...forms, including observation of the structure or literary genre of the text (for example, categorising the text as a novel, poem, report or article) or perhaps the particular literary period or movement, which will link all associated texts with underlying principles or stylistic traits, such as the Romantic era or Post-Colonial literature. However, due to a long-standing patriarchal tradition dominating the history of literature- a literary practice challenged and corrected by the rise of the Feminist movement, particularly following the introduction of universal suffrage in 1928- the gender of the author has also become a means by which works may be categorised and interpreted, forcing the modern-day critic to analyse the works of each sex in isolation from one another. Political and social discriminations against women, rising from the historical lack of sexual equality, have also produced long-standing...
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...“We were the people who were not in the papers. We lived in the blank white spaces at the edges of print…We lived in the gaps between the stories.” Discuss the writers’ exploration of female passivity. William Shakespeare, Margaret Atwood and Alfred Tennyson all present female passivity as a deep-rooted, normalised concept that is engrained into the framework of relationships, society and government. Whilst this is seen to remain from the 1600s all the way to the 1980s, there are subtle differences in the portrayal of, attempted reasoning behind and methods used to enforce this passivity, highlighted through analysis of language, structure and context. The writers symbolically use setting to explore links between different aspects of female passivity. Tennyson links public and private spaces and their promotion of female passivity to illustrate societal as well as psychological and domestic examples of passivity. In Mariana, the “rusted” and “crusted” atmosphere of decay is representative of Mariana’s psychological deterioration and the stagnant “blacken’d waters” and “moated grange” act as an obstruction to her integration with the outside patriarchal world. This reflects the wider Victorian attitude regarding the home as “the centre of virtue and the proper life for women” and brings to light the impact that passivity in the greater context of society has on the role she plays in her private relationship. This idea of external influences is echoed much less figuratively...
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...character as the leading role, and there are even fewer female protagonists on the list of the top grossing video games (ESA). This trend of male dominated storylines is evident in other forms of media as well: movies and television shows tend to be centered around men, but video games show the least diversity in protagonists and often have regressive views on women and their position in society. Women make up 20% of console video game players and 46% of computer and mobile game players in this 20 billion dollar a year industry, meaning they are contributing a large amount of profits (ESA). Despite their significant purchasing power, they are not represented equally as characters in games, and continue to be used as a plot device or sexual being to attract the male target audience. Neither are they allowed to be a compelling character with a story arc and personal growth as we see with the male protagonist. Female characters, when included, tend to be one dimensional and only valued for typically how they fit into traditional gender roles by being submissive and innocent. This narrow portrayal of women comes from the fact that the developers of video games are predominantly men. Only 11% of game designers are women and only 3% of programmers, even though it is one of the fastest growing and most profitable fields in the economic market today (Sydell). This small portion of women in the video game workforce also earns significantly less than their male counter-parts- typically around...
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...,The Presentation of male and female sexuality in Nabokov’s ‘Lolita’, Joyce’s ‘Ulysses’ and Carol Ann Duffy’s poetry anthology ‘The World’s Wife’ The themes of sex and sexuality have always remained somewhat hidden by society, concealing a darker unspoken reality which has power to threaten the pure and romantic values of marriage and intimate relationships as well as established gender roles. Despite the alleviation of religious and moral restrictions, sex embodies the warped animal reflection of the exclusively human concept of love, exposing primal desires and ensuring its continued belonging to the realms of the shocking and distasteful, while inadvertently strengthening its power. It is this power that lies at the heart of much modernist literature. The illicit imagery serves as a physical subversion of the dated foundations the writings oppose. Prominent in early modernist work was the theoretical influence of Sigmund Freud, most notably in the case of contemporary writer James Joyce whose literary techniques, such as the stream of consciousness writing in Ulysses, have come to epitomize modernist fiction. Ulysses not only challenges the censors’ attitude to sex, but also what were considered the sexual norms for men and women in pre-war Catholic society. Similarly, Vladimir Nabokov uses sexual deviancy to protest the theoretical ideas implicit in modernist literature through characteristics derived from post-World War II civilisation. The absence of structure or...
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...erian novelJournal of Education and Practice ISSN 2222-1735 (Paper) ISSN 2222-288X (Online) Vol 2, No 4, 2011 www.iiste.org A Study on Gender Consciousness in Nigerian Autobiographical Narratives and Power of the Interview Ogunyemi, Christopher Babatunde Department of English, College of Humanities, Joseph Ayo Babalola University PMB 5006 Ilesa 233001 Osun State, Nigeria. bbcoguns2@yahoo.se Akindutire, Isaac Olusola Department of Physical and Health Education, Faculty of Education University of Ado Ekiti Ado Ekiti. Ekiti State, Nigeria ioakindutire@yahoo.com Adelakun, Ojo Johnson Department of Economics, Joseph Ayo Babalola University, PMB 5006 Ilesa 233001, Osun State, Nigeria joadelakun@yahoo.co.uk Abstract The study explores some self-created metaphors in male autobiographical writings in Nigeria. It visualizes the negation of female gender in art. The paper investigates the dichotomy of language, the use of irony and situational metaphors to displace conventional ones; it blends theories with critical evaluation of discourse. The research uses empirical methods in solving hypothetical questions with the use of extensive and relatively unstructured interviews. It examines the interviews of twenty five people independently, these people include: University lecturers, students, administrative and technical staff. The work analyzes concurrently their interview testimonies to search for congruence. Data analysis begins with a detailed microanalysis in which emergent concepts...
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...friends for their immense mental support and courage to perceive through all sorts of difficulties until this research work was completed. I really feel proud of my honorable respondents who helped me to collect data in regard of my research title. Their helping mind really impressed me. So, I show my deepest sense of respect to them. My supervisor, I thank you for your guidance that brought me to the end of this work. Your politeness & cordial behavior added encouragement to my work. December, 2014 | Roll No:09203219Registration no: 3552Session: 2008-2009MSS, Department of Anthropology | ABSTRACT Being the main force conditioning human relationship, sex is essentially political. In any social context, the construction of a "sexual universe" is fundamentally linked to the structures of power. The construction of sexual meanings, is an instrument by which social institutions (religion, marketing, the educational system, psychiatry, etc.) control and shape human relationships. People define “sexuality” in different ways. Some people define it as sexually motivated behavior. But people all have their own...
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...Although, even with the black community, women are still the proletariat of society and are often forgotten within the narrative of black rights. Alice Walker at the time of publishing was criticised by male critics for her representation of men –Alfonzo, Albert- However, Alice Walker is simply showing the oppression women had to live through every day, a narrative that is often forgotten in history. Through an epistolary form Celie shows us the numerous acts where Celie is forced to do something against her will, at the start Celie herself denies her own existence, she has been oppressed to an extent where she has no self-worth or identity, with the cross out of ‘I am’ she has been lead to think that she...
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...threatened by Dr Flint again by being offered to buy her children’s freedom if Linda agree to live with him as his mistress. Linda refuses him and begins to plan her escape from that time. Linda has spent seven years hiding in her grandmother's attic and this exhibit her extraordinary psychological and spiritual strength. During the seven years, to elude her captors, she has moved several times to different cities within the help by some kind white people. Linda manages not only to survive but also to transcend seemingly insurmountable barriers, showing the difficulty for slave to live, especially women slave. Although some male authors of slave narratives had mentioned that African American women had been enslaved by white men, none of them had shown this subject as directly as Jacobs does. Jacobs not only described the sexual abuse she suffered, but also explained how she uses her sexuality as a means to avoid exploitation by her master. Risking her reputation in the disclosure of such intimate details, Jacobs appealed to a northern female readership that might sympathize with the plight of a...
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...Why is men’s fashion photography redefining the image of the contemporary male and how does it use diverse male sexualities as a tool in advertising? The works of renowned photographers such as Hedi Slimane have a heavy impact on prevailing images of male sexualities in fashion advertising, eventually affecting the image of the ideal male in fashion. Male sexualities in high fashion photography can oscillate between the homoerotic or a dominant hetero-masculinity, thus there is usually no middle ground in fashion advertising, especially where artistic direction takes over. Such advertising targets niche “high fashion” audiences and responds to the popularization of sexual themes in other forms of advertising (and indeed wider media), whilst associating diverse sexualities with artistry. Coding in high fashion advertisements affect, but also respond intuitively to, audience sexual ideologies by deconstructing the concepts of femininity and masculinity that have undergone rapid change in our self-reflective and deconstructing postmodern world. Hedi Slimane’s penchant for androgynous men has significantly heightened popularity for thin male models in the fashion industry. His work usually incorporates explicit concepts of homo-eroticism and femininity inspiring many leading contemporary designers and photographers who saw his designs as radical and surprisingly persuasive” [1]. Indeed, Hedi’s influence on modern fashion aesthetics suggests that “designers everywhere started...
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...Women: A Personal Worldview Narrative An individual’s worldview may originate from how and manner through which knowledge and understanding are offered and obtained. A world view in my opinion, worldview is an introspective view on how everyday activities are color, organized, filtered, and interpreted in regards to personal cultural perceptions. Additionally, my worldview, which continues to develop, is an interpersonal process, which began when I was a young man in rural society of Africa and subsequently in civilized society of Europe, Asia and America. Thinking about the concept of worldview found me rendering deep thoughts about my life so far. Why? One may ask; well, the total sum of my worldview is directly and indirectly shaped by the different assumed and certain roles women plaid in my life. These experiences gave me a unique interpretation of the world. Fifteen years was the age I realized that my culture is one that discriminates against women. It is a culture where women are viewed as property and used only to satisfy the sexual libido of their male counterparts; a culture where women has no opinion either in the family or society, except for that of their husband if married and father’s if unmarried; and finally a culture where female genital cutting is still practiced. Ultimately, there is no potential for women to actually have and fulfill a dream. In such culture, there were three women-my mother, and two grandmas. Domestic violence, abusive behavior, and...
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...means the union of a man and a woman to the exclusion of all others voluntarily entered into for life * Men and women… without any limitation due to race, nationality or religion have a right to marry and found a family…entitled to equal rights…(Article 16; UDoHR) 2. RESTRICTIONS AS TO MARRIAGE * S 88E – Cannot marry overseas (same sex) and return and legally register marriage (Marriage Act) 3. ELEMENTS OF MARRIAGE * Dwelling under the same roof, sex, mutual society and protection, recognition of marriage in public and private relationships (Todd and Todd) 1. ONE and ONE woman – monogamous mature (serial polygamy is permitted – remarriage after a former marriage has been dissolved) i. S 6 FLA – Polygamous relationships entered outside of Australia, shall be deemed to be a marriage when changing domicile to Australia 2. HETEROSEXUAL (Corbett v Corbett) 3. FOR LIFE 4. VOLUNTARILY ENTERED INTO 4. LEGAL IMPLICATIONS OF MARRIAGE * Entitled to certain rights and owe legal responsibilities a) DETERMINE “TRUE SEX” i) CORBETT AND CORBETT a. Chromosomal: XY Male b. Gonadal: Male (testicles prior to operation c. Genital: Male (prior to operation WHAT YOU ARE AT BIRTH IS WHAT YOU ARE ii) RE KEVIN a) Peers and family considered him to be male b) Identified himself (since a young boy at male) c) Underwent irreversible...
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... . . : Quitting and Other Forms of Resistance to Workplace Bullying Pamela Lutgen-Sandvik Adult bullying at work is an unbelievable and, at times, shattering experience, both for those targeted as well as for witnessing colleagues. This study examines the narratives of 30 workers, some of whom where targeted and all of whom saw others bullied. Their responses paint a complex picture of power in bullying situations that reframe the ‘‘power-deficient target’’ into agents who galvanize a variety of resources on their own or others’ behalf but also place them at considerable risk. In some cases, employees evaluate the abusive situation and quickly resign. Others protest but, if resistance fails to stop abuse, they also leave organizations. The paths of resistance, case outcomes, and dialectic nature of resistance and control are discussed. Keywords: Workplace Bullying; Verbal Aggression; Organizational Communication; Resistance; Power Adult bullying at work is a shocking, frightening, and at times shattering experience, both for those targeted and for onlookers. Workplace bullying, mobbing, and emotional abuse*essentially synonymous phenomena*are persistent, verbal, and nonverbal aggression at work that include personal attacks, social ostracism, and a multitude of other painful messages and hostile interactions. Because this phenomenon is perpetrated by and through communication, and because workers’ principal responses are communicative in nature, it is vital that communication...
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...Name Professor Class Date Unit 3: Values and Worldviews- A Raisin in the Sun Essay Structure Template Introduction Lawrence, D.H. The Rocking Horse winner. 1st English Edition. Harper Collins Canada According to the book of “The Rocking-Horse Winner" by D.H. Lawrence” talks about a young boy named Paul. Thus, Paul acknowledges that there is never sufficient money in his folks; he goes out to search for money through luck. Therefore, he notices that if he rides his rocking horse speedy enough, he will some way “discover” the label of the captivating horse in the subsequent race. Among the subtopics derived from this book do include of; lust for money, lack as well as the obsession for material items. BGS: Broad general statement The book mainly describes lack as the general topic because it is seen that Paul is normally lucky in the” Rocking-Horse Winner”. Thus, to be triumphant in the community Paul as well his mother dwells in; Paul wishes to have a definite quantity of luck to survive presently and after. Subtopics 1. Lust for money: the paper tries to augment on how Paul’s mother was soo obsessed with the money issues. 2. Lack: the paper will augment more concerning how lucky Paul was when it came to the “Rocking-Horse Winner”. 3. Obsession for material Items: the paper augments on how Paul’s mother is obsessed with material wealth as well as items. Thesis Regarding the thesis...
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...women it is a curse to be beautiful and that makes them more likely to become the objects of their masters' lusts. When she addresses how hard it is to be beautiful in a hostile environment, where her mistress envies her and her beauty, I was touched and it made me to remember how hard it is too be free and wear and act as I’ve always wanted to be. Another reference that I would like to cite is the short story “Sweat” by Zora Neale Hurston. Here the female character of Delia suffered psychological and physical violence at the hands of her husband. She was usually threatened by Sykes, the husband, showing how much he hated her. These stories show both the slavery and the maltreatment towards black women and how the content of these two narratives are reflected in our Chilean society. This connection is remarkably similar, even though the years have changed and passed. In Chile, there exists a misconception of how men and women have to behave. Men are the ones who work and generate income for the family. They are allowed to disrespect women, to mistreat them and to hit them, if they think this is necessary. The figure of the protective and chauvinist man is present as a reality in my country. It is said to be protective because when a man watches over you, he is saving you. Instead, the truth is that he is an image of jealousy, rage and disrespect. On the other hand, women are the ones who need to be careful with what they say, what they do and what they wear. If a woman is confident...
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...religion to her very life. The attributes of Cho-cho-san are not exclusive to this character only but imposed on all Asian women. The western presupposition of some certain fixed and bounded Asian attributes defines the identity of Asian women and thus, creates an image of the sacrificial and submissive Oriental women. Moreover, the historical backgrounds of Hwang’s Butterfly and Puccini’s Butterfly are, in fact, the extension of gender tension to international power struggle. Cho-cho-san’s love story happens in the Meiji Period in which Japan first opened its door to foreigners; while Gallimard and Song Liling begins having an affair in the 1960s, in the midst of Cold War. Hwang’s M. Butterfly parodies Puccini’s Madama Butterfly by reversing the conventional narrative on the gender identities and the power relationship between the West and East. In other words, M. Butterfly dissolves the constructed identities of male and female as well as projects the shifting gender identities onto the fluidity and mobility of the East/West power relations....
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