Free Essay

Peripheral

In: Computers and Technology

Submitted By samaelsix
Words 1333
Pages 6
A peripheral is a piece of computer hardware that is added to a host computer, i.e any hardware except the computer, in order to expand its abilities. More specifically, the term is used to describe those devices that are optional in nature, as opposed to hardware that is either demanded or always required in principle.
The term also tends to be applied to devices that are hooked up externally, typically through some form of computer bus like USB. Typical examples include joysticks, printers and scanners. Devices such as monitors and disk drives are not considered peripherals when they are not truly optional.
Some people do not consider internal devices such as video capture cards to be peripherals because they are added inside the computer case; for them, the term peripherals is reserved exclusively for devices that are hooked up externally to the computer. It is debatable however whether PCMCIA cards qualify as peripherals under this restrictive definition, because some of them go fully inside the laptop, while some, like WiFi cards, have external appendages.
Due to these considerations, the term has somewhat fallen out of modern usage; it was mainly used in the early days of the home computer boom to refer to things like floppy disk drives and modems. Today most devices are integrated inside the computer's case, and external devices typically function on their own such as mp3 players and cell phones.
The term is different from computer accessories: Computer peripheral has a narrow meaning that refers only to the input output devices of a computer, whereas, computer accessories has a broader meaning, that refers, all the parts that support a computer which includes motherboards, sensors, chips, including all the input and output devices.

Common Peripherals

Storage ▪ Removable (Writes/reads portable media) ▪ CD ▪ CD-ROM ▪ CD-RW ▪ CD-R ▪ DVD ▪ DVD-ROM ▪ DVD-RW ▪ DVD-R ▪ HD DVD ▪ HD DVD-ROM ▪ HD DVD-R ▪ HD DVD-RW ▪ HD DVD-RAM ▪ HD DVD/DVD-RW Combo ▪ Blu-ray Disc ▪ BD-ROM ▪ BD-RW ▪ BD-R ▪ BD/DVD-RW Combo ▪ USB flash drive ▪ Tape drive ▪ Floppy disk ▪ Punch card ▪ Non-removable ▪ Disk drive ▪ Disk array controller

Input ▪ Manual ▪ Keyboard ▪ Pointing devices ▪ Mouse ▪ Trackball ▪ Joystick ▪ Touch screen ▪ Gamepad ▪ Power Cord/Transformer ▪ Microphone ▪ Brain-computer interface ▪ Image scanner ▪ Computer terminal ▪ Computer speech recognition ▪ Webcam ▪ Digitizing tablet ▪ Barcode reader

• Output (see also output device, display device, graphical output device, computer display) • Printing • Plotter • Printer • Braille embosser • Sound • Computer speech synthesis • Sound card • Speakers • Visual • Digital Camera • Graphics card • Monitor • Refreshable Braille display • Networking • Modem • Network card • Expansion • docking station • except memory and processor

In computer hardware, a peripheral device is any device attached to a computer in order to expand its functionality (basically input and output devices together are known as peripherals). Some of the more common peripheral devices are printers, scanners, disk drives, tape drives, microphones, speakers, and cameras. Peripheral devices can also include other computers on a network system. A device can also refer to a non-physical item, such as a pseudo terminal, a RAM drive, or a network adapter.

Before the advent of the personal computer, any connected device added to the three base components — the motherboard, CPU and working memory (RAM, ROM, or core) — was considered to be a peripheral device.
The personal computer has expanded the sense of what devices are needed on a base system, and keyboards, monitors, and mice are no longer generally considered to be peripheral devices.

Hardware

Compatibility

Backward compatibility is available with all HD DVD players, allowing users to have a single player to play all types of HD DVD, DVD and CD. There is also a hybrid HD DVD format which contains both DVD and HD DVD versions of the same movie on a single disc, providing a smooth transition for the studios in terms of publishing movies, and allowing consumers with only DVD players to still use the discs. DVD replication companies can continue using their current production equipment with only minor alterations when changing over to the format of HD DVD replication. Due to the structure of the single-lens optical head, both red and blue laser diodes can be used in smaller, more compact HD DVD players.

General purpose computers

HD DVD drives can also be used with a desktop/laptop personal computer (PC) running Windows XP, Windows Vista, Mac OS X v10.5 "Leopard", and many varieties of Linux. Third-party player software for Windows and Linux have successfully played HD DVD titles using the add-on drive. First-party (Apple, Inc.) player software is included with Leopard, making it the first operating system (OS) to ship with native HD DVD playing software, albeit limited to HD DVDs authored by DVD Studio Pro.[57]

Webcam

[pic]

A typical webcam
Webcams (web cameras) are small cameras (usually, though not always, video cameras), whose images can be accessed using the World Wide Web, instant messaging, or a PC video conferencing application.
Web-accessible cameras involve a digital camera that uploads images to a web server, either continuously or at regular intervals. This may be achieved by a camera attached to a PC, or by dedicated hardware. Videoconferencing cameras typically take the form of a small camera connected directly to a PC. Analog cameras are also sometimes used (often of the sort used for closed-circuit television), connected to a video capture card and then directly or indirectly to the internet.

Image scanner | | |[pic]

Image scanner .
In computing, a scanner is a device that optically scans images, printed text, handwriting, or an object, and converts it to a digital image. Common examples found in offices are variations of the desktop (or flatbed) scanner where the document is placed on a glass window for scanning. Hand-held scanners, where the device is moved by hand, have evolved from text scanning "wands" to 3D scanners used for industrial design, reverse engineering, test and measurement, orthotics, gaming and other applications. Mechanically driven scanners that move the document are typically used for large-format documents, where a flatbed design would be impractical.
Modern scanners typically use a charge-coupled device (CCD) or a Contact Image Sensor (CIS) as the image sensor, whereas older drum scanners use a photomultiplier tube as the image sensor. A rotary scanner, used for high-speed document scanning, is another type of drum scanner, using a CCD array instead of a photomultiplier. Other types of scanners are planetary scanners, which take photographs of books and documents, and 3D scanners, for producing three-dimensional models of objects.
Another category of scanner is digital camera scanners, which are based on the concept of reprographic cameras. Due to increasing resolution and new features such as anti-shake, digital cameras have become an attractive alternative to regular scanners. While still having disadvantages compared to traditional scanners (such as distortion, reflections, shadows, low contrast), digital cameras offer advantages such as speed, portability, gentle digitizing of thick documents without damaging the book spine. New scanning technologies are combining 3D scanners with digital cameras to create full-color, photo-realistic 3D models of objects.

Graphics tablet

[pic]

A Wacom Intuos3 graphics tablet.
[pic]

A Wacom Graphire4 graphics tablet.
[pic]

A Gerber graphics tablet
A graphics tablet (or digitizing tablet, graphics pad, drawing tablet) is a computer input device that allows one to hand-draw images and graphics, similar to the way one draws images with a pencil and paper. These tablets may also be used to capture data of handwritten signatures.

A graphics tablet (also called pen pad) consists of a flat surface upon which the user may "draw" an image using an attached stylus, a pen-like drawing apparatus. The image generally does not appear on the tablet itself but, rather, is displayed on the computer monitor. Some tablets however, come as a functioning secondary computer screen that you can interact with directly using the stylus.
Some tablets are intended as a general replacement for a mouse as the primary pointing and navigation device for desktop computers.

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