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General Characterists of Antimicrobials- 1.Antibacterial – broad spectrum, narrow spectrum- gram positive, gram negative
Broad spectrum to start the process of healing until c&s results – then treat with narrow spectrum susceptible to antibiotic Obtain C&S before administering antibiotics Gram positive stains pinkish Gram negative stains purple-ish blue Bactercidal – kills Bacteriostatic – inhibits growth Side Effects – allergy in 1st 30min – nausea, vomiting, dirreaha Teaching – fluids, yogurt, probiotics, take as directed 2.Antiviral Interrupt cell metabolism 3.Antifungal

Mechanisms of action – Inhibits cell wall synthesis Inhibits protein synthesis Inhibits organism reproduction via DNA Inhibits cell metabolism and growth

Indications for use- Infection or prophylactic

Resistant to one drug in class / resistant to all in class – become resisitant when antibiotic is taken to often or dose not finished (Directly Observed Therapy to prevent)
Culture and sensitivity to determine suseptablity, intermedicate or resistant
Difference between virus and bacteria – no cell wall in virus
Antibacterials work on cell wall of bacteria
Virus – wash hands
Lower doses for kidney/liver failure to avoid toxicity – dependent on creatine clearance >60 normal
Renal failure inhibits excretion and causes build up of antibiotic
Vitamin B6 for tingling fingers
Septic = low blood pressure

*prototype
*class
*action at cellular level
*indications – side effects /adverse effects
Beta-lactam Antibacterials-
1.Penicillian – cephalosporins Act by inhibiting synthesis of bacteria cell walls by binding to protein in cell membranes -most effective when cell dividing Beta-lactamase enzyme breaks down ring on bacteria – prevents breakdown of antibiotic

Penicillian – prototype – 1st antibiotic – most effective in

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