...ions when dissolved in water. Electrolytes are present in the human body, and the balance of the electrolytes in our bodies is essential for normal function of our cells and our organs. Electrolytes are important because they are what your cells, especially nerve, heart and muscle use to maintain voltages across their cell membranes and to carry electrical impulses such as nerve impulses and muscle contractions across themselves and to other cells. The major electrolytes that are in our body are as follows: sodium (Na+), potassium (K+), chloride (Cl-), calcium (Ca2+), magnesium (Mg2+), bicarbonate (HCO3-), phosphate (PO42-), sulfate (SO42-). Sodium is an abundant metallic element which is an important mineral for all living organisms. It is also widely used industrially to make an assortment of consumer goods. In a pure form, sodium is a soft, silvery gray, highly reactive metal. Pure sodium is usually stored in a nonreactive substance, as it oxidizes rapidly when exposed to air, quickly forming a thick coating. The soft metal appears in an abundance of compounds, such as sodium chloride, better known as salt. It also exists in high concentrations in seawater, and it is among the 10 most abundant minerals in the Earth's crust. The chemical element of sodium is also highly explosive when exposed to moisture and water. It is the major positive ion in fluid outside of cells. Na+, the chemical notation for sodium is a reference to a Latin word natrium, used...
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...Aoife McElhinney Nutrition 5N2006 Assignment 2 The Dietary Requirements of Individuals/Groups Page 1 of 35 Contents Objectives ............................................................................................................................................... 4 Sources of Fats, Carbohydrates and Proteins within Irish Diet .............................................................. 5 Fats ...................................................................................................................................................... 5 Functions:............................................................................................................................................ 5 Sources of Fats .................................................................................................................................... 5 Carbohydrates..................................................................................................................................... 6 Classification ................................................................................................................................... 6 Main Functions................................................................................................................................ 6 Main Sources:.................................................................................................................................. 6 Proteins .................
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...rare member of the parsley family. This particular plant is hard to find and can only be found in Larimer and Boulder counties with its highest concentration in the Phantom Canyon Preserve. Some other native plant species that can be found in this ecosystem are Bells Twin Pod, Needle-and-Thread Grass, and One-sided Penstemon. The Phantom Canyon Preserve serves as a habitat for species of special concern such as the Black Bear, Mountain Lion, and the Bobcat. This preserve is also home to Bald Eagles in the winter, Golden Eagles, Prairie Falcons, and Red Tail Hawks who make the high canyon walls their home. Only six elements out of ninety-two produced in nature are required and critical to sustain the life of organisms. These elements include hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, and sulfur. These elements make up 95% of all living organisms. The elements combined which are all part of the biogeochemical cycle effect the hydrosphere, atmosphere, biosphere, and geosphere. This is a process where nutrients circulate throughout...
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... are themselves complex, however also fragile. Whether intentional or not, humans have negatively impacted the environment to the point where intervention and management is necessary to preserve or remediate these fragile ecosystems. One such ecosystem is located in the Southeast desert of California, the Algodones Dunes. Although sand dunes are not a typical or popular ecosystem, they do have structural dynamics, human affected biogeochemical cycles, a need and plans for management, and implications of species interactions in that management. Structural Dynamics The Algodones dunes is a band of sand dunes reaching as high as eighty meters that extend seventy five kilometers in length from the Colorado River in Baja California northwest toward Indio. They are eight kilometers in width at the widest point bordered by the Chocolate and Cargo Muchacho Mountain range in the east and the Coachella Canal in the west (Sweet, Nielson, Havholm, & Farrelley, 1988). The sand dunes are formed by Pacific westerlies and weather fronts which blow in a southeast direction. Because of this, the crescent dunes form with a more gradual windward face toward the northwest and a leeward face or sudden drop and slope facing the southeast (Sweet et al, 1988). Home to a highly adapted and diverse plant and animal life, the Algodones dunes are also home to some endangered species such as the Pierson’s milk vetch and Andrew’s dune scarab beetle to name two (Wilshire & Nielson, 2007). The ecosystem...
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...COMPARATIVE TEST Health Drinks Making Milk Richer The concepts of health and energy have perhaps never been as popular—or pursued/coveted— as they are now. (After all, even a leading burger chain is desperately seeking ‘nutritional’ status for its fare.) With market rivalries becoming an intense affair, brand strategists and marketers are eager to refresh their brand’s positioning and image. More often than not, it is the ‘health’ tag that becomes their ‘open sesame’ to the consumer universe. Certainly there is ambiguity to the whole thing and while companies may be tempted to use it to their advantage, as consumers we will be better off if we are aware of what we are consuming. So, over to the health drinks corner. A t an estimated Rs 2,000 crore for the year 2009, it is a big, fat corner, though (and is poised to get bigger as the market for malt beverages in India is expected to reach US$ 1.4 billion [roughly Rs 7,840 crore] by 2016). India is claimed to be the world’s largest malt-based drinks market and accounts for about 22 per cent of the world’s retail volume sales as per reports. 8 Malted beverages are popularly known as health drinks in India. While marketers have positioned such beverages as nutritious drinks, these are widely consumed as taste enhancers to encourage drinking of milk among growing children. Interestingly, several malt-based hot drinks – such as Boost, Complan and Bournvita – have repositioned themselves as health ...
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...COMPARATIVE TEST Health Drinks Making Milk Richer The concepts of health and energy have perhaps never been as popular—or pursued/coveted— as they are now. (After all, even a leading burger chain is desperately seeking ‘nutritional’ status for its fare.) With market rivalries becoming an intense affair, brand strategists and marketers are eager to refresh their brand’s positioning and image. More often than not, it is the ‘health’ tag that becomes their ‘open sesame’ to the consumer universe. Certainly there is ambiguity to the whole thing and while companies may be tempted to use it to their advantage, as consumers we will be better off if we are aware of what we are consuming. So, over to the health drinks corner. t an estimated Rs 2,000 crore for the year 2009, it is a big, fat corner, though (and is poised to get bigger as the market for malt beverages in India is expected to reach US$ 1.4 billion [roughly Rs 7,840 crore] by 2016). India is claimed to be the world’s largest malt-based drinks market and accounts for about 22 per cent of the world’s retail volume sales as per reports. 8 A Malted beverages are popularly known as health drinks in India. While marketers have positioned such beverages as nutritious drinks, these are widely consumed as taste enhancers to encourage drinking of milk among growing children. Interestingly, several malt-based hot drinks – such as Boost, Complan and Bournvita – have repositioned themselves as health drinks. This is completely...
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...Obligation Toward Endangered Wild-life George Michael Olivas American Military University Professor Myers PHIL320 Environmental Ethics July 24th 2013 Abstract The moral agency of a man, all the same, looms ambiguously but more so mirroring an image of self—an image contrary to the ethical framework as it ought relate to the natural world. The premise by which we often grant moral importance to Homo sapiens is the mere membership within that group of species. Naturally the premise carries with it little to no weight and is nearly fallacious. Ethicist Peter Singer prompts humanity on the realism that the only other criteria by which to judge for moral consideration is sentience which definitively applies to broader a species. Sentience, as it is theoretical, is inclusive of moral consideration, "The capacity for suffering and enjoying things is a prerequisite for having interests at all, a condition that must be satisfied before we can speak of interests in any meaningful way (Singer, 1974).” The application of industry leaves a footprint in the delicate ecosystems of the earth which normally espouses a plethora of creatures known to regulate the respective biosphere. Far before humanity wandered to and fro the earth, animal life met extinction by natural causes nevertheless our dominance single-handedly exploits the environment and pollutes far worse than any means of naturalism—subjecting animal life into conditions which factor...
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...uniform and accelerated motion would be a driving are car down a highway, accelerating to get to the speed limit which is 75 and uniform motion would be a car is cruising at 75 miles at that constant speed. 2. What determines the difference between scientific knowledge and non-scientific knowledge? What determines the different between scientific knowledge and non-scientific knowledge is that scientific knowledge is based on a body of techniques for investigating phenomena, acquiring new knowledge and integrating previous knowledge consisting of the data collected through observation, experimentation, and formulation and testing the hypothesis, basically using the scientific method to perform the results. Scientific knowledge is the knowledge that has been gained from analyzing evidence. Non-scientific knowledge is the gathering of information by people or institutions that do know use the scientific method. 3. Why do people mistake what is in diet energy drinks for actual energy? Some ways people might mistake diet energy drinks for actual energy is because when you have energy drinks it is advertised for features of increased muscle strength and endurance, to give you more energy to do things. To make up energy that you are lacking so you can get the necessary task done. I don’t know why and how some...
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...CARBOHYDRATES (sugars, starches, cellulose) * Made from joining H2O and CO2 by plants during photosynthesis * Monomer: Simple sugars: CH2O (ratio of one carbon and one oxygen to every 2 hydrogen) * Three main functions: energy for cells, structural support, cell-cell communication * Three main sources of carbohydrate: starches, sugar and cellulose. 3 Kinds of Sugars A. Monosaccharides (Simple sugars) – Building blocks of more complex carbohydrates. * Glucose (dextrose or blood sugar) - grape sugar, corn sugar, dextrose * Fructose (fruit sugar) - honey * Galactose – (milk sugar) * Mannose - plant sugar: a six-carbon sugar found in many plant cell Molecular Formula: C6H12O6 B. Disaccharides (Double sugars) - Two simple sugars bonded together * Maltose (malt sugar) – made up of two glucose molecule * Lactose (milk sugar) – made up of one glucose molecule and one galactose molecule * Sucrose (table sugar) – made up of one glucose molecule and one fructose molecule Molecular Formula: C12H22O11 C. Polysaccharides (Complex Sugars) – made up of many glucose molecules bonded together in a long chain. 3 Kinds of Polysaccharides: a. Starches – are stored in potatoes, beans and grains. b. Glycogen (animal starch) – stored in animal liver c. Cellulose – found in the cell wall of plant cells Lipids * They are a great source of STORED ENERGY so we have it in the future. * They produce hormones for the body...
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...tropics it creates a reservoir which can house snails and mosquitoes. It can also create a fishery which can accommodate many blackflies for their need for freshwater, but in the process a person done two wrong things in building a dam in the first place. A disease which is called river blindness carried by the blackflies can infect a quantity of people living in the area, the disease can spread due to the blackflies being able to travel long distances and the parasite that produces the larvae may cause blindness in a person. Another effect that a growing human population can have on a freshwater aquatic ecosystem is what scientists call eutrophication, in a eutrophic system a high concentration of phosphorus and nitrogen is contained. Agricultural fertilizers that come from runoff or leaching and groundwater flow is where the nitrogen comes from and the phosphorus comes from the discharge of raw sewage and runoff that comes from farmlands and they enter the lentil waters. The nutrient increase required for...
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...The Effects of Food on the Body Do we eat to live or live to eat? Are we what we eat? Sitting down to a mouth watering breakfast of sizzling smoked Canadian bacon, extra cheesy omelet, garnished with crisp green lettuce leaves and red juicy tomatoes accompanied by warm toasted bread and a tall glass of refreshing apple juice does not only affect our senses but our body as well. Understanding the relationship between food and the body is a fascinating part of science known as Nutrition. Food is any nutritious substance, usually of plant or animal origin, that people eat or drink in order to sustain life (Mosby's Medical Dictionary). Our diet, which consists of the foods we habitually eat, plays a vital role in our well being (Oxford Dictionaries). In light of this fact, the nutritional value of our diet either has a healthy or unhealthy impact on the body. The nutrients found in our diets are essential for the development and maintenance of biological functions that are necessary for sustaining life. Nutrients are the fundamental elements or chemical substances that makeup the foods we eat and they are affected differently by the various biological processes in the body (Mosby's Medical Dictionary). Together, they give food theirs their distinct color, flavor and texture (Tull) There are six types of nutrients which are classified as: macronutrients, micronutrients and water. Macronutrients, as the term implies are large in size and are required in large quantities...
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...School. The gathering of samples was done on the two different seasons of the year, the wet and dry season. The protocols provided by the GLOBE organization were used in conducting the experiments in determining the soil properties. Some of the experimentation proper was done in the school’s Chemistry laboratory and Biology Laboratory. Soil samples were sent to the Department of Agriculture in Trece Martirez City to be able to obtain the results for the pH level and N-P-K Content of the soil. The results showed that the soil in Cavite National Science High School had a pH level of 5.8, temperature of 27.65°C. The nitrogen and potassium content of the soil was low in all of its horizons, sufficient potassium content and medium content of phosphorus. According to the analysis made, there was a significant difference in the bulk density of the soil and there was no significant difference in the soil temperature. Chapter I Introduction Soil covers one third of the earth’s surface which is about thirteen billion hectares and is a renewable resource. This land surface is like a giant storehouse of valuable resources and a portion of it is now being dwelled upon by seven billion people. However, only a portion of this land is suitable for agricultural or...
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... B) cell membrane. C) nucleoid. D) nucleus. E) ribosomes. 2. Cellular foundations Page: 3 Difficulty: 1 A major change occurring in the evolution of eukaryotes from prokaryotes was the development of: A) DNA. B) photosynthetic capability. C) plasma membranes. D) ribosomes. E) the nucleus. 3. Cellular foundations Page: 3 Difficulty: 1 In eukaryotes, the nucleus is enclosed by a double membrane called the: A) cell membrane. B) nuclear envelope. C) nucleolus. D) nucleoplasm. E) nucleosome. 4. Cellular foundations Page: 4 Difficulty: 1 The dimensions of living cells are limited, on the lower end by the minimum number of biomolecules necessary for function, and on the upper end by the rate of diffusion of solutes such as oxygen. Except for highly elongated cells, they usually have lengths and diameters in the range of: A) 0.1 μm to 10 μm. B) 0.3 μm to 30 μm. C) 0.3 μm to 100 μm. D) 1 μm to 100 μm. E) 1 μm to 300 μm. 5. Cellular foundations Page: 4 Difficulty: 2 Which group of single-celled microorganisms has many members found growing in extreme environments? A) Bacteria B) Archaea C) Eukaryotes D) Heterotrophs E) None of the above 6. Cellular foundations Page: 5 Difficulty: 2 The bacterium E. coli requires simple organic molecules for growth and energy—it is therefore a: A) chemoautotroph...
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...Part-A: - Executive Summary: 1. Project background & promoters 1.1 PROJECT AT GLANCE 6 MVA * 1 Sub merged Arc Furnace for Manufacture of Ferro Manganese, Silico Manganese SHARANYA NATURAL RESOURCES & INFRA PROJECTS PRIVATE LIMITED H NO 1-2-110 Shanthi Nagar, Adilabad Andhra Pradesh 1. Sri Sanjay Kumar Makhariya 2. Sri P Shankar 3. Smt P Uma Adilabad, Andhra Pradesh Ferro Alloys - Silico Manganese (SiMn.) / Ferro Manganese (FeMn.) Used in Steel Industry 6*1 MVA Furnace Sub merged Arc Furnace for Ferro Manganese, Silico Manganese (4800 TPA SiMn and 7000 TPA FeMn based on equal utilization for both the products) Rs. 1792.33 Lakhs (Say 1792 lakhs) 60% 85% 90% Rs.868.00 lakhs Existing Proposed Term Loan – NIL Rs. 925.00 Lacs CC Limit – NIL Rs. 403.00 Lacs LC/FLC -NIL Rs. 50.00 Lacs One (1) Year Moratorium from Commercial production + 6 Years – Total Seven (7) years from Commercial production Name of the Company Registered Office Names of the Board of Directors Plant location Product Application Installed capacity Project Cost Capacity utilization of Year 2013-14 Year 2014-15 Year 2015-16 & onwards Promoter’s Contribution Banking limit - Term loan - Cash credit - LC/FLC Repayment Period Debt-Equity Ratio Project total (overall) TERM Loan (only) 1.53 : 1 1.07 : 1 3.49 times 5.05 times 40.51% Average DSCR - Gross - Net IRR SHARANYA NATURAL RESOURCES & INFRA PROJECTS PRIVATE LIMITED H NO 1-2-110 Shanthi Nagar, Adilabad Andhra Pradesh Page 1 of 76 1.2. ABOUT...
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...Acknowledgement We would never have been able to finish our dissertation without the guidance of our neighbors, help from friends, and support from my family. We would like to express my deepest gratitude to my advisor, Mrs. Modie Flores, for her excellent guidance, caring, patience, and providing us with an excellent atmosphere for doing research. We would like to thank our Parents, who let us experience the research of Malunggay Cupcake in the field and practical issues beyond the textbooks, internet, patiently corrected our writing and financially supported our research. We would also like to thank Menchie Hermones, and Ludy Balagosa, for guiding our research for the past several weeks and helping us to develop our background in biochemistry. We would like to thank our Classmates, who as a good friend, was always willing to help and give their best suggestions. It would have been a lonely lab without them. We would also like to thank our parents, two elder sisters, and elder brother. They were always supporting us and encouraging us with their best wishes. We give thanks to God almighty for giving us the understanding, knowledge and wisdom during the course of our study. Finally, we would like to thank our classmate Auntie, Sally Barral. She was always there cheering us up and stood by us through the good times and bad. Dedication ...
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