...Introduction, Concept and Justification of the project: Medicinal plants are valuable natural resources which have been used in virtually all cultures. It is estimated that the number of higher plant species used worldwide for medicinal purposes is more than 50,000 (Schippmann et al., 2002). This equates to approximately 20% of the world’s vascular flora and constitutes the biggest spectrum of biodiversity used by people for a specific purpose (Hamilton et al., 2006). In fact, of the total pharmaceutical drug supply available worldwide, only 15% is consumed in developing countries (Lydecker et al., 1992), supporting the much-quoted WHO’s estimate that 80% of people worldwide rely on traditional medicine for their primary healthcare. The majority of these people are in developing countries, where rapid population growth is expected to increase pressures on medicinal plant resources. In the recent past the role of medicinal plants to cure various ailments has been reinvented. Increasing interest by multinational pharmaceutical companies and domestic manufacturers of herbal-based medicines is contributing significant economic growth of the global medicinal plants sector. However, unsustainable exploitation of medicinal plants has led to the extinction of many plants and many plants are on the verge of extinction. Internationally, the trade in medicinal plants is estimated to be worth $60 billion per year (World Bank, 2004) increasing at a rate of 7% a year (Koul and Wahab...
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...SESSION: MARCH 2011-SEPTEMBER 2011 NIPS COLLEGE OF IT AND MANAGEMENT ALL AHABAD [Synopsis and Project Guidelines] MCA-6th Semester BCA-6th Semester PGDCA-2nd Semester And MBA-4th Semester IMPORTANT DATE S ynopsis Approval Last Date Project S ubmission Date MBA S ynopsis Approval Last Date MBA Project S ubmission Date : : : : 20/05/2011 27/07/2011 30/05/2011 10/08/2011 IMPORTANT INFORMATION MCA-6th S em Project Coordinator PGDCA-2nd S em Project Coordinator BCA-6th Sem Project Coordinator MBA- 4th S em Project Coordinator : Mrs Seema S rivastava : Mr.Gangesh Kumar :Mr.Deepak Mishra Ph:9451686685 :Mr. Jitendra Kumar Keswani Ph: 8081313153 SYNOPSIS GUIDELINE SYNOPSIS AND PROJECT GUIDELINES MCA- BCA- PGDCAMCA -6 BCA-6 & PGDCA -2 Synopsis Format 1. Introduction Of Project 2. Objective Of The Project 3. Scope Of The Project 4. Project Plan 5. The Existing System 6. Background Of The Organization 7. Current Problems 8. Areas For Improvement 9. Proposed System 10. Input/Output Requirement 11. Hardware And Software Requirement 12. Database Requirement 13. System Design 14. Tables And Fields For Database 15. Database Dictionary 16. E-R Diagram 17. ‘0’ Level DFD 18. ‘1’ Level DFD 19. Security Control 20. Future Scope Of The Project 21. Conclusion NIPS COLLEGE OF IT & MANAGEMENT ALLAHABAD Ph: 0532-3291133 th th nd 1 SYNOPSIS AND PROJECT GUIDELINES 22. Reference Or Bibliography Some Suggested Project Title 1. Bank Transactions Management 2. Hotel...
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...poorest profitability and growth records in the American economy. Yet, despite operating in a fundamentally troubled industry, during this time period, Nucor enjoyed an annual compounded sales growth rate of 17%, all generated organically. Furthermore, the company’s profit margins were consistently well above industry medians, and average annual return to shareholders exceeded 20% (see Box 1 for a business profile of Nucor Corporation). Nucor achieved this phenomenal and sustained success by excelling at a single task: creating and mobilizing knowledge in order to become, and remain, the most efficient steel producer in the world. It did so by developing and constantly upgrading three competencies that were both strategic and proprietary: plant construction and start-up know-how, manufacturing process know-how, and ability to adopt breakthrough technologies earlier and more effectively than competitors. We present below an analysis of...
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...consumption are sunlight, temperature, precipitation, water, and soil. Sunlight and temperature are both contributions to energy consumption. By using the sunlight and the temperature we can use other renewable resources for sources of light and energy instead of using the nonrenewable resources we currently use. Water and soil are affected by sunlight and temperature already. Living factors that may contribute or be affected by energy consumption are herbivores (animals that only eat plants), carnivores (Animals that feed on other animals or material of animal origin), and omnivores (Animals that feed on material of both plant and animal origin). When the plants are affected by energy consumption that means that there are less of them for the herbivores to eat and stay alive. If these herbivores don’t have food to eat and stay healthy they will die and the carnivores which feed off of them may get sick and pass on themselves. Omnivores are affected because they may also get sick from eating plants and other animals which are unhealthy due to lack of...
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...the most diverse ecological community and habitats found in the state. The Shut-In Mountain Fens preserve features of more than 15 types of fen communities ("Missouri Shut-In Fens", 2010). It is located in the Ozark Mountains in the southern central part of the state. In 2010, researchers found the rare carnivorous palnt called the Small Bladderwort growing here. The plant is an aquatic plant species that floats on the ponds, lakes and marshes with almost no root system. This animal eating plant feeds off of aquatic invertebrates, such as mosquito larvae, protozoans and tiny crustaceans. That is not the only thing that has been found in the plants traps though. Small tadpoles and newly hatched fish have also been found to fall prey to this carnivorous plant. The Small Bladderwort is Missouri’s only carnivorous plant. A plant eating animals is a rare quality, so to find one around where you live is an exciting thing. The plant does not really have an intrinsic value. It is mainly just about what they are and what they are about. It is not thought that this plant has any beneficial use to humans, other than the plant is hughly unique. The Shut-In Mountain fen is also the only home to the Current River Saddled Darter. This fish species is only founf here, in the Current River watershed. This fish is a federally endangered species due to it only having one place in the world that it can be found. This fish is not really unique, only that it is only fooun here. I do not think that it...
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...SPECIES DESCRIPTION SIZE €PRICE(PER TREE) Bare Rooted Our trees are quoted for bare rooted unless otherwise stated. Alders Common Alder Quick growing up to 20m, for shelter. Grows well in heavy or wet soils. Wind resistant. Suitable for costal locations. 1-2ft 5ft 10ft 10ft €1-2 €8 €30 €50 (potted) (Alnus glutinosa) Italian Alder Quick growing up to 20m. More decorative than other alders; tolerating drier and limey soil, wind resistant; For shelter and avenue planting. (Alnus cordata). 1-2ft 5ft 10-14ft 10-14ft 15-20ft - €1-2 €10 €25 €40-50 (potted) €75-125 Red Alder Initially very quick growing up to 20m; withstands wind and coastal conditions; for shelter belts, copses etc. (Alnus rubra) 9ft 9ft 15-20ft 15-20ft - €18 €30 (potted) €75 €130-140 (potted) Ashes Common Ash Grows up to 30m, on most soils even limey; vigorous root system, withstands wind and coastal conditions. 2-3ft 3-5ft 9ft 10-14ft 10-14ft €2-3 €6 €18 €30 €40-50 (potted) (Fraxinus excelsior) Fine Leaved Ash Grows quickly up to 25m. Decorative foliage, wind resistant, grows anywhere. 12ft+ 12ft+ €30 €40-50 (potted) (Fraxinus angustifolia) Manna Ash Grows up to 15m in most soils; decorative, snowy white flowers in May. 8-9ft €30 (Fraxinus ornus) Beeches Copper Beech Up to 30m. Very decorative, needs some shelter; good growing, used as specimen and hedging. . 3ft €3 3ft €8-9 (potted) 5ft €15 5ft €20 (potted) 8ft €20-25 8ft €30-35 (potted) 9ft €25-30 9ft €35-40...
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...many steps and stages to achieving a true friendship. However, one can think building a friendship is like planting a garden. For many people, planting a garden represents devotion and leisure. It takes patience to grow a garden, frustrations and hardships are also involved in the process. Firstly the seed is planted. The seed builds the foundation of a strong and stable plant. It has to be taken care of and watered daily. Then the shoots start sprouting, the plant is finally flourishing. One can see day by day the garden maturing. Then one day the garden starts to wilt, its dying. One has to tend to it and have the patience and determination to bring it back to life. It frustrates one to see the insects and predators preying on the beautiful garden that once existed. But hard work and devotion regains the gardens beauty and gives it life again. Soon a shoots blossom and bloom into beautiful flowers. The charm and divine beauty of the garden is a wonderful enlightening sight. Building a friendship has similar characteristics. One meets a person and plants the seed of friendship. The friendship builds and continues to grow stronger. It requires devotion of time and patience to achieve peak communication between the two companions. The struggle to keep a solid friendship includes many obstacles and hardships. But compromising, devotion and the willingness to endure are bound to payoff in the end. As Bernard Wolf quotes ^It takes a long time to...
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...feed industry. This industry, TFI are facing a few difficulties in operational and human resource management. Which later on will be further discussed and elaborated. One obstacle the company’s facing is balancing the plant’s production load, due to the plant producing different feeds which takes time and to set up and change over feeds for different animal and variants. Another issue is the shortage supply of quality raw materials and reliability of the adequate quality of raw materials. Orders of raw materials in bulk isn’t really advisable for that the animal feeds have a limited shelf life. Lastly is the need to pre-empt the entry of a disruptive labor organization into the company. Although resolving this issue will be costly and grim, the company has a few opportunities to even out this concern. And they are: customers are loyal and they do not like to switch from one brand to another for the sme batch of animal feeds, the company demands for goods are always high, the companies distribution chain is high and strong within the region, livestock farmers do not like to switch from one brand to another for the same batch of animals. TFI Inc. is attempting to fully comply with the orders of their clients, but due the plants limitation. Orders of Brief description of the study 1. Critical factors or forces that have most influence on the industry that generate risks-opportunities or threats 2. Prospects of the industry 3. Recommendation ...
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...called the permafrost layer. The tundra may get less than five inches of precipitation a year, but it is still very wet in the summer. The water that comes from the melting ice has nowhere to go. During the summer, the tundra is one big open, rolling area of ground, covered with many small lakes and ponds. During the summer, days are close to 24 hours long. This is when there is light for the little plants that grow. The plants in the tundra are only about four inches high, many being perennials. The plants consist of grasses, sedges, mosses, little flowering plants, and tiny dwarf willow bushes. They grow in dense round cushions or mats that hug the ground. Hugging the ground helps protect them from the cold and drying winds. In the rocky area, lichens grow on the rocks. Lichens are early land plants and are between an alga and a fungus. They have no roots. Tundra plants grow rapidly because the growing season is only six to ten weeks long. Many reproduce by growing new roots and shoots, rather than by making seeds. The earth in the tundra is not really soil. Dead plant material slowly decomposes because it is so cold. The constant melting and...
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...decrease, you would also see a decrease in population for the Brown Bear, Arctic Fox, and Polar Bear. The variation of plant and animal life in the tundra is important in order to sustain life as well as a means to control the population of each organism. Biodiversity Biodiversity is the variety of all living things. It is made up of the following: Genetic Diversity -The raw material that makes adaptation and microevolution possible in an environment. Species Diversity - The variety of species in an environment. Ecosystem diversity - The organisms and abiotic factors of an environment. Trophic Structure A trophic structure is the feeding relationship among the various species in a community. Producers use light energy to power the synthesis of organic compounds. They are called autotrophs and are the base for all food chains. Consumers, also known as heterotrophs, depend on producers, either directly or indirectly. Herbivores are plant eating consumers and primary consumers. Carnivores, meat eating consumers, and omnivores, both meat and plant consumers, are secondary consumers. Tertiary consumers are carnivores that eat secondary consumers and quaternary consumers are carnivores that eat tertiary consumers. Not all consumers eat other living organisms. Some get their energy from detritus. This is the dead material such as animal waste, plant litter, or dead organisms left behind from all levels of the trophic structure. Detritivores consume detritus. Often called...
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...TITLE Determining the diversity of plant species communities on the forest interior and forest edge on the UTM campus and testing the association of two plant species; garlic mustard and Crown Vetch INTRODUCTION The underlying purpose of this field exercise was to determine the two main components of species diversity; richness and evenness. Richness is defined as the number of species along a transect while evenness is the dominance or distribution of species. In the first part of the exercise, In order to measure the richness (species diversity), 20m line transects were laid in the forest interior and forest edge on the UTM campus and the total number of individuals of each plant species were recorded. In the second part of the exercise, to measure the the association of two plant species; Garlic mustard and Crown vetch was determined by looking for the presence or absence of the species within the hoop. The hypothesis for the first part of the experiment would be that there will be higher species diversity on the forest edge. The prediction for the first exercise will be that more number of individuals will be found on the forest edge along the transect (richness) and the distribution of species will be highly uneven on the forest edge. The hypothesis for the second...
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...words. References: Basics and Beyond Language III,pp. 153-160 Materials: Charts, drawings, chalk board Value integration: Appreciating God’s creation III.Procedure Teachers activity Pupils activity A. Preparatory activities 1.Prayer 2. Checking of attendance 3.Spelling 1. beautiful The young lady is beautiful. 2. bright The bright child perfected the test yesterday. 3. mountains The mountains are full of trees. 4.pretty The pretty baby is smiling. 5.insects There are many insects in the forest. 4.Review Direction : Underline the verb in each sentence. 1.Tom waters the plants every morning. 2.The girls clean the backyard. 3.The boys dig the canal. 4.The men work hard to keep the community clean. 5. The women cook delicious food. 5.Motivation Take a look around you. What can you see? Can you describe them? I can see clean black board. I can see blue sky. I can see beautiful and handsome Classmates....
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...DATA TABLE: ECOLOGY LESSON 1 Lesson 1: Step 1 | Plant A | Plant B | Prediction: starting population | Both plants’ populations will start at equivalent numbers. | Prediction: ending population | Both plant’s will reach equilibrium at the same time, unless one is dominant. Then the dominant plant’s ending population will optimize, while the other plant will die out. | | Starting population | 6,000 | 3,500 | Ending population | 10,000 | 0 | Lesson 1:Step 2 | Plant A | Plant B | Herbivore A | Prediction: starting population | Will continue to prosper, but it’s ending population will be lower than that in step 1. | Will have more of a chance of surviving for a longer period of time. | Will grow with plant A | Prediction: ending population | Lower than that in part 1 | Higher than in part 1. Higher than plant A. | Will grow as plant A decreases. | Starting population | 5,256 | 3,700 | 1,312 | Ending population | 3,335 | 4,998 | 2,055 | Responses to questions | Step 1 1. What assumptions does this model make about co-dominance as well as the general terrain of the ecosystem? That the more dominant species will prosper the most due to competition. The terrain’s conditions are suitable for only one plant to prosper. 2. Do you find one producer to be dominant? Why might one producer be dominant over another?Yes. Plant A was dominant. I think the reason is that Plant A was most suited for the terrain.Step 2 1. Does adding the herbivore establish...
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...Farm Factories “It takes 5,000 gallons of water to produce one pound of meat while growing one pound of wheat takes only 25 gallons”(Go Veg, Wasted Resource). The number of people who want to help the environment is growing but many of them do not know how to give a helping hand. There are many things out there that can be done to help the planet from self destruction, but one of the best ways would be to consider a life of vegetarianism. Farm factories are having many negative impacts on our planet. Farm factories impact the environment from the use of land, water and even the way waste is handle. Many of the waters are being contaminated by animal waste because many factories chose to dispose of it in small bodies of water. Waters across the country are now being threatened by the expose of to much waste. The waste that is being release into the water contains phosphorus and nitrogen. When water is exposed to too much of these two nutrients it sometimes robs water from oxygen. When oxygen is robed from water it can lead to the death of many sea animals. Waste can also contain salt and heavy metal that is harmful to the food chain. Since the water is contaminated and that same water moves up the food chain and does further damage to not just animals but also humans. Many farm factories have “lagoons”, which is the area they dump there waste but a lot of this lagoon water is release into ground water. Many of the farm factories use their own ground water for their own...
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...1. Give 3 examples of endemic and 3 examples of an invasive species. Endemic species invasive species Blue fin tuna snakehead fish Asian elephant stink bugs Sperm whale Zebra mussels 2. Pick one species (endemic or invasive) and discuss its role in the environment. I choose an endemic species the Asian elephant. The elephants importance is that they assist with logging forests, carry heavy material, and assist as transportation. They have the ability to walk in areas where machines are unable to go, their vital role in an ecosystem is they modify the habitat that affects all other plants and animals. They provide water for other animals by digging water holes in the dry seasons (they can easily locate water underground). They make paths in the forest by pushing brush and pulling down trees and also disperse seeds of fruits by depositing them in their dung. 3. What economic impact does it have on human society? Endangerment affecting humans is due to the destruction of habitats there’s not enough food in the small forest for the elephants so they go and look for other food sources which are crops in nearby fields. Attempts were made to locate these animals but because of change in habitats they’ve raided villages and destroyed homes and crops not only do they pose a danger to human society we also pose a danger to...
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