...STOCKHOLMS GASTRONOMICAL LANDSCAPE THROUGH A SOCIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE A COMPARISON BETWEEN 1950-60s AND 2000s NORRA REAL Oskar Åkerstrand ENGLISH COURSE C SPRING 2013 Abstract Food and especially gastronomy is something that has always interested me. Because of my interest of cuisine I chose to write a paper about restaurant culture in Stockholm. My goal was to write about the restaurant life in Stockholm through a sociological perspective, with politics and economics as the main perspectives. Because of time limits I was needed to narrow my view of the restaurant world to two timeframes, from 1955-1965 and 2002-2012. The study is mainly based on literature analyses and attempts to find connection between economical and political events and events in the restaurant world. Through the analysing of literature pertinent to my subject I’ve found that the restaurants and it’s life is highly dependant on it’s society, some changes are of course panoptic but there are certain changes in the political landscape and the economy that has indeed influenced the restaurants. It is important to recognize that we can’t discuss about Stockholm’s restaurant life isolated when there has been major changes in society. Some changes are general for the whole society as well as the country. Keywords Gastronomy, Restaurant life, Sociology Introduction Question Can the development of society mirror on to the restaurant scene of Stockholm regarding array of cuisines,...
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...the Lesser Antilles, it is located north/northeast of the island of Saint Vincent, northwest of Barbados and south of Martinique. The countries total area is 617 km2, putting that into perspective with Australia being 7.692 million km², it is a fairly small country. In addition its capital is Castries. Saint Lucia was inhabited sometime between 1000-500 BC, by Ciboney people, but there in not much evidence of their presence on the island. The first inhabitants called the island Iouanalao, which meant 'Land of the Iguanas' as the island's high number of iguanas. The peaceful male arawaks that roamed the island were...
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...the weather. People in Europe and around the world are not going to vacation at a spot where the weather is going to be unpredictable. France gets cold in the winter, therefore going to Disney World in Orlando would be more logical. It will be cheaper and the weather is going to be decent for whenever you choose to go. The French culture did not like the American Fairy-tale characters. The French had their own fairy-tale characters; one even has a park located near EuroDisney. Starting up a company internationally is an extremely hard task. Researching the culture of the country in which the company is going to be located is extremely important. When the plans to bring EuroDisney to Paris were finalized, they should have begun extensive research on the culture and history of France. By not doing that Disney may have insulted the French, but more so they hurt their chances of making money. The whole Disney idea was not sitting well with the French people. For example, during a trip to France in 1989 Michael Eisner was hit with eggs by a French columnist. When a culture shows somebody this much disrespect, take it as a hint and disappear. The French people were extremely upset at the thought of having an American tourist attraction arrive onto their land. When Japan got Disneyland they welcomed it with open arms and lots of love. The people there loved the attraction and...
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...managed to succeed as a global competitor from within the confines of an emerging economy? Advantages and disadvantages Embraer has derived from the Brazilian context. Strong government support created competitive advantages in the aircraft industry and led Embraer to become a global player. As a factor condition in the determination of national competitive advantage by Porter (Exhibit 1), the government established an environment where Embraer was able to procure raw materials easily through no tax or duty on imports. To support Embraer’s business, related and supporting industries were developed by the Brazilian government setting aeronautics as a priority to grow the nation’s economy. The government tried to develop this industry not only for military needs but also for the civilian sector, so the company enjoyed special privileges such as being the supplier of choice for Federal agencies. These led to the successful entry into the U.S. market through certification from the U.S. FAA, resulting in Embraer capturing a major share of the commuter turboprop market. Advantages: • Embraer’s most profitable years came after the company was privatized with approval from the government in December 1994. In addition to increased flexibility, the privatization allowed Embraer to reduce the workforce and introduce organizational changes such as revamped incentive structures. • The Brazilian economy provided Embraer with lower labour costs (e.g. $10/hour lower cost for engineers...
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...two main categories: country-based theories and firm-based theories. Country-based theories view business in a macro perspective from a point a view of a nation and focus on trading phenomenon particularly in exports and imports. While firm-based theories are modern theories that emerged after the Second World War as it views business in a micro perspective from the angle of a firm. Despite the different perspectives of firm-based theories and country-based theories, they are interlinked and complement each other. The firm-based theories were developed from classic country-based theories and supported with empirical research. Country-based theories are international business theories that argue on the evolvement of business since the 16th century. The theories are classical theories that derived from an economic perspective. There are 4 theories involved in country-based theories. They are Mercantilism Theory, Absolute Advantage Theory, Comparative Advantage Theory and Heckscher-Ohlin Theory. Firm-based theories attempt to explain business phenomena related to international trade. Mercantilism theory was the first theory of international business that emerged in England in the mid of 16th century. The principal affirmation of the theory was its gold and silver were the mainstays of national wealth and essential to dynamic business. It was a political economy system that aimed to generate wealth by limiting imports and encouraging exports. Under this theory, the economic growth...
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...Chapter One Canadian Constitution * THE MOST IMPORTANT DOCUMENT IN CANADA!!!!!!!!!!! * Has the roles of ALL levels of the government and describes how they work together * Governor General * Executive * Legislative * Judicial * Also has things like ooooh, the Charter of Rights and Freedoms British Monarch * The governor general is the Queen’s representative here in Canada * They are the formal head of state * So no real power… * Considered part of the executive and legislative branch The Executive Branch * Prime Minister and the Cabinet are part of the executive * To become PM, you have to lead a political party and win the most seats in the HofC * The cabinet is chosen by the PM and they come from his political party * Makes most laws and goes through the process to enact them * Basically runs the government through the days * Cabinet ministers are given portfolios that they are responsible for * They research issues and help to propose laws from their portfolio * Ex. Agriculture, justice, foreign affairs are types of portfolios * Each cabinet runs their own affairs which is the day to day activity of the government. * Each cabinet minister has their own staff to help them Political Parties * Whoever has the most seats leads the government * Candidates run for election, party with most votes form government * Are considered organizations...
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...Effects of credit crunch/policy within the last ten years on political economy decisions in two countries: the UK and France. Introduction: The UK and France are two leading Western European countries having the fifth ($2.9 trillion) and sixth ($2.8 trillion) largest economies respectively. They are both apart of the European Union in which France was a founding member with the UK later joining in 1973. It presently gives them the opportunity to have a single market with all twenty-eight-member states. But their similarities do not stop there with both countries sharing similar statistics in population (UK – 64.1m, France – 66.3m) as well as a similar labour force of around 30 million. However, there are several major differences between the two countries including the currencies they use; France adopted the euro in 1999 whilst the UK opted out of the Maastricht Treaty retaining the British Pound. But the most interesting difference is the way each country handles their economic policy in such contrasting fashion. This paper looks to show which policies were implemented by each government and the economic theories behind them. Political Economy Comparison: 1) State Ownership UK * The David Cameron administration since 2010 has been fast to privatise and sell off state owned companies. They have recently given an IPO to Royal Mail and are keen to sell other assets including its equity in URENCO. Furthermore, from early January ‘under a new Treasury scheme, members...
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...When the war was raging on, the economy in Canada improved and companies received some good profits, but over time, workers began to feel undervalued and under credited. While companies, corporations and higher ups were making a pretty profit from the war, the workers were working hard earning low wages in poor working conditions. Near the end of WW1, labour activism in Canada became much more radical and progressive. In Winnipeg, western labour leaders formed the One Big Union (OBU), with the goal of opposing the government and the Trades and Labour foundations who were allowing such disagreeable conditions. Thousands of workers joined the OBU, despite unions being illegal at the time. Not long after this, much like the conscription crisis, riots and strikes broke out. In May...
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...topic. For instance, the “French feminists tended to focus their attention on language, analyzing the ways in which meaning is produced” (Feminist Criticism 296). The French feminist critics believed that language is a “realm for public discourse” (Feminist Criticism 297). Since the French communities are male-dominated, the language privileges the masculine individuals. The French feminist critics found out that most of the French language are associated to values that are accepted by the masculine culture. Though, the feminist critics discovered a solution. “There is another possibility, namely, that women can develop a feminine language” (Feminism Criticism 297). The new feminine language refuses to engage in any masculine discourse. The language is also expected to allow female writers to associated feminine writing with the female writing. In the past, the woman’s body sexual pleasure has been diminished or debunked by men. Many feminist critics believe that a new feminine language for the French women, will not only make socializing more respectable for women, but will give them the power and confidence to take back their bodies and image. Though, above all, if those French feminist critics would not have tried to solve for misogyny in the same way British feminist critics are solving for feminism in British countries- because the misogyny isn’t one-dimensional. British feminist critics focus on the political conditions experienced by women. French women saw a major issue...
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...same task than workers in foreign countries, like India. On the contrary, many corporations believe that in the long run, outsourcing can benefit the American economy. That by outsourcing to non-developed or developing countries, we enable them to improve their economies. That by exporting products and services to be made in foreign countries we are lowering the prices of those products and services to be made in foreign countries we are lowering the prices of those products for the American people, and at the same time helping foreign nations. Industries and companies are reaching out across the world. Capgemini, a French IT company has branched out to many different countries over the years. Sodexo, another French company, is a global food service industry, expanded to countries such as the United States, Africa, and other countries. Computer Science Corporation started in the United States and has expanded to nations around the globe. Intercomp, A Russian company, began outsourcing several years ago, and is now Russia’s number one outsourcing company. With so many business outsourcing in other countries, to save money the labor force is constantly shifting. A common barrier to trade are government subsides to a particular industry, in order to create a cheaper production rate of that product in the American economy, rather than...
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...3. Did the Atlantic Revolutions fulfill or betray the goals of those who made them? Consider this question in both short and long-term perspectives. Although the Atlantic Revolutions helped gain some semblance of independence, it strayed away from the initial goals the regions had wanted. Although North America managed to gain freedom from British rule, its colonies were still constructed the same. Social transformation did not occur, even though many citizens thought that they were creating a “new order for the ages” within the society. This conservative movement achieved the existing liberties of the colonies instead of making new ones. The French Revolution focused their efforts to create a new society of social equality and remove the presence of monarchy. And although the country became a republic and passed universal male suffrage, it was never implemented any further. The gender roles of during the French Revolution were not fully supported by the male population, even though women sought to become more active in the major events of the revolution....
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...Crisp, C. (1993). The classic French cinema: 1930-1960. Bloomington: Indiana Univ. Press. Purchase and consumption of many products such as furniture all go up by large percentages but one thing that the consumer society negatively affected was consumption and use of cinema. “Of all categories of consumer expenditure, cinema and other spectacles is the only category to decrease in volume” (Crisp, 1993). Cinema was used as a means of escape from reality but when consumer society began and took off, particularly in 1960’s, people didn’t need to escape reality, they just wanted to keep purchasing products to improve their lives and satisfy themselves. This source is pretty reliable as it is also a published book. It similarly described the increase...
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...Introduction China is identified as one of the most popular markets since it is growing vibrantly. Hence, burgeoning market economy in China has attracted numerous companies that want to enter this market and Danone Group is one of them. Danone is a French food and beverage conglomerate and signed an agreement with the Hangzhou Wahaha Group in 1996, a Chinese beverage company, to set up a series of joint ventures in China. The partnership was established to market products under the Wahaha brand name. Ultimately, the agreement resulted into thirty-nine joint ventures. Those joint ventures were hugely profitable as the Wahaha brand became a household name in China. In spite of these successes, the relationship started to deteriorate. After years of court battles, Danone finally pulled out of the JV and ended this partnership with Wahaha. Based on the case study, this essay will firstly analyze Danone’s market entry mode and limitations of this mode. Subsequently, this essay will discuss contributions of both Wahaha and Danone in this relationship. Finally, this essay will present reasons for the Danone-Wahaha dispute and lessons derived from this dispute. Danone’s market entry mode Danone entered the Chinese market selling consumer drink products, including fruit juice, dairy products and bottled water, all with Chinese joint venture partners who were market leading brands in China. A joint venture is a special type of strategic alliance, which requires establishing a firm...
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...Business opportunities in Chinese cosmetics industry. Discussing business opportunities in cosmetics industry in China, we should first review macroeconomical factors influensing Chinese economy most. Chinese economy quite so associated with some “sweeping statements” like “China will be next economic superpower; its economy is still government run; foreigners don’t make money there; relationships count, so a partner is needed. But they are hyperbolic, misleading, out-of-date, or just not true”(Woetzel J.R. (July 2004) A guide to doing business in China. P.) So, what the situation is really about in China and what cultural and economical differences has Chinese business environment in comparison with French? At first, I French and Chinese societies have totally different basis. If we look back to sociology, we remember, that all societies can be divided on two main categories: High-context(China) and Low-context(France). In high-context society words may not mean what they really mean. For example “yes” may not be “yes” at all, opposite to low-context society where “yes” always means “yes” and “no” always means “no”. It results in a need for deeper understanding the position of the people you’ll have to work with and sphere you’ll have to work in, because in high-context society it is easy to miss the cue, if you haven’t obtained enough information about the problem. Secondly, one of key chinese cultural concepts is “Guanxi”, which literally translates to relationship....
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...surveys that provide patchy analysis far removed from the reality observed by investors on the ground, it provides comparative and objective analysis of the main criteria against which France's investment attractiveness can be judged. Structural advantages are fundamental to France's investment attractiveness The France Attractiveness Scoreboard demonstrates that France's structural advantages are fundamental to its investment attractiveness, and that the reforms underway are boosting the competitiveness of the French economy. France's key advantages are its market size and location, highly qualified and productive workforce, capacity for innovation and involvement in R&D, beneficial administrative and regulatory environment and high quality of its energy mix. Positive impacts of reforms already tangible The competitiveness and employment tax credit (CICE) in force since January 1, 2013 is already actively reducing labor costs. The French National Institute for Statistics and Economic Studies (INSEE) has reported a fall in the labor cost index in the first quarter of 2013 and has estimated that for all market sectors, excluding agriculture. Foreign investors like France.In 2014, two in three foreign investors believed France was an attractive investment location, compared with only one in two in 2009. (TNS-Sofres/IFA opinion poll, 2014) Thirty-three percent of them intend to expand their company’s...
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