...Case Study Pharmacology 291 Larry Goldie, a 63-year-old Caucasian male, visits the healthcare clinic complaining of increasing fatigue and difficulty breathing. Physical assessment findings include a rapid, irregular heart rate of 138 beats per minute, BP of 140/86, and a respiratory rate of 28. His breath sounds are clear with fine crackles in the bases bilaterally. He has positive jugular vein distention (JDV) bilaterally and 1+ pitting edema of his ankles bilaterally. His initial medical diagnosis is heart failure (HF). His past medical history includes: CHD, MI, and HTN. Larry is admitted to the acute care facility. 1. The nurse considers Larry’s symptoms that differentiate right and left-sided failure. (10 points) Left-...
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...Induced Hyperlipidemia in Rats Jyoti Sahu*1,2, Pushpendra Kumar Patel1,2 and Balkrishna Dubey1 T.I.T. College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, Anand Nagar, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India- 462021 SBRL Indrapuri, Bhopal (M.P.) *Corresponding Author E-mail: jyotisahupharma@gmail.com 2 1 ABSTRACT: In the present study the hypolipidemic activity of methanolic extracts of aerial parts of Quisqualis indica (QI) including flowers on passive smoking (PS) induced hyperlipidemia in rats had been evaluated. Hyperlipidemia was induced by passive smoking in a closed chamber having 1 burning ciggrette inside it. The hypolipidemic activity was analysed by reading the blood serum level in UV at 505 nm after treated with reagent present in auto span diagnostic kit. Dose of Methanolic extracts of QI had been prepared by using distilled water i.e. 200 mg/kg p.o. Methanolic extracts of QI significantly reduce the harmful lipid layer in blood serum at varying concentration and dose dependent manner which shows that the plant carries the hypolipidemic properties. It reduces the LDL, VLDL, cholesterol, triglyceride and raise HDL level in blood serum upto certain extent which was may be due to the inhibition of lipid peroxidation as the plants contain some active ingredients acting as antioxidants. Our result shows that the plants extracts recover the disorders in lipid metabolism noted in hyperlipidemic state. KEY WORDS: Hypolipidemic, Hypocholesterolemic, Passive smoking (PS), Hyperlipidemia, Quisqualis...
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...can slow down or block the flow of blood to other parts of the body, depriving the organs of oxygen. Atherosclerosis is a pathological process that affects the body’s whole vascular system leading to many coronary artery and cerebrovascular diseases Etiology: There are many theories pertaining to the etiology but, studies are still unclear about the direct cause of atherosclerosis (Mallika, Goswami, & Rajappa, 2007). Risk factors There are many risk factors that lead to the progression of atherosclerosis. The risk factors all led to an excessive amount of cholesterol in the blood which can lead to plaque build-up ( Mallika, Goswami & Rajappa, 2007). Here are some atherosclerosis risk factors, increased age, obesity, genetics, Hyperlipidemia; which is high levels of LDLs, cholesterol, and triglycerides in the blood, these causes a buildup of plaque in the inner lining of the arterial wall (McCance& Huether. 2010). Smoking; Smoking damages the endothelium of arteries, by increases LDLs levels and promoting inflammation. The nicotine increases blood pressure, heart rate and constricts arteries, making them more susceptible to endothelium...
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...Hyperlipidemia Scenario 1: 1. The resources I will need are brochures and education tools, updated procedural information and testing methods, and information for the pharmacist including parameters and knowledge of the test results. The furnishings I will need are chairs, tables, posters, and drawers or cases to keep and transport supplies. The supplies I will need are anything used for collection of samples including syringes and vials, or kits and devices used for less aggressive testing of cholesterol. 2. Regulations include that the site must be licensed to perform testing and must have a “Certificate of Waiver” license if it performs only waived tests. The sites must adhere to manufacturer’s instructions to perform the test, including “Good Laboratory Practice” such as trained personnel, competency, and evaluation. Must also agree to permit announced inspections of the site. 3. OSHA covers every aspect of workplace hazard avoidance. Regulations include health care workers and needle stick precautions, consistent use of personal protective equipment, and work practice and engineering controls in needle stick precautions. 4. Lipoproteins commonly tested for are LDL, HDL, and VLDL. LDL and HDL are the most important when discussing with a patient. 5. It is best to measure her total cholesterol and HDL. LDL can shoot up significantly after a meal. 6. Yes, her age, smoking, high blood pressure, and close relative put her as a candidate for CHD. 7. She...
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...I. Intro a. What’s the primary use of diuretics in medicine today? a. Control of high blood pressure. Many patients, especially over the age of 50, need blood pressure control and diuretic agents are usually looked to first by physicians. b. Dr. Pillion looks at the kidney as a river system that flows down to the sea. As in many rivers the tributaries that feed into this gradually become wider and have greater capacity, and as the fluid flows down to the tip of the kidney and into the ureter and ultimately into the bladder, the salinity changes. For a river, the NaCl concentration where the river and ocean merge is similar to the human blood stream (around 300, Na in blood is typically ~140, and Cl is ~90-110 - other anions make up the rest of the negative charge). c. Blood pH is usually ~7.40, we call this neutral, when it gets above this we call it basic and when it gets below this we call it acidic. We maintain this pH very aggressively. Saline solution is composed of NaCl dissolved in water – about 0.9% NaCl, so 0.9 grams NaCl per 100 mL water. 1 liter of blood has about 9 grams of NaCl so this is the amount that goes in the saline. d. In a river system, the concentration of NaCl upstream (away from the ocean) is essentially 0, and when it gets down close to the ocean it’s about 0.9%, and in between its mixed – so there’s a gradient. In the kidney, when stuff gets filtered across the glomerulus, the Na concentration there is – i.e. at the very beginning...
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...CURRENT DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF ATHEROSCLEROSIS 1 Current Diagnosis and Treatment of Atherosclerosis Basher I. Emtebakh Wright State University Laboratory Research 2, Spring 2013 CURRENT DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF ATHEROSCLEROSIS 2 Abstract Atherosclerosis is a complex inflammatory process that affects the arterial wall. People of different ages are susceptible to developing the disease. It is considered the most common cause of morbidity and mortality in the world. Epithelial injury caused by different risk factors is the initial process of the disease. Nitric oxide liberation, lipid retention, and inflammatory cell proliferation are of significance in the disease pathogenesis. The goal of this review is to better understand the disease process and the role of the atherogenic biomarkers that develop in the affected site during the disease progression. Determining the risk of atherogenic plaque development vulnerability is the main obstacle that faces scientists, followed by making proper diagnosis and choosing treatment. Different imaging techniques, especially the non invasive ones, provide highly useful images to characterize the plaque development. These techniques also contributed to cure many patients at risk of plaque rupture. Prevention and treatment of the disease depend mainly on the proper education of patients and people at risk of developing the disease, and that is done by changing their life style to minimize the risk factors that increase their...
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...Running head: Electronic Medical Records (EMR) Electronic Medical Records (EMR) Student Names Florida Atlantic University College of Business Health Administration Program Dr. Attila J. Hertelendy Introduction to Health Care Systems HSA 6103 Electronic Medical Records (EMR) November 15, 2011 Table of Contents 2 Abstract ............................................................................................................................................3 Introduction ......................................................................................................................................4 Types of EMRs ................................................................................................................................4 EMR Technology ....................................................................................................................4 Practice Management ..............................................................................................................7 Vendors and Cost of EMR ......................................................................................................7 EMR Stimulus.........................................................................................................................8 Different Uses of EMR ....................................................................................................................9 Uses of EMR in Health Management .............................
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...GI and Diabetes Exam Study Guide Tube Feeding – (enteral nutrition) refers to the administration of a nutritional balanced liquefied food or formula through a tube inserted into the stomach, duodenum, jejunum. It is used to provide nutrients via the GI tract either alone or as a supplement to oral or parenteral nutrition. - Nasogastric (NG) Tube – is most commonly used for short-term feeding problems. Other means of feeding are; esophagostomy, gastrostomy or jejunostomy. Transpyloric tube placement or placement into the jejunum is used when physiologic condition warrant feeding the pt below the pyloric sphincter. Special Indications – anorexia, orofacial fractures, head and neck cancer, neurologic or psychiatric conditions that prevent oral intake, extensive burns and those who are receiving chemotherapy or radiation therapy. Procedure for tube feeding 1. Patient position – 30-45 degrees position. Head remain elevated for 30-60 mins 2. Patency of tube – Tube should be irrigated with water before and after each feeing to ensure patency. 3. Tube Position – Placement of tube is checked before each feeing or every 8 hours with continuous feeings. Checking methods; aspiration and pH. 4. Formula 5. Administration of feeding – feeing are given either by gravity drip method or by feeding pump. 6. General Nursing Considerations – daily weight, accurate I’s and O’s. Blood glucose check. Complication Related To tube and feeding - Vomiting and or Aspiration -...
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...This report is to be submitted as "2008 Korea Pharmaceutical Industry Directory" as part of the "Actual analysis of Korean pharmaceutical Industry", Korea Health Industry Development Institute(KHIDI)'s own project. December 2008 ￭ ￭ ￭ • ⅰ Chapter 1. Outline of The Project 1. Objectives and Background of Investigation ◦The existing directory book has indicated limitations in promoting Korean pharmaceutical industry internationally or domestically, failing to offer practical help. ◦For this reason, this investigation is to have a thorough grasp of ranges of business and current status of investments and technology by pharmaceutical and companies to utilize and in to strengthen their industrial by competitiveness promoting them overseas collecting and offering basic data needed for promoting transfer of technology with home and abroad institutions. ◦Also, necessity for systematic and detailed data of industrial current status that can be utilized by companies who are making commitment for the development of pharmaceutical industry. 2. Targets and Contents of Directory Book 1) Targets for directory book •Korean Pharmaceutical companies: 81 companies. 2) Contents of directory book •Investigation items 3. Method and Way for Utilization 1) Method □ Ways to select investigation targets and to promote them were developed through consultation from consultation committees and domestic pharmaceutical companies (including unlisted ones) ◦Investigated...
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...A kid with Hepatitis A can return to school 1 week within the onset of jaundice. 2. After a patient has dialysis they may have a slight fever...this is normal due to the fact that the dialysis solution is warmed by the machine. 3. Hyperkalemia presents on an EKG as tall peaked T-waves 4. The antidote for Mag Sulfate toxicity is ---Calcium Gluconate 5. Impetigo is a CONTAGEOUS skin disorder and the person needs to wash ALL linens and dishes seperate from the family. They also need to wash their hands frequently and avoid contact. positive sweat test. indicative of cystic fibrosis 1. Herbs: Black Cohosh is used to treat menopausal symptoms. When taken with an antihypertensive, it may cause hypotension. Licorice can increase potassium loss and may cause dig toxicity. 2. With acute appendicitis, expect to see pain first then nausea and vomiting. With gastroenitis, you will see nausea and vomiting first then pain. 3. If a patient is allergic to latex, they should avoid apricots, cherries, grapes, kiwi, passion fruit, bananas, avocados, chestnuts, tomatoes and peaches. 4. Do not elevate the stump after an AKA after the first 24 hours, as this may cause flexion contracture. 5. Beta Blockers and ACEI are less effective in African Americans than Caucasians. 1. for the myelogram postop positions. water based dye (lighter) bed elevated. oil based dye heavier bed flat. 2.autonomic dysreflexia- elevated bed first....then check foley...
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