...A VERY INCOMPLETE GLOSSARY OF TERMS Rhetoric: All of the methods by which meanings are communicated Rhetor: The source of the communication—writer, speaker, filmmaker, photographer, etc. Euphemism: An alternative word choice that alters (usually softens) the rhetorical effect (“die” vs. “pass away” vs. “in a better place”). Different choices of language signal different implications and underlying philosophies. Euphemisms tend to distance the audience from the subject, using more vague and imprecise language (“collateral damage” vs. “unintended killings,” “got the better end of the deal,” vs. “swindled the other guy”). Paraphrase: An alternative phrasing of an author’s original language. Don’t paraphrase simply to pretend an author’s arguments or content are your ideas, or to avoid accusations of plagiarism. Instead, paraphrase in order to reveal something that wasn’t obvious in the author’s original words. Effective paraphrases make the implicit explicit (“What she’s saying here is...”) Always give credit to your sources, even when you paraphrase. Summary: Similar to paraphrase (in that you choose your own words to describe an author’s argument), except in a summary, you compress large portions of text into a much smaller space. You’ll need to choose specific things to focus on in a summary. You aren’t trying to restate every claim and every piece of evidence. Instead, choose smaller parts of the text that are relevant to your work and explain how you want your reader...
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...Sade Tilghman Mrs. Coker RWS October 17, 2014 Democratic vs. Republican “Let us not seek the Republican answer or the Democratic answer, but the right answer. Let us not seek to fix the blame for the past. Let us accept our own responsibility for the future”. (J.F.K) Political parties have been around since the 1700’s, although they are not a part of our constitution they just sort of evolved. Democrat and Republican are both major political parties with a different set of beliefs and policies. Many political parties base their system on ideologies. An ideology is a system of ideas, especially one that forms political theories and policies. The main ideology for the Democratic party is liberalism and left-leaning. Liberalism is a political philosophy founded on ideas of liberty and equality. Left leaning ideologies are the rights of the individuals. Where as the Republican party tends to be right-leaning meaning power to the government. The Republican party's main ideology is conservatism which is a person who is opposed to change and holds to traditional values....
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...Philosophy for International Business: examination issues / questions 1. Define the difference between philosophy and common sense 2. Define the difference between philosophy and humanities/science 3. Define the difference between philosophy and ideology 4. What are the three general branches of philosophy/what are the basic philosophical questions? 5. Explain the meaning and significance of “the arché question” 6. The being and becoming dilemma in early Greek philosophy 7. Explain Zeno’s paradoxes 8. Is total flux chaotic? Explain the nature of change in the system of Heraclitus 9. Define dialectic 10. Virtue in Greek philosophy. Explain the meaning of knowledge in Socrates’s ethics 11. Explain “Eutyfro dilemma” 12. Plato’s theory of ideas: ideas and sensual objects – differences and similarities 13. Plato’s theory of ideas: the conception of participation 14. Plato’s theory of ideas: the allegory of the cave 15. Plato’s theory of ideas: the ideal state 16. Aristotle: syllogisms 17.Hylomorphism: substance and its components 18. Aristotle: the four causes: what is the sense of final cause? 19. Aristotle: the theory of virtue (Golden Mean) 20. Aristotle: what does it mean to be a political animal? 21. The existence of God: ontological argument as formulated by St. Anselm 22. The existence of God: ontological argument as formulated by Descartes (deceitful demon and “Matrix”) ...
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...PHILOSOPHY VS. WISDOM ( God, Religion And Nature) Philosopy and Wisdom overlap each other. There is a strong correlation between the two concepts and in some situations they complement each other and in others they may present some contradiction in the ideas of ‘thinkers’. Firstly, what is the definition of Philosophy? There is not one specific definition according to my findings, readings, and beliefs. However it definitely can be summarized as a rational attempt to formulate, understand and answer fundamental questions about life. Similarly, Wisdom is a deep understanding and realizing of people, things, events or situations, resulting in the ability to choose or act to consistently produce the optimum, productive, and positive results. Wisdom can also be the comprehension Philosophy and implementation of knowledge gained from understanding, and answering questions about the Philosophies of Life, in this paper specifically geared towards God, Religion, and Nature. According to the writings of Socrates, it was said unto him by the Oracle of Delphi; “Wisdom is the awareness of our ignorance, and awareness of the limitations of knowledge.”. This is relative to my comparison on Philosophy and Wisdom because Socrates was one of the greatest philosophers of all time, however when he was asked what knowledge is, he had to confess he did not know. Another example is the leaders of our different religions today, i.e. priests, rabbis, etc. cannot answer all the questions...
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...advocate for their interests, and hold public officials accountable for their actions. Political culture * The people’s collective beliefs and attitudes about government and political processes * What is it that binds us together as Americans? * Our political ideologies * Our political values – liberty, capitalism, equality, consent of the governed, individualism Ideology * Political ideology is an integrated system of ideas or beliefs about political values in general and the role of the government in particular * Ideology provides a framework for thinking about politics and policy preferences Ideologies * Modern liberalism is associated with ideas of liberty and political equality: * Tend to favor chance in social, political and economic realms to better protect individuals and produce equality What is the constitution? * Fundamental principles of a government and the basic structures and procedures Two US Constitutions * Articles of confederation ( 1781-1789) * Constitution of the united states (1789-present) Events leading up to the US constitution * By the 18th century, two-tier system of governance had evolved – local colonial assemblies vs Parliament in Britain * Britain’s involvement in the seven years’ war cost money that they tried to recoup from the colonies * Sugar act (1764) * Stamp act (1765) * Colonists responded with...
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...THE CHINESE MANAGEMENT Confucius on Management History has shown that China is a significant creator and repository of great philosophies, yet we know little of Chinese philosophies on leadership. With China becoming a global economic and political force, we need to learn from and to understand Chinese leadership philosophies. We must also consider that China is now in the process of blending its tradition, customs and practices with Western concepts and ideas. In the business world, it is the blending of its wisdom and Western practices. Successful leadership behavior of today's more culturally diverse workforce is one of the most important challenges organizations face. CHINA The People's Republic of China today seems to be entering the modern world, coming out of the shadow of the warlords, the 20-year struggle between communism and nationalism, and the Cultural Revolution. Moves are afoot to shift the Chinese economy more toward the market-oriented end of the spectrum. China’s 1978 open door policy initiated rapid economic development, and consequently exposed china to a flood to Western management practices. CHINA 2 China is a country of old and new and one that is in transition. With the rise of China in the global economy, it has never been more important for business leaders to understand Chinese leadership philosophies and practices. Ancient Chinese thinking and Western ideas have shaped the development of leadership styles in China. Leadership theories (paternalistic...
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...CRANES, COUNTRIES AND COUNTRIES 2 Reality vs. illusion The origami crane reflects the ideas expressed in the Allegory of the Cave. In the process of creating an origami crane, one witnesses the idea of amassing knowledge and information. There is this revolving idea of automatically believing what someone tells you of an unknown object, just like believing that it is how a crane looks like, the reality of what it is. Additionally, the idea of ignorance plays a significant role in what one thinks is real and what is truly reality. Furthermore, humans are still similar to the prisoners in the Allegory of the Cave, “Suppose the prisoners were able to talk together, don’t you think that when they named the shadows which they saw passing they would believe they were naming things?” (Plato, p. 312) Without any pertaining prior education, the prisoners are left to name the shadows thinking that they are naming things, similar to how students are left to the self-assumption that their creation is what is called an origami. Those these prisoners are forced to break free through the universal forced learning. “If so,” said I, “such persons would certainly believe that there were no realities except those shadows of handmade things”. (Plato, p. 313) Through assigning a name to an object, one can jump to a conclusion of its identity, though that may just be a hinderance to seeing past the shadow and discovering the reality of what it truly is...
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...Appendix A Submission Abstract Defining political ideologies and describing the difference between Liberal, Conservative and Libertarian. Discussing the positions these groups support. What the formal process is of amending the Constitution and why it was designed this particular way. Discussing the role of the Court in the development of Federalism and the allocation of federal and state powers with in our U.S. system and how throughout the years it has changed. Political ideology is the beliefs or a philosophy pertaining to religion, social, cultural, and economic affairs by the majority of people with in a society. Liberal conservative and libertarian ideologies are examples of the political ideology. Liberals do not believe in class privileges, but rather equality and sharing resources and welcomes government intervention. Liberals support the welfare programs, government funded free health care, unemployment benefits, Maternity leave and programs of this nature. Conservatives are quite the opposite of what Liberals represent. The conservatives prefer individuals to be held personally responsible for their own wellbeing. They prefer the traditional views and values and is more comfortable with slow or moderate change. They believe the government should have limited say when it comes to regulating the economy. Libertarian beliefs are more geared toward free will, with opposing government interference in personal and economic liberties. When amending the...
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...FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE Lecture 1: "Public speaking" social intelligence - is the capacity to effectively negotiate complex social relationships and environments. eloquence - fluent or persuasive speaking or writing. dissensus - difference of opinion publicness - Of, concerning, or affecting the community or the people the polis - the active assembly of citizens empowered to discuss and make public policy civic virtue model vs. civil society model public sphere, society vs. community habitus transmission model of communication public sphere model of communication theory & practice Textbook Chapter 1: "Public Speaking & Public Sphere" transmission model, public sphere model, circulation Lecture 2: From Claim to Speech inherency - is a stock issue in policy debate that refers to a barrier that keeps a harm from being solved in the status quo. constraints (lecture 2 & textbook ch. 5) rightness of fit topic vs. claim a rhetorical claim vs. a philosophical claim components of a good claim Lecture 3: Audience Adaptation discursive identity - A state of identity defined by the descriptors used to define an individual social constitution vicious relativism speech event conditioning composite audience scopus - the object of a directed gaze, a 'target stasis theory - is a four-question, pre-writing (invention) process. stasis theory asks writers to investigate and try to determine: The facts (conjecture) The meaning or nature of the...
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...Unit 5 Homework Assignments Worth 45 Pts. Total *Review Terms From Unit 1, 2, 3 & 4* 2nd Amendment Establishment Clause Hecklers Veto Probable Cause Schenk v. US/Clear & Present Danger Free Exercise Clause Exclusionary Rule Defamation Double Jeopardy Miranda v. AZ/Self Incrimination Due Process 6th Amendment Grand Jury Indictment Habeas Corpus Swing Justice Original vs. Appellate Jurisdiction Marbury v. Madison/Judicial Review 4th Amendment 8th Amendment Stare Decisis/Precedent Article I Article II 1st Amendment 10th Amendment Article III Eminent Domain 5th Amendment Arraignment Judicial Activism vs. Restraint Gideon v. Wainwright 7th Amendment Civil Law/Tort Law Criminal & Civil Negligence Federal & State District Courts Beyond a Reasonable Doubt 14th Amendment Preponderance of Evidence Majority Opinion of Supreme Crt Federalism Reserved Powers Police Powers Enumerated Powers Griswold v. Connecticut (1965) Roe v. Wade (1973) Commerce Clause McCulloch v. Maryland (1819) Supremacy Clause Necessary & Proper Clause Civil Liberties v. Civil Rights Incorporation Doctrine Brown v. Board of Education (1954) Party Primary General Election Closed Primary Open Primary Caucus Electoral College Gerrymandering Advise & Consent Filibuster & Cloture Speaker of the House Senate Majority Leader Standing Committee Conference Committee Pork Barrel...
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...Italian Fascism vs. German Nazism By Christina Dixon HIS306: Twentieth-Century Europe (BPI1434A) Instructor: Max Fassnacht May 4, 2015 Fascism and Nazism came during a time when there was an economic crisis that was sweeping through Europe. Fascism and Nazism was two familiar totalitarian regimes that was able to arise from Germany and Italy. In Germany, the National socialist party was conducted by Adolf Hitler, while Benito Mussolini conducted the fascist party in Italy. Italy and Germany’s future was based on the education in the schools, since education played an important role between these two nations. The people’s image of Benito Mussolini and Adolf Hitler as two leaders was profoundly the important factors to their popularity. The most essential tool that was allowed in both countries and played a very important role in both political parties was propaganda, which gave both parties the ability to influence the perspectives of the people to their partiality. Italy and Germany are two natural allies, but however they are both different from each other and can be connected in many salutations. “Largo ai Giovani”, Italian for "make way for the young" (Clayton, 2009) was just one of the mottos that was used by Benito Mussolini’s regime. Mussolini’s saying highlights one of the most important aspects during the Fascist Italy and Nazi Germany’s education system. The education system in both countries was not just used for learning but also was the...
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...Hamlet Final Essay What do you think makes Shakespeare’s Hamlet such a powerful and enduring play? Thesis William Shakespeare’s Hamlet (1603) explores the intrinsic aspects of humanity creating a powerful and enduring play by subverting the audiences’ expectation of a revenge tragedy play. Shakespeare enables universal anthropological appreciation through the emphasis on the thematic concerns of: the mystery and transcendental nature of death, clouded grey areas in between the dichotomy of good and evil morals, and the twisted manipulative nature of human behaviour. Therefore, through critical study of the play, Shakespeare augments and connects to the audience’s perspective and interpretations. Body Topic sentence 1. Overarching idea i. Point ii. Quote iii. Technique iv. Elaboration Sample Sentence Linking sentence (concluding sentence) Body 1 – Death Death is the inescapable reality of human life as explored in Shakespeare’s Hamlet, the fact that the living world is made of death and decay is visible anywhere there is life. 1. Hamlet’s bereavement over his father i. Bereavement is an inescapable reality in which all humans must endure. ii. “But I have more within which passes show – These but the trappings and the suits of woe” iii. Rhyming couplet iv. To reinforce Hamlet’s underlying argument to his grief over the finality of his father’s death. Bereavement is an inescapable reality, exemplified when Hamlet says...
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...was born in Kirkcaldy in 1723. He entered Glasgow University at the early age of fourteen. He studied logic, metaphysics, math and later Newtonian physics and moral philosophy under some of the leading scholars of his day. He is famous for his theory that nations achieve their wealth and function best where individuals are free to use their skills and capital in their own self-interest, at their own good judgment and risk. But isn’t that the same as entrepreneurship? In today’s capitalism society each individual is seeking prosperity by risking his or her own capital to gain self-interest. The availability of such option for individuals is what Smith calls freedom. Is that why Smith is also known as ‘the father of capitalism’? Smith taught that prices and wages will automatically reach optimal levels when such freedom is permitted. For instance, jobs that require special training will result in fewer people making that investment and, therefore, ultimate higher wages. This explains why engineers make more money than construction workers. It is not feasible to summarize the “Wealth of Nations” into words, however the concept of what the book is depicting, is the great work of political economy. Political economy which would illustrate the taxonomy of wealth, the ideology of capitalism and the effects of such ideology in prosperity of a Nation. “It has already been explained that the triumph of free...
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...Science vs. Religion Are Science and Religion in Conflict? PHI103: Informal Logic (GSK1124I) For as long as anyone can remember in human history there have been many explanations for events that seem out of human control. In recent civilized history, religious and scientific views have often clashed with one another. Religious ideas are usually presented first and then enough scientific evidence accumulates to dare religious beliefs. These findings of science are met with skepticism and most are considered a heresy. Science and religion exist in a kind of push and pull relationship: just as the yen does not exist without the yang. Science strives to replace religious beliefs with proven scientific theories and religion challenges the scientific theories with the strength and positive effects of a belief. Since the middle ages until the 18th century, religious ideology was the most accepted way of explaining the unexplained. During the next couple hundred years, many members of academia (a school of philosophy), using science to back them up, came up with new ways of dealing with the unanswerable questions. Humans have striven to explain the many mysteries of the universe, and to justify our existence in it. Throughout this journey of self-understanding, numerous standpoints on human existence have evolved and merged into a complex, abstract manifestation called religion. However, as the human race has grown and advanced itself, many ideas expressed...
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...------------------------------------------------- Feminist Stances on Rape ------------------------------------------------- Causes, Activism and Prevention [Author] Abstract Understanding the many different studies and work done by feminists regarding rape and sexual violence. Table of Contents Introduction…………………………………………………………….3 Anti-Rape Movement………………………………………………4 Feminist Perspective…………………………..…………………..7 Amelioration Vs. Backlash……………………………………...9 Conclusion………………………………………………………….…11 Bibliography……………………………………………….…………12 Introduction The definition of rape has been something of dispute for the last number of years. Rape usually is understood to involve some sort of sexual penetration of a person by force or without consent. Rape is committed more by males, usually on a female. In the last three decades, feminist have worked and studied rape with the collective agenda to work towards changing rape in a social and legal manor. Feminist thought and activism have challenges the myth that rape is rape, showing that it is a common experience among girls and women. Although feminists have different theories on why rape occurs, and how to eliminate it, they share the notion that rape is wrong and work towards learning and teaching about rape prevention. This paper will touch on the anti-rape movement, the feminist perspective, and different hypothesis in learning about the different feminist theories of rape. Anti-Rape Movement Feminists have been working for decades towards...
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