...Do people act against their own interests? The real life situation is significant to us due to a variety of reasons. The internet is significant to us because we are modern day teenagers, who use the internet all day every day, from talking to friends to playing videogames, doing homework and even learning a new skill. When we first encountered our real life situation, we thought that it would be a good topic because it is a very diverse and there are many things that we can discuss. However, this was also a negative because we had to talk about lots of topics in a short amount of time. Therefore, we reduced the topics so that we could focus more on the topics that we already chose. Internet fraud is another part of the internet which shows people acting against their own interests. This is where internet software is used to defraud or take advantage of individuals. Fraudsters can use the internet to obtain personal details of the victim, leading to identity fraud. Also, they can show possible victims products or services, leading to fraudulent transactions. Internet fraud can be used in emails, chat rooms and social networking sites. An example of internet fraud that took place a few months ago was when a father of one from Nottingham wanted to buy the Xbox one for his son. He had seen an Xbox one for sale on eBay. He also looked at the buyer’s reputation which was positive. After giving away £450 of his hard earned cash, he found out that it was only a picture of the...
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...Define an interest group, with examples. Interest groups defined as organized group of people who share common attitudes and interests, and try to influence policy by shaping public opinion, opposing or supporting candidates, and influencing the decisions of government officials. Interest groups seek to represent the views and difficulties of their members. Interest groups known as lobbies; lobbying is one way in which interest groups form legislature and represent the views of their voters to the attention of decision-makers. Many interest groups headquarters are in Washington, D.C. this allows access to legislatures and policymakers. Interest groups can be assembled into several broad categories; Economic, Public, Government, Religious, Civil rights, Ideological, Single-issue....
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...supply and demand for money each depend on the interest rate, we specifically look at how inflation effects supply and demand on money. There are differences of money supply and demand for money; where it comes from and how it’s demanded. Given there are many variables that can effect money supply and the demand for money, we will focus on where it comes from and how inflation effects it. In the book, The General Theory of Employment, Interest, and Money by John Maynard Keynes, he explains liquidity factors in economic interest rates that balance supply and demand for money. There are two different types of interest rate that help explain, in monetary terms, how much borrowers pay for borrowed funds. Generally, during a period of inflation where prices increase, nominal interest can be misunderstood. As the nominal interest rate rises or falls, it can be misleading as to how much the borrower is truly borrowing and how much the lender is receiving. When the borrower repays the principle loan, they lender may not be able to purchase as much goods and services, then when originally loaned. This is because when the loan was initially issued the money was worth more than when the borrower repaid the loan. Once the borrower receives their loan, they should purchase goods and services before prices rise, an inflationary premium. On the other hand, the real rate of interest suggest as inflation occurs, the borrower must pay an interest premium for early availability of funds. This...
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...Assignment 2: Special Interests What Are Special Interests Groups Special interest groups are often referred to as pressure groups, single issue groups, vested interest groups, lobbyist and several other titles. Through there are many names they essentially are all the same meaning; “An organization of people or a “letterhead” organization, sharing a common goal that seeks to influence the making of public policy” (Wilson, 2009, pp. 141). There is a lot of debate as to the negative and practical aspects of interest groups. Interest groups come in forms of Unions, Economic groups, Ideology groups, Social Policy groups or Public interest groups. They exclusively are engaged to influence the president and congress by promoting what values enforced by the government. Interest groups play a vital role in shaping public policies. They are one of four linkage groups which also include the media, elections and campaigns as well as political parties. These groups keep the citizens connected to the government. James Madison explains in Federalist #10 that public views are refined and enhanced "by passing them through the medium of a chosen body of citizens, whose wisdom may discern the true interest of their country..." (Independance Hall, 2008). This was written in the essence of how to mitigate the effects of particular interest groups. It is hard to know what he would think of this design today. Impact on Government in the Creation of Public Policy Special interest groups can have...
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...Define an Interest Group: Through my research I found that there are many definitions of an Interest Group. For example one is from out text book the definition is; An Interest Group is an organization of people or a letterhead organization sharing a common interest or goal that seeks to influence the making of public policy. (Wilson J. Q. (2008) American Government) The term 'interest group' describes the nature of association this work is concerned with. According to Truman, interest groups can be defined as groups that based on one or more shared attitudes, engage in influencing political decision-making, in order to successfully implement certain political goals or values (Truman, 33). They usually, but not always, are formally organized. The relation between interest groups and government and society is an affirmative one, although groups may at times employ destructive methods in order to accomplish their goals. The existing social order is accepted by interest groups, and governmental power and its institutions are utilized to attain advantages, protect members, and to fight political opponents. As you see they all relate to political decision making, political goals, and organization of people. In Washington DC there are nearly seven thousand organizations that are represented by politics. These interest groups are also referred to as Lobby’s or Lobbyists. The textbook we use gives the opinion that interest groups are a group of people with shared ideas...
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...To everybody, friend plays an important part in our life, so topics which involve in friend become more and more common. There is a debate that whether people who have different interests and personalities cannot be friend. From my perspective, I agree that people should make friend with the people who have same interests and personalities. The first reason why I hold this view is that it must be easier for two people to communicate with each other when they have same interests and personalities. On one hand people always focus on what they are interested in, so they will catch all opportunities to understand it, including communication, on the other hand, the chat with tow people who have same interests and personalities can avoid the embarrassment of silent. I will take an example of myself. Once I went out with tow friends, one has the same interests and personalities to me, while the other has diverse interests and personalities from us. From my own feeling, I would like to talk with the former one better. Another aspect can never be ignore is that it is possible for two people with diverse interests and personalities to produce divergence and contradiction. In other words, two people with different interests and personalities may have two ideas to same things, so when they stand in an opposite opinion, their friendship perhaps confront with a big challenge, and this challenge possesses destructiveness. It is really possible to cause their friendship to be end. There...
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...Lobbyist and interest groups have a huge impact in law making. These people try to lure political officials to change their opinion on votes that would benefit these interest groups. These people use money to take these political officials out for dinner and to buy them gifts. Based on government laws this practice is not illegal and it is only legal when the house or the senate is not in session. But overall “lobbyist are salespeople hired to persuade decision makers in the Legislature and in the agencies of the executive branch” (Ramsey 2). There are not many restrictions on interest groups or lobbyist are doing. These interest groups invest millions of dollars into these lobbyist to persuade government officials to get their vote on certain...
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...Tianna Browne December 11, 2014 MA311 Essay: Usury According to the Merriam-Webster Dictionary, usury is the lending of money with exorbitant interest rates. “If you lend money to any of My people, even the poor with thee, thou shalt not be to him as a creditor, neither shalt thou lay upon him interest.” (Exodus 22:24) When it comes to religious beliefs and usury it is seen as something negative. The early teaching of the Church clearly prohibited usury and yet now it seems that this position has changed somewhat. In today’s society, usury is a part of everyday life. People take out loans for school, to purchase cars, houses, etc. For all the money borrowed, ample amounts of interest is placed upon it. From the beginning of time, many Jews were merchants. This provided a base as they began expanding into money lending activities, including usury. In medieval times, it was disapproved of and an immoral act by the Christian church. The act of usury was believed to be a mortal sin, and those who practiced such greed were understood to end in eternal damnation in Hell. The idea of profiting from someone else’s' need for money was believed by medieval Christianity to be the antithesis of compassion, generosity, and charity. Christ was upheld as an example of poverty, non-materialism, and abstinence. Those who had a large quantity of money to lend were obsessed with extreme greed for material things and didn’t need any of those things. Making money for doing absolutely nothing...
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...talk about who they think will be a good fit for the senate and president. They will sit back and analyze all resumes that come in office. Once the people are approved for the running of the position then things start to flow. One of the key topics that every person in office talks about is policy and ways to support many programs. This is where the interest groups fall in place during the run for senate or president. What is a Interest Group According to www.learner.org, an interest group are any organization of people with policy goals who work within the political process to promote such goals. Interest groups try to influence every branch and every level of government. Interest groups may also support candidates for office but they do not run their own slate of candidates. Interest groups are often policy specialists. Interest groups attempt to influence policy in various ways by either Lobbying Government, Engaging in election activities, Educating various publics and Mobilizing various publics. • Lobbying government. Organized interests groups hire representatives to advocate on behalf of he group’s interests. Lobbying activities include contacting members of Congress and the executive branch to disseminate information about the positive or adverse effects of proposed legislation • Engaging in election activities. Interests groups may attempt to influence...
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...Psychological Egoism – the view that all human actions are at their cores pursuit of the self-interest of the agent Ethical Egoism – the ethical position that we should all pursue our own (enlightened) self-interest Altruism (ethical) – people ought to pursue the interests of others Which of these are descriptive and which prescriptive? II. Rachels Egoism challenges two of our basic assumption about morality. 1. that people are obligated to consider the interests of others 2. that people can actually be motivated by a concern for others Psychological egoism challenges the second of these assumptions; ethical egoism the first. The myth of the Ring of Gyges raises both of these challenges. What is the myth? Glaucon's points: 1. The virtuous man would do the same thing as the one without virtue (psychological egoism) 2. And why shouldn't he? What would be his reward, if it is not avoidance of punishment? (ethical egoism) Rachels refutes psychological egoism It is simply a fact that people often act unselfishly. But the psychological egoist will make two sorts of replies to this fact. Arg 1: even when acting unselfishly, the agent is doing what she wants to do. Rachels raises problems for this argument: first, this seems false (why?) second, even if everyone always does what they want to do, what they want to do is not always what is in their own interest Arg 2: the agent derives satisfaction from acting for others, and so her action is still primarily...
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...language associated with this hobby/interest. What do you first notice about the language of the website? This website has a mixture of both moderately formal language with little jargon to having more informal language with more jargon, depending on what page of the website you are on. The more informal page of the website is the ‘Goldy Grail’ page which uses informal words like ‘damn’ ‘gammin’’ ‘crap’ ‘go figure’ and ‘dodged a bullet’ and jargon like ‘ally-oops’ ‘squeegied’ ‘full-pipe’ ‘1-foot to the fakies’ ‘lip slides’ ‘nose grinds’ ‘over-vert stalefish in the pipe’ and ‘hosoi-esque aerials’. Other pages in the website like ‘About us’, ‘Learn to skate’ and ‘Hubs’ use more formal language and less jargon. They use words like ‘collective approach’ ‘collaborate’ ‘subculture’ ‘linkage’ ‘chronicle’ and ‘fundamental platform’. Who is the target audience of this website? What assumptions can you make about age, gender, interests, occupation, aspiration and education? What language features help to convey this? The target audience is for anyone who has an interest in skating on a professional or amateur level. It is most likely aimed at people in high school and older because the lexicon that is used is too complex for younger children. I don’t think that this website is aimed at a particular gender but it would lean more towards males because there are less female skaters. The interests of the occupation of the target audience would be people who are into skateboarding or sport...
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...Political Parties vs. Interest Groups In the United States we have two types of linkage institutions. A linkage institution is a group of people trying to connect the public and the government. One of the linkage institutions present in the U.S. are interest groups. Interest groups are groups of people who share common objectives. Their sole purpose is to influence the policymakers. The second linkage institution present in the U.S. is political parties. Political parties are an ongoing coalition of individuals who organize to win elections, operate the government, and determine policy. Their sole purpose is to become the policymakers. With these two linkage institutions come many advantages in both their favors. For one, interest groups...
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...In China, the concept of ethics is the fundamentally guiding principle for people to adjust the relationship between people, society, and nature, and it is a guideline for people to perform ones duty and responsibility under right behaviors. Everyone has different values, so it is impossible to have a standard ethical guideline for everyone. Especially, people usually have different behavior standard when people meet different situations. For me, initially, I felt like I have two different standards for my family, including my girlfriend and my best friends, and for others, but after I did some researches of types of ethical theories, I feel like my ethical standard is more like the ethical egoism, partially. Ethical egoism states that individuals should do what is in their self-interest, and I really agree with this concept. In my opinion, if I cannot treat myself well, it is ridiculous and meaningless to talk about treating others well, so I always believe that I need to take care my self-interest well when I make a decision and do something. It doesn’t mean that I don’t care about others’ interest. What I believe, and most people agree with, is that I should act and achieve my self-interest, and, at the same time, others also can act and achieve their self-interest. A win-win situation is always the best way in any situation. However, sometimes, the interests of people have conflicts, and, in this situation, I will care about myself more rather than others, as long as I didn’t...
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...The Conflict of Morality and Egoism, in Daily Life and Business The most basic distinction to make between morality and egoism is that morality demands that, at sometimes, you are obligated to do what is not in your self-interest to do. If morality never made these demands, then it would not be anything additional to the doctrine of ethical egoism (always do what is in your self-interest to do). In daily life, people are generally expected to act within moral constraints. Most people would claim that it would be wrong for me to kill an innocent stranger, even if it was in my self-interest to do so. One variable in these types of cases is the law, which is basically an instrument to make moral constrains more self-interested. So, when considering whether or not to kill someone for their money, the threat of lifetime imprisonment or death may make not killing in my self-interest. However, the key in these cases: is there any constraint on me not to kill the person if I could get away with it? Morality would say yes, there is a genuine constraint on my actions that obligates me not to kill the person even if I could get away with it. There are also other ways that morality can stretch beyond legality. There are plenty of things that people would consider immoral, but are not illegal. Cheating on your significant other, for example, is considered immoral even though is not illegal (though it is actually illegal to cheat on your spouse in some states). Where I’m going with this:...
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...WHY IS INTEREST PROHIBITED IN ISLAM ? A STATISTICAL JUSTIFICATION. INTRODUCTION According to Sayyid Qutb (1999), “No other issue has been condemned and denounced so strongly in the Holy Qu’ran as interest.” Interest is one kind of fee charged by a lender to borrower for the use of borrowed money, usually expressed as an annual percentage of the principal. The rate depends on time, value of money, the credit, and risk of the borrower and the rate of inflation. Different economists have given different definitions and interpretations of interest. For example are stated below: * According to Don Patinkin (1972), “Interest is one of the forms of income from property, the other forms being dividends, rent and profit.” * According to Samuelson (1976), “Interest is the price of rent for the use of money.” * According to Abu Saud (1983), “The excess of money paid by the borrower to the lender over and above the principal for the use of the lender’s liquid money over a certain period of time. Riba it is used in the Arabic language means to excess or increase. In Holy Qur’an says, “Allah decreases interest and increases sadaqah.”Islamic point of view, interest means effortless profit which is free of exchange. In today’s world interest is well-known to all of us and has become so institutionalized and accepted in modern economies that it is almost impossible to conceive that an economy can run without interest. Muslims are being forced with arguments in dealing with interest...
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