians of the view that only parts are applicable[->14], many Protestants with the view that none is applicable[->15] and a minority with the view that all are still applicable[->16] to believers in Jesus[->17] and the New Covenant[->18]. In Judaism[->19], the first five books are referred to as the Torah[->20], in Hebrew[->21]: תּוֹרָה,[2] and generally translated as "the Law" in English translations of the Bible[->22]. Rabbinic JudaismHYPERLINK \l "cite_note-2"[3][->23] asserts that the Laws of the Jewish Bible[->24] were presented to the Jewish people[->25] and converts to Judaism[->26] and do not apply to gentiles[->27], including Christians, with the notable exception of the Seven Laws of Noah[->28] which apply to all people. Rabbi Emden[->29] of the 18th century was of the opinion that Jesus' original objective, and especially Paul's, was only to convert Gentiles to Noahide Law while allowing Jews to follow full Mosaic Law. Although Christianity affirms that the Pentateuch[->30] is part of Scripture that is inspired of God[->31], Christian tradition, in this case similar to Jewish tradition...
Words: 640 - Pages: 3
...Near Eastern Religions: Polytheistic, but try to conceive one highest god (i.e Marduk in the Babylonian religion) Apsu(Sweet Waters) Ti’amat(Salty Waters) Mumy(Mist) 2. They try to conceive of heaven and hell and idea of reward and punishment. 3. We find a parallel Myth of Flood to the Hebrew Bible story of Noah. But, it is Judaism which becomes 1st monotheistic religion of mankind. Judaism becomes the foundation of prophetic religious tradition in West, thereby we have religions such as Christianity, Zoroastrianism, Islam. Zyandusthia- Middle Eastern God with flood myth, 7 days of rain instead of 40. THE HEBREW BIBLE * Judaism is often associated with the land of Israel, but Judaism is better understood when one studies the Hebrew Bible. * History of Jewish people * Their though * How they lived throughout history. * Written doen as early as 800 B.C.E but final form achieved in 400 B.C.E * Consists of: Torah(Teachings), Nevi’m( Early and Later prophets), Kethuwim (Miscellanous Writings or Everything else) * These three writings are as a short form called T-N-K( ot Tanakh or Tanaka) * The torah is the first of the Hebrew Bible. * It is...
Words: 366 - Pages: 2
...covered in class on the Pentateuch. (2) The nature of covenants, and which OT covenant is which, so far. Here are the handouts the exam will cover: #12.2 Genesis 1–4, Creation & the Fall The exam will not ask about the different views of creation, but the other material is testable. #14 Essential Passages in the Pentateuch #16 Basic Nature of OT Covenants & ANE Treaties #17 Thirteen Propositions Re: . . . Covenants #19.1 Conclusions from the Pentateuch Be able to identify each of the five books we've covered, by way of main events (esp., the covenants), the main characters, and where the books fit into the redemptive-historical context of the Pentateuch. Know which sort of covenant is which (esp. H/O #16), and esp.(!) what are the specific covenants we have seen so far in the OT. What are their features, whom are they with, etc. A few must-know chapters & verses: (These are not the only ones; these are the must-know chapters). Gen 12, 15, 17 & 22 Exod 19, 20 & 24 Exod 34:6 Lev 26:12 Lev 26 Deut 7 Otherwise, be able to identify the chapters in boxes . Other items / ideas we have stressed: Israel's religion and cosmology and cosmogeny (vs.( that of pagan religions. Be able to answer the three questions posed on p. 2 of H/O 12.2. In the prof's assessment (I agree with ESV), what is the first verse of the 2nd account...
Words: 479 - Pages: 2
...loses its effectiveness. If you take extra doses it can be deadly. Timing is important in finance. When you invest in a particular stock and when you sell the particular stock will make the difference between whether you make money or lose it. We, as a society have time indicators hanging on the walls, built into our cell phones, computers, and cars. Timing is everything in today’s world, and society as a whole is very time-oriented. Timing is important in spiritual life as well. It is critical to live life with an acute awareness of God’s predetermined timing for life. The importance of timing is portrayed throughout Ecclesiastes 3:1-15. The book of Ecclesiastes can be examined and interpreted using three different lenses: the world behind the text, the world of the text, and the world in front of the text. Research indicates that the book of Ecclesiastes dates somewhere between 332 BCE and 300 BCE. This particular passage is one that starts in poetry form and transforms into a prose reflection. The overall theme of the passage,...
Words: 3510 - Pages: 15
...Jenna Erickson BIBL 104-D13 04/17/2015 Old Testament Bible Dictionary Project: Exodus/Moses/Sinai Exodus: Exodus is the second book of five in the Pentateuch or Torah of the Old Testament. It is also the second book in the Hebrew Bible, and is known as V’elleh Shemoth, while in the Greek Bible it is known as Exodus, meaning “departure” or “outgoing”. Moses is believed to be the author of Exodus, and it was most likely written during the forty years of wandering in the wilderness, between 1451 and 1491 BC. Then the Lord said to Moses, “Write this as a memorial in a book and recite it in the ears of Joshua, that I will utterly blot out the memory of Amalek from under heaven” (Exodus 17:14). The main themes of Exodus is God’s covenant with the Hebrew nation, and Moses leading the departure of the Israelites out of Egypt. “And God heard their groaning, and God remembered his covenant with Abraham, with Isaac, and with Jacob. God saw the people of Israel—and God knew” (Exodus 2:24-25). A brief summary of Exodus would include the beginning chapters about; the enslaved Israelites, the birth, education and first leaving of Moses, the 10 plagues set about by God, the first Passover, the Israelites departure (Exodus) from Egypt along with the parting of the Red Sea, and the destruction of the Egypt Army. The middle of the book includes; the journey to Mt. Sinai from the Red Sea, the making of the covenant at Sinai and the writing of the Ten Commandments. And the Lord said to Moses...
Words: 1120 - Pages: 5
...Excerpted from Critical Companion to the Bible a Literary Reference Reading the Bible as Literature The Bible was written by many human authors, some of whom are known with certainty and some of whom are disputed. What is more, if you were to ask believing Jews or Christians, they would name a different author of the Bible: God is said to have “inspired” the writing of the Scriptures. The Bible is a religious book, not just for one community of faith, but for several: Jews and Christians of different denominations, including both Catholic and Protestant traditions. These groups disagree as to which books actually belong in the Bible. In addition, over time, several different approaches to interpreting the Bible have been developed by these groups. In this volume, the Bible is examined mainly from a literary point of view. A literary approach to this unique book, however, will only be successful if we are conscious of the fact that it is not to be judged according to the rules of modern literature but rather as a document of the ancient Near Eastern and Jewish-Hellenistic cultures. One Book, Many Books: Which Texts Belong to the Bible The Bible is not a single, unified work but a compilation of individual texts commonly called books. Which books belong to the Bible? This question is answered differently by different religious communities. The Hebrew Bible is the Holy Scripture of the Jews. It contains books originally written in the ancient Hebrew and partly in...
Words: 4457 - Pages: 18
...The Holy Bible contains the mystery to how far the creation of the earth and even the History behind the Holy Bible and this dates back to some 3,500 years ago. “The first five books of the Old Testament is known as the Tora or Pentateuch and these books are named: Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, and Deuteronomy.” The Old Testament contains the recorded history before Christ and many biblical scholars give Moses the credit for writing the Tora and this will date back to 3,000 years BC. Many scholars omit The Old Testament written in Hebrew but the New Testament of the Bible written in Greek. The New Testament dates back to the period around 30 AD. However, many scholars reference this era in History as CE for Common Era. The authors...
Words: 402 - Pages: 2
...The Arguments For And Against The Inerrancy of The Bible D’Angela Carr Liberty University Professor Long Theology 201 The Arguments For And Against The Inerrancy of The Bible The Bible is a collection of writings which consist of sixty six books. These books are divided into two parts, the Old Testament and the New Testament. Testament refers to the covenant between God and his people. 39 of the books are the Old Testament and 27 of them are the New Testament. The Bible also has multiple authors that composed their writings in different time frames. It took over 1500 hundred years to put the final writings together to compose what we know as the finished Bible. The Bible is one of the oldest religious text that date back over 3000 years ago. Around 1450 BC Moses authored the first five books of the Bible, Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers and Leviticus. These first five books are called the Torah or Pentateuch. Around 95 AD, John authored Revelation which is the last book of the Bible. Approximately 1,545 years passed between the first writings and the last. The validity or inerrancy of the Bible is expressed by its ability to withstand the test of time, hold up to extreme scrutiny and ability to predict the future. Test of time Unlike other books or authoritative texts the Bible has multiple authors that wrote in different eras but maintained a continuous theme. Moses and Isaiah both prophesied the coming of the Messiah and were both dead before...
Words: 750 - Pages: 3
...in Hebrew characters, whether the language be Aramaic, Arabic or even some vernacular not related to Hebrew. The literature begins with, as it is almost entirely based upon, the Old Testament. There were no doubt in the earliest times popular songs orally transmitted and perhaps books - of annals and laws, but except in so far as remnants meat- of them are embedded in the biblical books, they have Scrip- entirely disappeared. Thus the Book of the Wars of the Lord is mentioned in Num. xxi. 14; the Book of Jashar in Josh. x. 13, 2. Sam. i. 18; the Song of the Well is quoted in Num. xxi. 17, 18, and the song of Sihon and Moab, ib. 27-30; of Lamech, Gen. iv. 23, 24; of Moses, Exod. xv. As in other literatures, these popular elements form the foundation on which greater works are gradually built, and it is one function of literary criticism to show the way in which the component parts were welded into a uniform whole. The traditional view that Moses was the author of the Pentateuch in its present form, would make this the earliest monument of Hebrew literature. Modern inquiry, however, has arrived at other conclusions (see Bible, Old Testament), which may be briefly summarized as follows: the Pentateuch is compiled from various documents, the earliest of which is denoted by J (beginning at Gen. ii. 4) from the fact that its author regularly uses the divine name Jehovah (Yahweh). Its date is now usually given as about Soo B.C. 1 In the next century the document E was composed, so called...
Words: 9933 - Pages: 40
...Gen 1:1-2:4a World Behind the text Historical and Cultural Context Genesis illustrates the way Biblical writers J (Yahwist), E (Elohist) and P (Priestly) drew upon the cultural and religious legacy of the Ancient Near East (ANE) along with its stories and imagery and transformed it to conform to a new vision of a non-mythological God and a monotheistic, superior religion. “The Pentateuch developed against the background of the Ancient Near Eastern culture first cultivated in and spread by Sumerian, Assyrian, and Babylonian empires”. This exemplifies how Israelite religion, was “shaped by responses to and reactions against this culture due both to contacts with neighboring Canaanites and to conflicts with Assyrian and Babylonian empires”. Genesis 1:1-2:4a can therefore be said to reflect the “Babylonian account of creation, which we call Enuma Elish…known from at least 1700 BCE,” “predating the earliest text of Genesis by at least a millennium.” In both Genesis and the ancient Babylonian myth, water is divided into upper and lower waters. The Enuma Elish is recorded on seven tablets and the Genesis account is completed in seven days. The Babylonians created humans to serve as slaves yet in Genesis God creates humans in the likeness of the divine. The Priestly source penned the creation story with the intent of being a “monumental historiographic composition…with the purpose of portraying both the beginnings of mankind and Israel in the spirit of a monotheistic concept...
Words: 2724 - Pages: 11
...LIBERTY UNIVERSITY BAPTIST THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY Dr. Daniel Warner of the requirements for the completion of the course OBST 510 Old Testament – Introduction to Old Testament by Sheniece Wallace September , 2014 Introduction John N. Oswalt, curiosity about the study of the Bible and theological questions was influenced in the 1960s, during his graduate studies at Asbury Theological Seminary. Followed by further education in Theology, triggered a facet of questions during his time at Harvard Divinity. William F. Albright, a scholar proposed the questions the Israelites of the Old Testament and their reasoning about there beliefs. The radical Prolegomena for Oswalts, book sprung up a multitude of questions for him to consider answering his and humanity questions about the godly ideology in religion culture. His statements questions godly character whether it was wrong , right, or believable. He mentions his hypothesis of revelation: as humans we couldn’t possibly be in control of our own purpose and that we need a higher power to sustain us. Comparison is made between religions of Israelite the and ancient near east; the worship of their deity. The thought of serving one deity, then, why were so many other religions evolved? Subliminally, in my words, questions the Biblical integrity and purpose being accredited to for humans to believe as truth...
Words: 3505 - Pages: 15
...Leviticus is the third of the five books of the Pentateuch that make up the Law or theTorah. Its Hebrew name is Wayyiqva, which is taken from the first chapter, which means “And He called,” emphasizes God’s authority and determine how Israel should worship him. “The English title of this book comes from the Vulgate translation of the LXX, Leuitikon,” However, Leviticus was not written for all the Levites, but for the priests of the family of Aaron, a division of the tribe of Levi. In the book of Leviticus, the Israelites stayed at Mount Sinai for a while. The book begins and ends at the same geographical place, where God gave them the Law. As we learned the book of Exodus concluded with the construction of the Tabernacle according to God’s instruction and was filled with God’s glory. Thus, Leviticus continues to present the order and rules to worship in the Tabernacle to glorify The Lord. Leviticus is the heart of the Pentateuch and a great book of worship. This paper will summarize the book emphasizing on the structure and content of the book, its significance and its main themes, in which a small analysis of the importance and meaning of a chosen...
Words: 656 - Pages: 3
...Old Testament Bible Dictionary Project: Exodus / Aaron / Sinai Exodus is the second book of the five books, known as the Pentateuch or Torah of the Old Testament, dating back to 1445 BC. In the Hebrew Bible it is referred to as Shemoth and the English designation was taken from the Septuagint title, Exodus. Jewish and Christian tradition has believed Moses to be the author, however, controversy arose in the 19th century. It is now thought that it could go back as far as the 6th century during Babylonian exile that the first draft occurred known as the Yahwist. Some key themes, purposes, events, and personalities in Exodus is Moses was born, Moses chosen to lead the Israelites out of Egyptian slavery, and the Ten Commandments where written on two tablets by the hand of God himself. At the birth of Moses Pharaoh feared the growth rate of the Hebrews and ordered all male Hebrew children to be thrown into the Nile. Moses’s mother hid him for three months but when she could no longer hide Moses she constructed an ark and placed it by the river bank. Moses was found by Pharaoh’s own daughter, which she had compassion for Moses, and later adopted him. Later when Moses was 40 years of age (40 years in the wilderness) he encountered God through a burning bush. God spoke to Moses through the burning bush telling him that he was chosen to lead his people, the Israelites, out of Egyptian slavery. The center account master piece regarding Moses is the events that took place at...
Words: 2477 - Pages: 10
