Free Essay

Philosophy Exam

In: Philosophy and Psychology

Submitted By qusai24
Words 1287
Pages 6
NAME__________________________________
STUDENT NUMBER______________________

PHI 1101 H: REASONING AND CRITICAL THINKING
23rd September 2011
First Test: 50 marks worth 10% of final mark
Closed Book
Professor: Mark Raymond Brown
8:30 am – 9:50 am
MNT 202

Please answer each question on the pages of this test. If you need more space for your answer, please use the reverse side of the page.

I. Please circle the letter that corresponds to the best answer. Each is worth 1 mark.

1) Subjective relativism is the idea that __________________________.

a) Truth is relative to societies. b) Truth depends on what someone believes. c) There is a way the world is. d) Some objective truths are about our subjective states.

2) Social relativism is:

a) The idea that truth is relative to societies b) Truth is different for each of us c) Objectively true d) None of the above

3) A group of statements in which some of them (the premises) are intended to support another of them (the conclusion) is known as a(n) _______________. a) chain argument b) claim c) argument d) reason
4) Drawing conclusions about people without sufficient reasons is known as _____________. a) appeal to common practice b) appeal to tradition c) peer pressure d) stereotyping

5) Critical thinking is systematic because it __________________________. a) is caused by a state of mind b) has practical implications c) involves distinct procedures and methods d) leads to better understanding

6) Words that frequently accompany arguments and signal that a premise or conclusion is present are known as ___________________. a) inference indicators b) premises c) indicator verbs d) argument components

7) Probably the best advice for anyone trying to uncover or dissect arguments is __________. a) find the premises first b) paraphrase the argument c) determine the truth of premises d) find the conclusion first

8) The function of an explanation is to ____________________________. a) try to prove that a statement is true b) try to show why or how something is the way it is c) try to show that something is the case d) try to show that a statement is in dispute

9) A conclusion is? a) The end b) An opinion c) A statement that premises support d) An explanation e) None of the above

10) Inference is: a) The process of reasoning from a premise or premises to a conclusion b) The process of validating the truthfulness of premises c) The process of offering up false premises in an argument d) The process of evaluating arguments for validity e) None of the above

II. For each of the following on the line provided write what is implicit -- premise or conclusion -- and then write what the implicit premise or conclusion is. Each is worth two marks.

1. Tony is Canadian. Thus he is used to cold weather.
Implicit _Premise_

Canadians are used to cold weather.

2. Moore’s dog is a bloodhound, and most bloodhounds have a keen sense of smell.
Implicit __Conclusion_

Moore’s dog has a keen sense of smell.

3. He’ll drive recklessly only if he’s upset, and he’s upset.
Implicit _Conclusion_

He’ll drive recklessly.

4. My cousin has good vision, for people who don’t wear eyeglasses have good vision.
Implicit _Premise_

My cousin doesn’t wear eyeglasses.

5. Almost all Vancouverites like the beach, and Jessica is from Vancouver.

Implicit _Conclusion_

Jessica probably likes the beach.

III. Present the following arguments in standard form and provide a diagram for each. You may want to keep in mind that you may have to reformulate some claims, that explanations may occur, and that noise or redundancies may arise in some arguments. The value of each question is noted in parentheses.

1. Because of last summer’s infestation of gypsy moths in Ottawa, we must conclude that the same pestilence will return this summer. (3)

Standard Form:

1. Last summer there was an infestation of gypsy moths in Ottawa --------------------------------------------------------------------
2. The pestilence (or gypsy moth infestation) will return this summer.

Diagram: 1 ↓ 2

2. Cole is up to no good. He’s been acting suspiciously for days, and he told Rachel he was going to steal something valuable. (3)

Standard Form:

1. Cole [he] has been acting suspiciously for days.
2. Cole [he] told Rachel he was going to steal something valuable.
----------------------------------------------------------------------
3. Cole is up to no good.

Diagram:

1 2 \ / 3

3. What do I think of shopping at the Bay? I’ll tell you! They’ve got great prices, and they’ve got a good selection of men’s clothes. So the Bay is a great place to shop. (3)

Standard Form:
1. The Bay has got great prices.
2. The Bay has a good selection of men’s clothes.
----------------------------------------------------------
3. The Bay is a great place to shop.

Diagram:

1 2 \ / 3

4. Sue’s Spanish must be very good now. She spent a year in Mexico living and conversing with a Mexican family, and she has attained a level one in fluency in Spanish because she spent a year studying it at the University of Mexico. (4)

Standard Form:

1. Sue spent a year in Mexico living and conversing with a Mexican family.
2. Sue has attained a level one in fluency in Spanish because she spent a year studying it at the University of Mexico.
----------------------------------------------------------------------
3. Sue’s Spanish must be very good now.

Diagram:

1 2 \ / 3

5. Most philosophers are introverted, and Chris is a philosopher. Therefore, Chris is probably introverted. Thus, Chris probably has poor social skills, because most introverted people have poor social skills. (4)

Standard Form:
1. Most philosophers are introverted.
2. Chris is a philosopher.
3. Chris is probably introverted. 1, 2
4. Most introverted people have poor social skills. 5. Chris probably has poor social skills. 3, 4

Diagram:
1------2
↓ 3------4 ↓ 5

6. As the saying goes, stealing from one’s friends is a terrible crime. If you can’t trust your friends, then who can you trust? Consider the following scenario involving three friends: Maggie, Jose, or Ling broke the window and stole the vase. Jose couldn’t have done it because he was studying in his room and was observed the whole time. Maggie couldn’t have done it because she was out of town at the time and has witnesses to prove it. So the thief had to be Ling. (4)

Standard Form:
1. Maggie, Jose, or Ling broke the window and stole the vase.
2. Jose couldn’t have done it because he was studying in his room and was observed the whole time.
3. Maggie couldn’t have done it because she was out of town at the time and has witnesses to prove it.
----------------------------------------------------------------------
4. The thief had to be Ling.

Diagram:
1----2----3
↓ 4
7. Elena should dump that creep Oscar since he sneaks around with other women behind her back. Also, it’s very likely that he’ll drain her financial resources because he spends all her money at the racetrack. (4)

Standard Form:

1. Oscar sneaks around with other women behind Elena’s back.
2. Oscar spends all her money at the racetrack.
3. It is very likely that he’ll drain her financial resources.2 4. Elena should dump that creep Oscar. 1, 3

Diagram:
1 2 \ / \ 3 \ / 4

8. Amir is not going to class today, because he is wearing his brown leather jacket, and he never goes to class wearing that jacket. (3)

Standard Form:

1. Amir is wearing his brown leather jacket.
2. Amir never goes to class wearing that jacket.
--------------------------------------------------------
3. Amir is not going to class today.

Diagram:

1------2 ↓ 3

9. The sky is dark and dreary this morning, thus it will probably rain sometime today. (2)

Standard Form:

1. The sky is dark and dreary this morning.
-----------------------------------------------------
2. It will probably rain sometime today.

Diagram:

1

2

Similar Documents

Premium Essay

Final Exam Philosophy 101

...Final Exam Philosophy 101 The base questions posed by philosophy, seem almost like puzzles themselves. “What is knowledge”, “What is it to exist”, “is it possible to know something”, these questions at first seem so simple that it's easy to assume an answer but by nature so abstract that the answers will always be arguable. Looking at it from a teachers view point, arguability may have been the point, to cause a student to continually question, to inspire them to reevaluate past beliefs. In ancient times the Question was the only tool they had to investigate the world around them, so it stands to reason that the purpose of the Questions was more than just a problem in need of a solution. The Question was a tool used to investigate the problem, and once the solution was thought to be found, it would then be turned into a question of it's own and used to see if the original question was correct. It's easy to see how algebra evolved from this type of thought. Religion is a subject that I've always avoided it turns normal rational people into crazed unyielding lunatics. While this is just my opinion, it is hard to argue, because of how many wars have been fought and people killed over religious beliefs. One fascinating behavior is the way a person can be rational level headed and kind even when faced with beliefs that conflict with their own. But to challenge the shared beliefs of a group of rational level headed, kind people is often deadly. My WOW moment in this class...

Words: 545 - Pages: 3

Premium Essay

Career Preparation

...BLAW 2210 Term Paper Career Preparation My top two career choices are corporate financial analysis in investment banking and actuary. I will be discussing the legal environment of my career choices, taxing authorities, entity structure, graduate school in order to obtain certain license, self-assessment of my chosen careers. First, I will discuss how I can work as a corporate financial analysis in investment banking. After that, I will talk about what I need prepare to be an actuary. 1.corporate financial planning and analysis The responsibility of a corporate financial planing and analysis is to support management planning and decision making by identifying, maintaining, and evaluating information,as well as recommending actions. * Legal environment * Entity structure Investment banking is concerned with the primary function of assisting the capital market in its function of capital market intermediation, i.e. the movement of financial resources from those who have them means investors, to those who need to make use of them means issuer for generating profit. Therefore, it can be inferred that investment banks are those institutions that are the counterparts of banks in the capital market in the function of intermediation in resources allocation. Investment banks carried on carious activities it helps companies and governments and their agencies to raise money by issuing and selling securities in the primary market. They assist public and private corporations...

Words: 3595 - Pages: 15

Free Essay

Student

...University 01/2010 – Present Director Assistant, Canadian Chamber of Commerce in Shanghai 06/2009 – 08/2009 • Designed 2010 Expo Guide for Canadians in Shanghai. • Coordinated events on Canada’s Day and assisted Administrative Director with related projects • Located and entered data into several databases; made phone calls, and ensured timely mail processing. • Assisted administrative team members with clerical function. Dining Service Associate, University of Minnesota – Twin Cities 09/2009 – 12/2009 • Maintained inventory of standard dining service supplies and assists manager coordinate attendants. Member, Actuarial Club in University of Minnesota – Twin Cities 01/2009 – 12/2009 • Arranged the preparation of Casualty Actuarial Society (CAS) exam Volunteer, Students Today Leaders Forever 03/2009 – 12/2009 • Assisted the donation of food to Minnesotans at risk of hunger. Volunteer, in school for the Mute and the Deaf in Zhoushan, Zhejiang Province 2006 – 2009 • Taught disabled students Mandarin. Policy-analyst, Model United Nation in Shanghai K.J. Senior High School 2006 – 2008 • Analyzed UN policies for Model UN conferences HONORS/ AWARDS Honor Program, Awarded by Associate Dean of University of Minnesota – Twin Cities Global Excellent Scholarship, Awarded by University of Minnesota – Twin Cities Dean's List, Awarded by University of Minnesota – Twin Cities st th 1 prize, World 20 Odyssey of Mind Competition in China Area 09/2008 – 12/2009 09/2008 – 12/2009 Fall 2008, Fall 2009...

Words: 354 - Pages: 2

Premium Essay

Ethics

...Lowell Philosophy Department Introduction to Philosophy Philosophy 45. 201.201/02S Spring 2013 Syllabusi Conference Time and Location Tu & Th 3:30-4:45PM Class meet at SOU 403 NC Instructor: Andrés Paniagua andres_paniagua@uml.edu Office Hours T&R 3:00-3:25PM & W. 6:00-6:25 Office TBD Course Description. The practice and study of philosophy constitute one of the most distinctive strands of Western intellectual tradition. In order to understand-even simply recognize-the deepest assumptions we make as a culture we must turn to philosophy and to those thinkers whose ideas have shaped our assumptions. We will approach the study of philosophy as a conversation among the greatest thinkers of all the time, Plato, Aristotle, Descartes, Locke, Hume, Kant, Hegel, Marx, Nietzsche, Heidegger and Sartre. Our focus will be on each philosopher’s ideas and their impact on Western Civilization. We will also delve briefly into the cultural and historical context of each philosopher, evaluate weather their ideas are still relevant and some of their argument remain compelling. Course outline. The approach of this class is hybrid. The first part following an historical and chronological sequence, the second part follows a topical approach. Part I (a), Ancient philosophy, with our main focus on Plato and Aristotle. Part 1 (b) Late Renaissance and to Kant. Part II Empiricism and Positivism and part II (b) Existentialism. We will wrap the class pointing to some recent issues in philosophy: Postmodernism...

Words: 1207 - Pages: 5

Premium Essay

Ancient Philosophy

...structure that can be upheld by leaders with strict scientific training. The theory of the Forms is not restricted to human principles; it however embraces the nature of all there is. Plato appears to further stress the differences between analogy, human relationships and celestial harmony. Vattimo’s idea of “platonic fallacy applies to the middle dialogs. Vattimo believes that Plato took the wrong direction with his decision to incorporate straight forward answers in his dialogues. Philosophy for Vattimo is about thinking and discourse no blunt lecturing. Therfore the Entry of the middle dialogues is jarring an infact is not philosophy. Question 2 Plato’s believes that his theory of the forms is the way to knowledge, as expressed in the Platonic Dialoges. It is Plato’s assertion that each and every thing has a perfected intangibility (that is a perfect state); understood and accessed only through the sub Ancient Philosophy Final Exam conscious soul. His explanation follows an example of a cave. At the very back of this cave Plato states that mankind is chained, facing the rear wall. As this is a cave, it is completely dark, except for a burning fire located in the center of the cave. Above this fire rests a balcony,...

Words: 728 - Pages: 3

Free Essay

What Is Philosophy

...Final Exam Essay: What is Philosophy? By definition, philosophy is the study of the fundamental nature of knowledge, reality, and existence, especially when considered as an academic discipline. I think philosophy is the understanding and reasoning for the things we do. People question the fundamental truth about themselves and the world they live in. Generally philosophy can be divided into four major areas of study, metaphysics, epistemology, ethics, and logic. The subject matter and methods of philosophy can relate to the reasons we inherit ideas generation after generation. The subject matter and method of philosophy can be split into different explanations, examples and reasons that in turn make up the understanding people have for philosophy. Philosophy proposes many different questions about beliefs and everyday ethics but it also guides people to solve the questions they have come up with. Some questions may be answered very differently depending on the person, but the goal is not merely the answer or arguments but whether or not the arguments are good and answers are true. Going more into detail about the subject matter of philosophy which is closely connected with the sort of questions that have dominated philosophical investigation. Everything in existence is the subject matter of philosophy, for example some topics may be art, beauty, cause, desire, family, god, nature, one and the many, and reasoning just to name some. The method of philosophy is the study...

Words: 937 - Pages: 4

Premium Essay

Kara

...maker can then decide which path to follow and which principle or value to apply. He or she may be guided by a professional code of conduct such as those advocated by the American Medical Association or the American Bar Association. There may also be a clear legal principle, but as is often the case with new technology the law may not yet exist. Eventually, however, every ethical choice is a matter of individual conscience. Perhaps the most basic tenet guiding any decision is the Golden Rule to “do unto others as you would have others do unto you”. One might also be influenced by Immanuel Kant (1724-1804) who said that “if an action is not right for everyone, it is not right for anyone”. René Descartes (1596–1650) espoused almost the same philosophy by stating “that while an action might be acceptable initially, it must be repeatable or else it should not be...

Words: 1013 - Pages: 5

Premium Essay

Anu Ang Halimbawa Ng Salawikain

...Republic of the Philippines BATAAN PENINSULA STATE UNIVERSITY City of Balanga, Bataan College of Arts and Sciences Course Syllabus Course Code: Subject Title: For: Schedule: Course Credit: Pre-requisite: Course Description: SSCI 125 Work Ethics and Attitude Development BSTM 4th Year TM 4A TTh 9:30-11:00 Rm. 301 TM 4B TTh 11:00-12:30 Rm. 301 3 units None This course is an applied ethics in relation to the practice of human labor and management. This is designed to introduce the key elements of ethics, ethical practice, and professionalism to students as they prepare to enter the professional world as first class workers or managers. It is planned to ensure that upon successful completion, each student will have the capacity to engage in ethical work practice, as well as evaluate various kinds of work practice from an ethical standpoint. The general aim of this course is to develop the moral and ethical professionalism among students as preparation for their future roles as employees or managers. At the end of the course, students should be able to: 1. Identify their strengths and weaknesses as man; 2. Utilize their assets and values more effectively; 3. Gain the knowledge regarding one’s values and use it positively in relating to others; 4. Acquire and develop the necessary attitudes expected from a professional and competent person. General Objective: Specific Objectives: Course Outline: * University’s Vision and Mission I. Background on the Study of Work Ethics...

Words: 795 - Pages: 4

Free Essay

Final

...!1 Michael James August 22, 2015 Philosophy 001 Final Exam Final Before taking philosophy, there was not any knowledge in my mind concerning the subject. After taking the subject and learning through the readings, it has broadened my mind to what philosophy actually means. Philosophy is the study of the nature of knowledge, reality and existence in part with academic discipline. Through the readings, there became an understanding through these philosophers writings on their view of different topics. 1. Taking on the question “What is Philosophy?”, there has been more of a realization than just the question itself. In the readings, Fieser, Russell, and Socrates were at ends with how they felt with their logic. They had a different way of viewing everything. Between philosophy and life upon finishing this course, I have come to learn more than I though I would have but also my view changed on certain parts. To reference philosophy, many philosophers have a way of questing whether God truly exist(ed) or was he a made-up immortal that humans gave life and now worship and in that it makes me questions the same thing. “Mortals suppose that gods are born and have clothes and voices and shapes like their own.”(Fieser 14) There is not much evidence to prove that God was a human being and that he was born in Jerusalem in the years between 6 B.C. and 4 B.C. “A man who, having the knowledge and power required to makes his children good, chose instead to make them...

Words: 1135 - Pages: 5

Free Essay

Ancient Philo

...Ancient Philosophy 3rd November 2011 Epistemology - The theory of knowledge. Theory of Forms or Ideas... • Plato believed that what the senses show us/what we see/what we perceive is called world observation. • Things are not as how we see them • If you are trying to produce an unphysical cause you would use different vocabulary • A physicist can say that the only answer to give a theory about the existence of the world you have to study physics. • Plato brings abstract ideas for examples what is justice? • Plato would say in order to know what justice is you have to get a certain essence of justice. 10th November 2011 • If you want to grasp on reality what you really need to think of is not the world of sense but the world of Ideas that can only be grasped by the philosophers. • What you start with at the bottom are simply dreams... as you climb up the ladder you move from the world of dreams to the world of Doxa(opinion/ordinary common sense) until you reach the epistemei(the only kind of knowledge that gives you Truth) • Plato says that you can never find the perfect justice. You cannot find perfection since perfection is only found in the abstract form of justice. • The ideal of the early Greeks was the perfect male model like hipieus. • Socrates tells hipieus and asks him what beauty is? • Hipieus answers that beauty is a beautiful woman... he thinks that this is obvious • But Socrates continues to challenge him that beauty is not just related to...

Words: 1511 - Pages: 7

Premium Essay

Philosophy Syllabus

...Philippines BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY Gov. Pablo Borbon Main Campus I Batangas City COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, ARCHITECTURE AND FINE ARTS GENERAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT Second Semester, AY 2015-2016 COURSE SYLLABUS HUM 102 INTRODUCTION TO PHILOSOPHY 3 Units Prerequisite: None UNIVERSITY VISION A University which shapes a global Filipino imbued with moral courage nurtured through values and excellent education. UNIVERSITY MISSION Batangas State University commits to develop productive citizens by providing the highest standard of instruction, research, extension service and production through value-laden learning experiences, community partnership and internationalization initiatives. Course Title: Introduction to Philosophy | Course Code: HUM 102 | Pre-co-req.: None | Credit Units: 3 | Instructor: Maria Melinda O. Gainza | Year Level: 1st Year | Email: ordonez_ortega@yahoo.com | Semester: 2nd Sem 2015-2016 | Mobile No.: 0918-617-7777 | Schedule: | Room: | | 1.0 PHILOSOPHY This course introduces the students to the field of philosophy which is said to be the queen of all sciences. It is about how a person understands his nature as well as the world, how he makes decisions in life. What actions he chooses are influenced by the philosophy he develops and adopts. He then begins to have a better understanding of himself, his fellow human beings, the real world and the meaning of life. With philosophical foundation, he will be able to meet the demands of his profession as...

Words: 1574 - Pages: 7

Free Essay

Marketing

...Business Ethics: Phi 3360: Exam #3 (worth 100 points: 1/4 of final grade in course) Due in class or online on Tues. 11/6 If submitting online you must submit via blackboard and not email 1. Please answer each of the following short-answer questions fully and in your own words (it is acceptable to quote short definitions directly from the text). Please submit your typed answers either in class or online in blackboard (as an attachment submitted under the assignment — worth between 4-7 points each). a. Discuss and describe 3 of the factors described in chapter S in ethical decision making. In your answers describe the factor and discuss its role in ethical decision making (7 points). n b. Discuss the role of leadership in corporate culture and ethical decision making (4 points). c. Discuss and describe 3 habits of strong ethical leaders (7 points). d. Choose either Egoism or Utilitarianism to discuss and describe. In your answer you should discuss how the theory you chose is a Teleological theory and describe what it looks like to apply the theory you chose in business (7 points). e. Discuss and Describe Kant's Deontological moral philosophy. In your answer you should discuss and describe at least one version of the categorical imperative and define deontology (7 points). f. Discuss and Describe Relativism and what it may mean to apply this theory in business (5 points). g. Discuss and Describe Virtue Ethics and describe what virtue ethics means...

Words: 278 - Pages: 2

Premium Essay

How Did William James Contribute To Psychology

...William James was one of the most influential psychologists. He is known for the first educator to offer a psychology class in the United States. William was born in New York city on January 11th, 1842. While he was growing up he had a passion for drawing. In 1860 his family and himself moved to Newport Rhode Island because William wanted to be a painter but gave up on that career because he claimed that it was an "insufficient rate of work". In 1861 he enlisted in the war for about 3 months. After the civil war Mr. James enrolled in Lawrence scientific school at Harvard University. There he studied chemistry and psysiology. He later entered in Harvards medical school in 1863. He attempted an expedition but had to return earlier than he wanted...

Words: 378 - Pages: 2

Free Essay

Reflection

...Reflection Walden University Introduction to philosophy PHIL 1001 How can you prove weather at this moment we are sleeping, and all our thoughts are a dream; or weather we are awake, and talking to one another in the waking state? Plato For this reflection I founded it fascinating to consider different understanding of reality, I really enjoyed Plato Alegory of the cave amazing piece of art work what a great philosopher for that time period, also movie Matrix great movie directed by Wanch brothers. So questions we can all ask ourselves: Are things we see around us real, are they our reality, and how do we know that for sure, how do we know if we are dreaming or not. These are questions that unfortunately are out of our reach and only time will answer. The Alegory of the cave is a famous story from the Plato Republic, it is a profound allegory with many interpretation, and in this reflection I will compare it to the movie Matrix, and my view of reality. “ Imagine the condition of men living in a sort of cavernous chamber underground, with an entrance open to the light and a long passage all down the cave. Here they have been from childhood, chained by the leg and also by the neck, so that they cannot move and can see only what is in front of them, because the chain will not let them turn their heads. At some distance higher up is the light of a fire burning behind them, and between the prisoners and the fire is a track with a parapet built along...

Words: 1800 - Pages: 8

Free Essay

Indian Philosophy of Education and Pedagogy

...INDIAN PHILOSOPHY OF EDUCATION AND PEDAGOGY: AN ESSENTIAL PROPOSITION Prof. N.B. Biswas1 Epistemology and pedagogy both the concepts are philosophical in its origin. The present century demands an integrated teacher who can shape the inner potentiality of a learner through an integrated approach of knowledge of the content area and of the philosophy of teaching. Since, India won Independence; attempt has been made to formulate a national education policy. It has been essential to evolve an Indian philosophy of education in the light of the tradition and culture upheld by Swami Vivekananda, Rabindra Nath Tagore, M. K. Gandhi, Sri Aurobinda and others. Every nation needs an educational philosophy for building up a sound system of education. India has passed through various stages of development during different periods. Since Brahmanistic education it has followed the monastic scholastic, realistic, idealistic and pragmatic trends when values changed and new priorities emerged. India is a land where values have emerged and influenced the cultural life of the land. The cross-cultural studies of modern values show an increasing tendency towards materialistic and self-centered outlook. The world in which we live today is shrinking every day, but every nation is busy in building a wall of prejudice. This is why we need to develop an Indian Philosophy of Education. Since 1944 and uptil now about 150 philosophical studies have been carried out on education, out of which only 10 studies...

Words: 8178 - Pages: 33