...believed that the future crime fighters will need to understand what he calls the co evolution of crime commission and crime fighting. (Ritter, 2006) Technological advances will have a profound effect on crime fighting, according to Vila. (Schmalleger, 2011). Developments in surveillance, biometrics, DNA analysis and radio frequency will have a great influence on crime fighting. According to Vila, the future will bring improvements in systems that will allow officials to talk electronically to one another in cases of emergencies and other situations that require the need. (Ritter, 2006). He has the belief that the connections between the citizens and agencies will lead to a decrease in criminal opportunities. (Schmalleger, 2011). DNA profiling or DNA fingerprinting makes use of the human DNA for purposes of identification. The DNA is found in people’s blood, saliva, skin tissue, hair, bone and...
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...the officer wants to search your car. After much hassle you are finally free to go, yet still have no explanation as to why you were pulled over to begin with. Now imagine you are black and the officer is white. You have probably just experienced racial profiling. Racial profiling is a problem which is gaining widespread notoriety in the United States. It may be the most important homeland issue we face today. Racial profiling is a clear violation of the civil rights of United States citizens. Not only does racial profiling affect civilians, but it actually makes law enforcement ineffective. Most efforts to investigate and eradicate racial profiling have failed due to unclear findings and a lack of accountability on the part of law enforcement. New measures must be taken in conjunction with current measures to curb racial profiling. A stringent federal program to monitor and survey our nation’s police officers is needed. The public also needs to become more involved in efforts to stop racial profiling. Until these measures are taken, racial profiling will continue to eat away at the heart of our nation. Racial profiling is one of the most important civil rights issues facing our country today. Not only does racial profiling affect the direct victims, it negatively affects all people of color, in all generations, of all levels of economic standing. The integrity and accountability of...
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...Racial Profiling Still Active Today Research Methodology in Public Safety Racial Profiling “It is said that Milwaukee Police Departments are said to be “racial profiling” due to their Police Chief implementing a “traffic stop initiative” only in African American Communities. The Police Chief tried to say it that it wasn’t “racial profiling” but rather “targeting the high crime areas of Milwaukee (White, 2010).” Racial profiling occurs when police routinely use races as a factor that causes an officer to react with suspicion to take action. Though the Police Chief feels he is doing the right thing by supposedly protecting “black victims,” the community feels that the police department is “racially profiling.” Racial profiling in my opinions an ineffective strategy. It says that you don’t want to learn about your community person’s behavior and you’re just ready to judge the person by the color of the skin. It cannot be disputed that the perception of racial profiling by police department still exist within minority communities and societies at large. This is a recurrent topic of debate and divisive issue in many communities. This was clearly seen and addressed when I saw the problem first hand when I worked in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. Questions: Some questions to be asked are: 1. Should police do more to control excessive force? 2. Should...
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...racial profiling and they blame the justice system for the higher number of minority inmates. I believe that it’s because of the drug-war and poverty and not as much the justice system racial profiling. There is no way to answer this question without looking farther into what racial profiling is, and what affects it has on people. From my understanding, when most people hear the words racial profiling they automatically think of black Americans being harassed by the police or other law enforcement officials. Racial profiling does not just consist of law enforcement officers arresting or detaining minorities because of their color or ethnicity. It also consists of people harassing other people differently because of their name, appearance, beliefs, and any personal trait they have. Merrian-Webster defines profiling, as the act or process of extrapolating information about a person based on known traits or tendencies. (Profiling, 2013) In my opinion, most people do some sort of racial profiling on a daily basis. It may be something as simple as locking your door when you drive through a bad part of town. This does not make you a bad person because statistics may prove that where you are driving does typically have a higher crime rate, but does it make it right? Quoting statistics at this time is not going to open any eyes or prove any points. At this time, I would just like to discuss the different points of view on profiling in general, where racial profiling is or...
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...Fingerpriting Kodi Conner CRJ311: Forensics Paul Stein June 24th 2012 Fingerprinting DNA fingerprinting, also called DNA profiling, applies a test to determine the unique DNA sequence that each person has for the purpose of identification. In the 1930s, police detectives found each person has different patterns on the tips of the fingers, and these fingerprints became the standard for identification. However, the finger patterns can be altered by surgery or other means. DNA within living cells is difficult to alter. Sir Alec Jeffreys at the University of Leicester invented genetic printing in the mid 1980s. The DNA profile is similar to a fingerprint, existing only for that person. Jeffreys coined the term DNA fingerprint and envisioned its powerful use. A single hair, a drop of blood, semen, or other body fluid can reveal the identity of a person. DNA fingerprinting is used for identifying people, studying populations, and forensic investigations. It is in the area of forensics and crime detection that DNA use is the most promising-- as well as the most controversial. The technology of DNA fingerprinting is based on a single assumption that no two people have the same DNA. The 3-billion-base sequence is made of four biochemical blocks or nucleotides: adenine...
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...In the last decade, DNA analysis has become a mainstay of the criminal justice system the gold standard for identification (Liptak). The role of deliberation in the integration of technology and society examines where we, as a society, have reached a consensus or should on the use of DNA in the justice system, and also points to the unsettled areas of debate in which there remains room for reasonable disagreement. DNA technology has been rapidly and fairly easily integrated into the courtroom; its integration into the pre and post-trial areas has been slower and more complex. Nevertheless, some broad areas of agreement exist, or should exist, in these areas, including: that some level of post-conviction relief is warranted; and that some forms of DNA databases are effective and appropriate investigatory tools. Areas of Consensus There are two broad areas of consensus. First, that DNA changes the meaning of time in the justice system. From this principle follows a number of measures to take in consideration: that evidence must be preserved; that there should be statutory criteria for post-conviction access and review of evidence; and those statutes of limitation should be increased or abolished. The second area of consensus is that DNA databases in some form, at least are legitimate and effective investigatory tools. Time has been deeply programmed into justice both pre conviction, with respect to statutes of limitation, and post-conviction, in limitations on bringing...
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...DNA Fingerprinting Using Agarose Gel S. Aaron Sowards Bio 122 Lab 04 Brianna Adanitsch Jakob Lester Minhenga Ngijoi 2/21/18 Dr. Chad R. Sethman Abstract DNA fingerprinting is the process of analyzing an individual’s DNA base-pair patterns. The DNA fingerprinting lab involved identifying the suspect using Agarose Gel and Polymerase Chain Reaction. It was found that suspect two s DNA matched the crime scene DNA. This is known because suspect twos DNA traveled the same distance as the crime scene DNA. DNA Fingerprinting Using Agarose Gel Introduction In 1984 Dr. Alex Jeffreys came up with deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) fingerprinting, which is also known as DNA profiling or DNA typing. DNA fingerprinting is the analyzing...
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...research is the problem and purpose statement, looking at research methods, finding potential study participants, research questions, and the viability of the topic. Problem and Purpose Statement Right now the country is faced with a serious issue and that issue is racial profiling. Events in Feguerson, Missouri, Cleveland, and New York have put civil rights and racial profiling into the spotlight. It is an issue that is not going away anytime soon and needs to be study. By studying arresting data and speaking with interviewing and polling individual in the community and law enforcement will we be able to understand racial profiling and its entirety. This could be done with something like a gallop poll or telephone surveys where people are selected at random across the nation. The problem is how law enforcement is using racial profiling in the field when it comes to making decisions. . Specifically, the problem is how minorities are stopped at a higher level than those of non-minorities. Over the years, African Americans, Hispanics, and since 9/11, people from the Middle East have been subjected to higher instances of investigative detentions, searches, traffic stops, etc. By definition, "racial profiling" occurs when a law enforcement officer questions, stops, searches, arrests, or investigates and individual because the officer holds a prejudicial notion that members of that person's racial or ethnic group have a greater likelihood than the rest of the population to commit...
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...Forensic Science and Murder: The Ted Bundy Case Sheila Hawkins Criminalistics Abstract Forensic science is the foundational element of all crime investigation procedures. Recent advances in forensic technologies make possible to resolve even the most challenging crimes. This paper tells a story of Ted Bundy, a serial killer, whose case was solved with the help of forensic science. Implications and possible changes in case investigation are proposed. Keywords: forensic science, Ted Bundy, serial killer, case, solve. The Ted Bundy Case Forensic science is at the heart of all crime investigation procedures. Recent advances in forensic science make possible to solve even the most challenging cases. The contribution of forensic science to crime investigation is difficult to overestimate: according to Ribaux, Walsh and Margot (2006), forensic science facilitates accreditation, standardization, and interpretation of forensic evidence and ensures the scientific efficiency and objectivity of crime data. The case of Ted Bundy, a serial killer, is no exception: it is with the help of forensic science that the crimes committed by Ted Bundy were solved. The story of Ted Bundy is believed to have started between 1973 and 1974, when he committed his first murders. In just two years, Bundy managed to kill almost two dozens of girls (Ramsland, n.d.). Victims’ age ranged from 12 to 20; some of them were reported to be missing, whereas others vanished from their rooms, leaving...
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...Wrongfully Convicted Community Corrections April 16th, 2014 Early English customs condemned as felonies seven offenses: Mayhem, Homicide, Rape, Larceny, Burglary, Arson, and Robbery. All other offenses were misdemeanors. Criminal Law forces us to confront the most important moral dilemmas of our time. There are many factors to the word innocent. We are taught to believe that what we see or hear is the truth. But what if, what we were told to believe as the truth is a lie. An implication of someone else’s wrong doing. Someone else’s Crime… Men and Women throughout the decade have been wrongfully accused and convicted of a crime that they did not commit. The United States Department of Justice, Bureau of Justice Statistics, admits that statistically 8 to 12 percent of all state prisoners are either actually or factually innocent. * Patrick Waller- He lost 16 years of his life. Cleared by DNA evidence and set free July 3rd 2008. * Tim Brian Cole- He lost 25 years of his life. Cole died in prison on December 2nd 1999, during an asthma attack. He was later cleared by DNA evidence. * Kerry Max Cook- He lost 22 years of his life. Two decades on death row, was released due to DNA evidence in 1999. * Earl Washington- He lost 10 years of his life. On death row, later cleared by DNA evidence in 1999. These are just 4 out of 100 people that are wrongfully convicted of a crime. We are set out to believe that the Justice System is fair. What if we are...
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...Everything Isn’t Racial Profiling By Linda Chavez Critical analysis Racial Profiling is a Good Bias "I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed: 'We hold these truths to be self-evident that all men are created equal.'… I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character."(King, 1963, P.49) These were the words of the infamous Martin Luther King, a man whose goal in life was to strain to give this world racial equality and stop racial profiling and injustice. Linda Chavez, the author of the article ‘Everything Isn’t Racial Profiling’ argues that racial profiling is an ugly business and that it is just wrong and unjust, as she herself was subjected to it. Linda’s argument is that racial profiling is undeniably wrong, but the fact that security puts people under scrutiny is correct. I think the author’ argument is quite legitimate and convincing. Racial profiling is biased, but in some cases it is permissible, especially when it comes to airline safety. ‘Everything Isn’t Racial Profiling’ is an article that talks about how racial profiling is generally immoral, but in some certain times putting certain people under scrutiny is logical. Chavez clarifies that it is unpleasant to be a victim of racial profiling especially if you know it happens because of your nationality or the color of your skin...
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...In this paper, I will be focusing on the act of racial profiling, which has become quite common in the contemporary society. Racial profiling refers to the practice of using race as the main ground for suspecting individuals of having committed an offense. I will be sharing this article with the history professor in Sunderland University. Racial Profiling Component of Article The article that I will review and is related to this topic on racial profiling is named “Race and Justice: Wrongful Convictions of African American Men” is written by Feagin Joe. Precisely, this article mainly talks about how the African Americans tend to be wrongly convicted due to racial prejudice and discrimination (Feagin, 2013). In order to gather adequate...
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...of crime documentary, TV play series and Hollywood thriller, offender profiling has already become the most famous work of law enforcement in the world. Offender profiling is a frequently-used method in criminal psychology, but there are also some people who worry about the abusing of offender profiling by the police or crews(eg. Arrest someone only because he and the general criminal has one thing in common, or even just base on the color of the skin). This essay will focus on a series of queries and common questions about offender profiling. More information on this article will be presented in the introduction. Offender profiling(CP) has also been called criminal profiling, psychological profiling or crime scene...
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...Bernard, J. Thomas, Calnon, M. Jennifer, Engel, S. Robin. Theory and racial profiling: Shortcomings and future directions in research: Pages 250-273. 20 October 2015. The authors reviewed thirteen studies that collected data on police-citizen contact during traffic stops or interrogation. Each found racial disparities in the total rates of the stops. Criminal justice researches have focused on determining the relative influence of legal factors on decision making. Researchers found that the impact of racial prejudice on criminal justice agents’ has decreased in importance for at least thirty years. Prior to the 1970’s racial prejudice was appropriate and reasonable, but since then police departments have made managerial efforts to reduce prejudice...
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...Leonel Solis CRJ 1113-001 @01596890 Date: 2/24/2017 Describe racial profiling and racially biased policing. Explain why these phenomena have become significant issues in policing. What steps have been taken to eliminate racial bias among police? I. Describe racial profiling and racially biased policing. An African American man and his family are seen driving in the Dominion by police officers whom immediately pull them over to question their reasoning for being there. This is an example of racial biased policing that has become a problem in today’s world. Racial biased policing include racial profiling which is: “any action taken by police officers due to the color or ethnicity of a person instead of the behavior that the individual is performing or information that leads officers to an individual fitting the description of who is engaging or has engaged in a criminal activity” (Schmallenger 2016). This now know type of policing targets multiple people on account of race, gender, sexuality, age and etc. II. Explain why these phenomena have become significant issues in policing....
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