...Introduction to Personality PSY/405 December20, 2010 Abstract There are all types of intelligence that influences many different areas of an individual’s personality in so many different ways. The fact that intelligence can sometimes be considered as a part of personality. These issues of personality have been debated over time. Some of the main points are to bear in mind for that both intelligence and personality is a prominent of individuals many differences. Therefore, personality cannot be so easily defined in individuals. Therefore, personality can be referred as our many attempts to capture and to summarize all individual essences. Personality therefore is known as personality, in which this is the science for describing and for understanding individuals. After saying this, personality is also known as a coring area of studies for different types of psychology. So putting these together within intelligence, these topics of personality can have a constitution for most of the significant areas of individual’s differences within studies. Introduction to Personality There is not a chance for two people to be exactly the same and not even identical twins are the same. Some individuals are anxious, some individuals like the idea of risk-taking; some individuals are phlegmatic, some individuals are very high-strung; some individuals are very confident, some individuals are very shy; some individuals is very quiet, and some individuals is loquacious...
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...Introduction to Personality Deanna Guarino-Embry PSY/405 August 12, 2013 Les Binnix Introduction to Personality The fluidity of personality makes the subject difficult to pinpoint and define. The perception of personality continues to fill psychological literature and study with widespread research and theory. Personality is the continuous presentation of attributes and distinctions that contribute to variety in human thought and behavior (Feist & Feist, 2009). To enable more precise understandings of such differences and distinctions, psychological theorists develop explanations and parameters from various contexts. Psychoanalytic, humanistic and/or existential, dispositional, and learning theories help psychologists account for why and how people develop such individual and specific characteristics. They study these characteristics and the significant affects that the characteristics have on human development, as well as, the whole of human nature. Personality Defined According to Feist,& Feist (2009) personality is a global concept referring to a relatively permanent pattern of traits, dispositions, or characteristics that give some degree of consistency to a person’s behavior. Feist & Feist (2009) also wrote "Although no single definition is acceptable to all personality theorists, we can say that personality is a pattern of relatively permanent traits and unique characteristics that give both consistency and individuality to a person's behavior...
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...Personality Danielle Taliaferro PSY 211 June 5, 2013 Andrea Mc Lellan, MA, MFT Personality The study of personality is one of the major topics of interest within psychology. Each of us, as human beings, influences much that is within us and around us. Each person has many psychological attributes; feelings, thoughts and motivations. It is our personality that orchestrates our psychological qualities. Some individuals cannot help but wonder how the personality works, how it came to be and what it might mean for their future. Some also wonder about the personalities of others; how they are the same or different from them. Although these questions are intriguing, the question that must be answered first is the most basic: “What is personality?” Personality encompasses the many characteristics that arise from within an individual. It is what makes an individual unique. Researchers have developed four different perspectives on personality. Each of these perspectives attempts to describe different patterns in personality, including how these patters form and how people differ on an individual level. Psychoanalytic Perspective emphasizes the importance of early childhood experiences and the unconscious mind. This perspective was created by psychiatrist Sigmund Freud who believed that things hidden in the unconscious could be revealed in a number of different ways, including through dreams, free association and slips of the tongue. Freud’s work shaped the fields of clinical...
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...Introduction to Personality Sarah Lopez PSY 405 May 21, 2012 Karen Lundstrom Introduction to Personality Personality seems like such a straight forward concept. Any one asked could most likely tell you what they perceive personality to be. Simply stated, personality is what makes a person individual. It is the behaviors and attitudes put forth that one can define a person by in regards to what kind of person they are. What is it exactly that defines personality and how is that definition determined? Many different viewpoints and theories exist but all concede that personality is unique to each individual and no two are ever the same. Defining personality The term personality is thought to have derived from the Latin word persona which was a theatrical mask worn by Roman actors during Greek dramas (Feist & Feist, 2009, p. 3). This simple definition of the word does not hold much weight in comparison to the detail of definition personality has in the field of psychology. Personality is an intricate pattern of traits and characteristics that make up one’s overall behavior (Feist & Feist, 2009). Traits are more inherent, consistent and stable qualities as opposed to characteristics which can grow or change with time and influence such as one’s intelligence and temperament (Feist & Feist, 2009). Personality is the unique and individual way one thinks, feels, acts and deals with life. Theoretical approaches to study personality There are various...
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...Running Heading: The Human Personality one The Human Personality Mary Gonzales June 24th, 2012 PSY/405 Angela Snelling The Human Personality two The Human Personality People often wonder why other people do what they do, whether or not people have the ability to shape their own personality, and why people are so different. There are individuals that are predictable and others that are completely unpredictable, and what exactly controls or is a factor in ones personality. For centuries scientists, philosophers, psychologists, and theologians pondered the nature of human beings, or wondered if people have a common basic nature. There have been many psychologists who researched and developed different theories about what traits or characteristics are apart of ones personality, how a personality develops, what contributing factors influence or determines an individuals personality, and this text is written to explain all these elements as best as possible what the human personality is and how it is formed. What is Personality ? Personality has no singular definition, however theorist do agree that personality is a pattern of permanent traits and characteristics that are both consistent and personal to a individuals behaviors. A persons characteristics are unique qualities that one has that sets them apart from everyone else, be it their...
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...Personality Analysis: Humanist/Existential and Learning Theories Learning theory is defined as the process by which humans learn or how they accommodate a relatively permanent behavioral change or its potential (Feist & Feist, 2000). Learning theories within this analysis are Skinner's behaviorism, Bandura's social cognitive theory, Rotter and Mischel's cognitive social theory, and Kelly's psychology of personal constructs. Humanism and existentialism theories of Rogers, May, and Maslow adopt a holistic approach to psychological health and human existence by determining meaning, values, tragedy, personal experience and responsibility, human potential, spirituality, and self-actualization (Colman, ed., 2010). Combining the knowledge of both learning and humanist/existential theories paints a broad picture of human nature and personality as it develops by reaction to the external environment, especially within the social framework while accommodating the powerful affects of one's own internal climate. Personality as it Affects Situational Behavior According to learning theory, individuals behave according to the reciprocity of environmental, cognitive, and behavioral conditions. Personal beliefs of whether or not they can accomplish the task influence people's ability to do so. Bandura (1997) calls this expectation self-efficacy. He believed the strength of personal efficacy heavily influences how an individual reacts in a given situation. However, even though a...
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...Cognitive Personality Approach Introduction Psychology definition is the study of the human mind and human behaviors. It is an theoretical discipline and is applied science in which seeks the understanding of individuals and groups by establishing overall principles, along with researching specific form of cases. There are many different approaches to psychology such as humanist, behavioral, and cognitive. One must understand the cognitive approach before truly understand the cognitive personality approach. Cognitive psychology “is the scientific investigation of human cognition, that is, all our mental abilities – perceiving, learning, remembering, thinking, reasoning, and understanding”(Lu & Dosher, 2007, p. 1). As the term ‘cognition’ comes from the Latin word “cognoscere”. Cognitive psychology is the study in which how people obtain and apply knowledge or information to their everyday lives. It is a modern form that includes a set of new technologies in the field of psychological science. The study of human cognitive is traced back to Aristotle De Memoria in Hothersall in 1984. The overall concept of cognitive psychology began with the cognitive approaches to psychological issues in the late 1800’s and early 1900’s with the work of Wundt, Cattell, and William James. It claimed the first half of the approach during the 20th century with the behaviorism approach in cognitive psychology. Within this dissertation it will be covering different aspects of cognitive personality...
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...Psychological and Psychiatric Foundations of Criminal Behavior. Within this paper, every aspect from theories to what the law states when it comes to this state will be addressed. Criminal Behavior Doctor Leon Eisenberg once stated, "...persons who are seriously mentally ill are far more likely to be the victims of violence than its initiators." (Campbell) Yet how true is that? When it comes to mental illness, there have been several violent crimes that have been committed, and been blamed on mental illness. There are several shows for entertainment such as the show “Criminal Minds”, that attempts to bring a reality and understanding to mental illness and criminal behavior. This show gives a reality to the fact that people can be simply mentally ill and not simply criminals. In early society times, people simply did not take mental illness into account. It was thought that people, regardless of their mental state, should be accountable for their actions. Yet, in today’s society, this is not the case. Due to research and a better developed country, citizens are given an opportunity to show that their mental state was not steady when they committed a crime. So, what is it then, which motivated a person to kill or maim another? How can a person kill someone else, or a numerous amount of people, with no remorse? These questions and several others are ones that through time psychologists have attempted to answer within the ideas of behaviorism. Yet, how does this affect the legal...
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...experience it only in the ways their internal structure allows. On the other hand, social constructionism deemphasizes individual knowledge construction and instead stresses that human understandings spring from ongoing relationships. Through discussion and interaction with each other, people negotiate and reach consensus about what is real and true. Discourses, defined as ways of talking about reality, shape human experience. As people use discourses in novel ways over time, shared constructions of reality evolve. Whether individually or socially focused, constructivist theories stress human involvement in knowledge construction, maintaining that people can only know the world indirectly via their constructions. SEE ALSO Constructivism; Personality; Psychoanalytic Theory;...
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...Introduction to Personality PSY/405 Introduction to Personality The purpose of this paper is to define and examine the aspects of the personality types that encompass an individual. The word personality evolves from the Latin word persona. The definition that is used in modern times does not mention the possibility of the false appearance of an individual but tends to focus on that of observable behavior. This behavior is described through the traits and characteristics that each human being displays. Traits can be used as an accountability feature for any consistent behavior displayed by a person over time. The characteristics have the ability to explain those attributes that are shown only by that certain person. These can include intelligence and temperament. Theoretical Approaches to Personality Study The process of studying the personality side of psychology weighs heavy on the basic human nature idea that a person will find what makes them tick through their viewpoints, perspectives and the ideas that person possesses. There are six dualistic dimensions that human nature deals within psychology. They are determinism versus free choice, pessimism versus optimism, casualty versus teleology, conscious versus unconscious determinants...
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...Personality is a set of traits and characteristics that relate to a person's emotions, motivations, interpersonal interactions, and attitudes. Personality is different from ability. Personality is meaningful to management, because employees' personalities may dictate how well they perform their jobs. Personality may indicate how hard a person will work, how organized they are, how well they will interact with others, and how creative they are. Personality is a trait. That is, personality is enduring and unlikely to change substantially in one's adult life. Because personality is a trait, this also means that a person is likely to behave similarly in a variety of situations. This does not mean that a person cannot or will not adapt to a change in circumstances, but that, on average, a person demonstrates similar personality across all situations and may behave differently from those with dissimilar personality characteristics. In recent years, more organizations have been using self-reporting personality tests to identify personality traits as part of their hiring or management development processes. Employers recognize that experience, education, and intelligence may not be the only indicators of who the best hire might be. Additionally, understanding one's own personality characteristics may improve one's ability to develop as an employee and manager. Therefore, it is important to understand the different facets of personality and the ways in which they can be measured. There...
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...Personality Analysis: Humanist/Existential and Learning Theories Melanie Gruber PSY/405 Chalice Jenkins March 25, 2012 Personality Analysis: Humanist/Existential and Learning Theories When it comes to the definition of learning theories, it is often described as the process in which human beings learn. This also includes how an individual adapts to a relatively permanent behavioral change with a constant reminder of its potential (Feist & Feist 2000). The most noteworthy learning theories within this analysis include Bandura’s social cognitive theory, Skinner’s behaviorism, Rotter and Mischels cognitive social theory and lastly, Kelly’s psychology of personal constructs. Carl Rogers was known for his humanistic and existentialism theories while May and Maslow were able to adopt a holistic approach. This method was able to determine psychological health and human existence by means of value, responsibility, personal experience, spirituality, human potential and self-actualization (Colman, ed.,2010). Within the combined knowledge of learning and humanistic/existentialism theories, we are able to thoroughly understand the nature of human beings along with their developing personalities. Each stem from a reaction to external environments especially within the social structure; this is known to accommodate the prevailing affects of an individual’s own internal climate. Personality as it Affects Situational Behaviors Cognitive, environmental, and behavioral conditions...
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...think, feel, and do in and around organizations. organizations Groups of people who work interdependently toward some purpose. organizational effectiveness A broad concept represented by several perspectives, including the organization’s fit with the external environment, internal subsystems configuration for high performance, emphasis on organizational learning, and abil-ity to satisfy the needs of key stakeholders. open systems A perspective which holds that organizations depend on the external environ-ment for resources, affect that environment through their output, and consist of internal subsystems that transform inputs to outputs. Internal Subsystems Effectiveness According to the open systems perspective, an organization’s effectiveness isn’t just its fit with the external environment. Effectiveness is also how well the company internally transforms inputs into outputs. organizational efficiency The amount of outputs relative to inputs in the organization’s transformation process. structural capital Knowledge embedded in an organization’s systems and structures. relationship capital The value derived from an organization’s relationships with customers, suppliers, and others. high-performance work practices (HPWP) A perspective which holds that effective organizations incorporate several workplace practices that leverage the potential of human capital. stakeholders Individuals, groups, and other entities that affect, or are affected...
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...Discuss Culture and Quality 1.0 Introduction As the world becomes more global each day, the borders among countries have started to disappear. The integration between nations highlights the importance of ‘culture’ in almost every aspects of human life. Today, people, companies and even governments shape and orient their acts correlated to this interaction process. Increased impact of national identity leads companies and marketers to build up unique strategies in order to be successful worldwide. The biggest reason of this is the different needs and expectations of people in different countries. Every culture has distinctive norms and values which have shaped the perception of customers for years. Nowadays, the concept of perceived product quality is increasingly becoming more important on the minds. Although there are a lot of definitions, each of them are defined as common meaning; that is, quality is basically ability to meet the customer’s needs and expectations. Perception of quality varies from person to person and even from culture to culture. Therefore, the national identity and cultural values and norms might have an important role on the customers’ quality perception. Even if all the features and the prices of the product are same, it can create different opinions and perceptions in different countries and cultures. How may culture affect the ‘product quality perception’ of consumers? 1.1 Culture ‘Without culture, and the relative freedom it implies...
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...Personality scales at work Introduction: A considerable amount of literature has described that there are significant differences among employees, especially the personality characteristics. In fact, there are substantial divergence of opinion within different psychological schools about how to define personality, this paper will use the definition first suggested by G.W Allport（1961）saw it as ‘the dynamic organization within the individual of those psychophysical systems that determine his characteristic behavior and thought’. According the research of Funder, D C(2001), the objective of personality psychology is to help people to be distinguished from others. So personality researches not only can help an individual find the best suitable job, but also help leaders find a better way to manage and organize the people. This essay will introduce the history and current research of employee selection and two central controversies:(a) who can get benefits and (b) what are the limitations of current research. Background: Individual differences in personality in western cultures can be traced back at least 2000 years to the ancient Greek doctors Hippocrates and Galen(Mcadams, 1997). The formal establishment of Personality psychology in the social science marked by the publication of Allport ’ s Personality in the 1937. In his own theorizing, the wholeness of a person should have eight dimensions:(1) the sense of bodily self , (2) self-identity , (3) self-esteem, (4) self-image...
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