...Coal workers’ pneumoconiosis disease is a type of pneumoconiosis. According to CDC, "pneumoconioses are a group of interstitial lung diseases caused by the inhalation of certain dusts and the lung tissue’s reaction to the dust" (Unknown, 2012). Coal worker's pneumoconiosis(CWP) is one of the common pneumoconioses diseases. CWP is not ethical, sexual, racial, or nutritional related. Instead it is environmental related. This type of pneumoconiosis can happen to anyone, it all depends on how long and how severe the exposure to coal dust is. How is CWP diagnosed? Different signs and symptoms of CWP include, cough, chest pain, breathlessness, impaired lung function, difficulty breathing, and progressive lung stiffening. There is only one true way to tell if someone has CWP and that is a chest X-ray and pulmonary function testing to see the lungs. These diagnostic studies found that once CWP was diagnosed it was too late to treat. This was due to no early signs. Instead of treating it there were ways that came to prevent it. Due to it being left untreated causes complications like lung cancer, respiratory and heart failure,...
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...Da Ai Qing Chen(大爱清尘) Origin Wang Keqin, the founder of Da Ai Qing Chen, was a very famous journalist before 2011. In the middle of nineties, he got a chance to interview the coal miners working in Gansu province. At that time, he met the vice-supervisor – Lao Huang, who is responsible for supervising the coal mining, and Lao Huang was having a very serious dust lung (pneumoconiosis). He coughed all the time and sometimes he could not breathe at all. After a few years, Lao Huang died from the disease for not getting any single fresh air. Later, more cases went to Wang Keqin’s desk. Then he realized it is such a severe issue that there must be someone or some groups to help those hopeless people with the disease. Finally, he decided to help those helpless workers and established the charity group – Da Ai Qing Chen. Brief Introduction Dust lung (pneumoconiosis) is the most serious occupational disease in China. According to the statistics from the department of public health, nearly 90% of the occupational disease is dust lungs and the death rate is as high as 22%. Based on the research, in China, there are at least 6 million dust lung patients. Almost all of them are from lowest class. They do not have a penny to spend on hospital so to their data, currently China has at least six million peasants with the disease. In order to help those people, Da Ai Qing Chen was set up in order to help pay their hospital bills with the public donations. Everything happens for a reason, and...
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...strengths are and where we can improve on. The significance of this study is that it tackles an issue where our country continues to lag behind industrialized nations like Japan. The continued number of work-related accidents in our country affects millions of workers who continue to be at risk due to poor working conditions. The study aims to draw recommendations that will help our government policy makers in strengthening areas that we need to improve on. Contents Health and Safety Measures for Workers in Japan i Introduction ii Study 1 Background 1 Policy and Legislation 1 Industrial Accident Prevention Organization Law (enacted 1964) 1 Industrial Safety and Health Law 1 Working Environment Measurement Law 1 Pneumoconiosis Law 2 Ordinances 2 11th Industrial Accident Prevention Plan 2 The Japan Industrial Safety and Health Association (JISHA ) 3 JISHA OSHMS Standards Certification 4 Statistics 5 Competitive and Safety Rankings 6 Change in accident rate per 1‚000 workers in all industries (1989–2008) 6 Safety and Health measures for workers in the...
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...Expert Systems This paper will explain what Expert Systems are about, how it works the benefits and detriments and give an example about the system. Experts Systems is a man-made cleverness program that has expert level knowledge about a particular area and knows how to use its knowledge to respond properly. In all aspects the expert systems should replace a human expert. As defined by Edward Feigenbaum, “expert system is a wise computer program that uses knowledge and reading procedures to solve problems that are difficult to require major human expertise for their solutions.” (Robin, 2010) Additionally expert systems are usually considered to have six major components which give detail information about how the system works. It is obvious that expert systems must work behaviorally with system users in assisting them in making better decisions. The system interacts with the user by constantly asking for information until it is ready to make a decision. Once the system has gathered the information needed, an answer is returned to the user. It is important to remember that not only must the system assist in making the decision itself; it must also provide the user with reason it employed to reach its decision. The reading engine processes the date the user inputs to find matches with the knowledge base. The knowledge base is where the expert’s information is deposited. The user interface is what allows the user to communicate with the program. The explanation...
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...THE BUT FOR TEST-CAUSATION WHAT ARE THE PROBLEMS WITH BUT FOR TEST? SEE RECORDING BONNIGTON V WARDLAW THERE WAS SOME EXPOSURE THAT WAS NON NEGLIGENT - NO BREACH OF DUTY FOR THIS PART PNEUMOCONIOSIS = GRADUAL BUILDING FROM NEGLIGENT+ NON NEGLIGENT EXPOSURE ANY CONTRIBUTION WHICH IS NON DE MINIMIS IS SUBSTANTIAL AND IF YOU PROVE IT, YOU ESTABLISH CAUSATION. MCGHEE V NATIONAL COAL BOARD: DIFFERENCE WITH BONNIGTON: MEDICAL UNCERTAINTY AS TO HOW THE INJURY HAD BEEN CAUSED. WAS THE EXPOSURE OR THE PERIOD AFTER THAT WHEN HE HAD TO CYCLE HOME WITHOUT HAVING HAD A SHOWER. NO DIFFERENCE BETWEEN MATERIALLY INCREASING THE RISK AND MATERIALLY CONTRIBUTING TO THE RISK, IF THE RISK EVENTUATES. WILSHER V ESSEX AUTHORITY: HIGH COURT, COURT OF APPEAL: FOLLOWED MCGHEE , MATERIAL CONTRIBUTION TO INCREASING THE RISK. HOUSE OF LORDS: THE ONUS OF PROOF ON THE CLAIMANT, NO MCGHEE. 5 POSSIBLE CAUSES. MCGHEE DOESN’T STAND IN THIS SCENARIO : HERE WE HAVE 5 DIFFERENT AGENTS, 5 POSSIBILITIES, SOME AGENTS NEGLIGENT AND SOME NON-NEGLIGENT. DO YOU AGREE WITH HOUSE OF LORDS? FAIRCHILD: LORD BIRGHAM, LORD NICHOLLS, LORD HOFFMAN DINSTICTION BETWEEN MEDICAL NEGLIGENCE + RELAXED /MODIFIED TEST OF CAUSATION MCGHEE AND BONNIGTON NOT ACCUMULATIVE CAUSES 2I ORA IXOGRAFISI 10 BAILEY V MINISTRY OF DEFENCE SHE RECOVERED THE ENTIRETY OF DAMAGES. DIFFERENCE BETWEEN DIVISIBLE AND INDIVISIBLE INJURY: AN INDIVISIBLE PAIRNEIS OLO TO POSO. KAYSFORE CASE?? READ JACKSON’S BOOK, APPLICATION OF BAILEY ...
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...HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT APPROACHES TO INDUSTRIAL RELATION: Industrial conflicts are the results of several socio-economic, psychological and political factors. Various lines of thoughts have been expressed and approaches used to explain his complex phenomenon. One observer has stated, “An economist tries to interpret industrial conflict in terms of impersonal markets forces and laws of supply demand. To a politician, industrial conflict is a war of different ideologies – perhaps a class-war. To a psychologist, industrial conflict means the conflicting interests, aspirations, goals, motives and perceptions of different groups of individuals, operating within and reacting to a given socio-economic and political environment”. Psychological approach The problems of IR have their origin in the perceptions of the management, unions and the workers. The conflicts between labour and management occur because every group negatively perceives the behaviour of the other i.e. even the honest intention of the other party so looked at with suspicion. The problem is further aggravated by various factors like the income, level of education, communication, values, beliefs, customs, goals of persons and groups, prestige, power, status, recognition, security etc are host factors both economic and non-economic which influence perceptions unions and management towards each other. Industrial peace is a result mainly of proper attitudes and perception of the two parties. Sociological approach ...
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...There are a great many risks to your health which can be linked to coal mining operations, simply living within proximity of a mine can cause a variety of health concerns. Respiratory damage through the prominent levels of dust and other biochemical particulates extant in cavernous coal mining amenities. According to the Kentucky Environmental Foundation Some of the disorders caused by these particulates include COPD, coal worker's pneumoconiosis (CWP, also known as black lung), and progressive massive fibrosis (PMF). With the black lung disease it causes permanent scarring of the lung...
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...or insurer to show that the disease came about from another cause. Diseases compensated by national workers compensation authorities are often termed occupational diseases. However many countries do not offer compensations for certain diseases like musculoskeletal disorders caused by work (e.g. in Norway).Therefore the term work-related diseases is utilized to describe diseases of occupational origin. This term however would then include both compensable and non-compensable diseases that have occupational origins. Examples Lung diseases Main article: Occupational lung disease Occupational lung diseases include asbestosis among asbestos miners and those who work with friable asbestos insulation, as well as black lung (coalworker's pneumoconiosis) among coal miners,silicosis among miners and quarrying and tunnel operators and byssinosis among workers in parts of the cotton textile industry. Occupational asthma has a vast number of occupations at risk. Bad indoor air quality may predispose for diseases in the lungs as well as in other parts of the...
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...Pneumonoultramicroscopicsilicovolcanoconiosis iis an English word that refers to a lung disease that is otherwise known as silicosis. It is the longest word in the English language published in a dictionary, the Oxford English Dictionary. According to the Oxford English Dictionary, it is "an artificial long word said to mean a lung disease caused by inhaling very fine ash and sand dust."[1] Silicosis is a form of occupational lung disease caused by inhalation of crystalline silica dust, and is marked by inflammation and scarring in the form of nodular lesions in the upper lobes of the lungs. It is a type of pneumoconiosis Statement of the problem 1. What is the couse of Pneumoconiosis? 2. How can it be prevented? 3. What are the symptoms? 4. How can affect in our body? 5. What are the treatment? Statement of the Hypothesis HO1: .A pneumoconiosis cause by inhalation of every fine silicate or quartz dust which is found in volcanic ash. HO2: Pneumonoultramicroscopicsilicovolcanoconiosis is fairly easy to prevent. Most countries do not have any volcanoes or any other places where silica dust exposure is likely. In case you live in one of the countries that does, here are few ways how to prevent this disease: Do not go in or near an active or non-dormant volcano. Do not expose yourself to silica dust for long periods of time. If or long periods of time, cease breathing. If you are in or near you do happen to be exposed to...
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...University of Phoenix Material Body Systems and Diseases Complete the table below for the required systems listed. You are required to list four to six of the main organs of each body system, one or two sentences explaining the function of the system itself in your own words, and a short list of five to six major diseases that afflict each system. This assignment is due in Week One. |System |Organs in the System |Function of the System |Major Diseases Afflicting the System | |Example: |Thymus |Protects the body from disease and|Hay Fever | |Immune System |Lymph Nodes |infection by defending against, |Asthma | | |Skin |attacking and removing pathogens. |Urticaria (Hives) | | |Tonsils |Removes debris from the body, such|Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) | | |Bone Marrow |as dead cells. |Rheumatic Fever | | |Spleen | |Rheumatoid Arthritis | |Required: |Brain |The nervous system allows us to |Multiple...
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...tragedy and the list of injuries and illnesses evade our world and our resilience. People exposed to toxic dust after 9/11 still suffer from diminished lung and reduced lung function capacity1. People are not able to take deep breaths or push air out as routinely as normal2. An estimated 40,000 people, including rescues workers were exposed to noxious pollution. Itchy eyes and runny noses envelope people including nearby residents and commuters; 3,800 – 12,600 people have developed asthmas as a result3. Conditions such as hypersensitivity pneumonitis (where the alveoli within the lungs cause hypersensitivity to inhaled organic dust)4. Lung abscess containing necrotic debris flood microbial infections. Restrictive lung disease (pneumoconiosis caused by long term exposure to dust); and pulmonary edema (accumulation in the air spaces and parenchyma of the lungs leads to impaired gas exchange of the respiratory cycle)5 restrict workers from having a normal like symptom-free livelihood. Asbestosis (a fibrosis within the lung tissue form asbestos exposure); sarcoidosis, granulomatous pulmonary diseases and pulmonary fibrosis limit the workability of workers and residents alike6. In conclusion, the effects from the World Trade Center tragedy live on and on as responders (EMT workers, firefighters, truck drivers, police officers, construction workers, transit workers, debris removal crews, nearby office workers, lower Manhattan residents, volunteers, and etc.), residents living...
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...Chapter 2 Restrictive Resp. Disorders * Resulting from basically a collapsed lung - Alterations in lung parenchyma, pleura, chest wall, or neuromuscular function * Decrease in vital capacity (VC), lung capacity (TLC), functional residual capacity (FRC), residual volume (RV) * The greater the decrease in lung volume, greater the severity of disease Fibrotic Interstitial Lung Disease * Immune reaction * Begins with injury to alveolar epithelial or capillary endothelial cells * Interstitial and alveolar wall thickening * Increased collagen bundles in interstitium * lung tissue becomes infiltrated * Persistent alveolitis leads to obliteration of alveolar capillaries, reorganization of lung parenchyma, irreversible fibrosis * Lead to large air-filled sacs (cysts) with dilated terminal and respiratory bronchioles * Occurs early, reversible * Triggering event leads to inflammatory response and increased inflammatory cells * Injury leads to increased membrane permeability and movement of fluid/debris into alveoli * Fibroblastic proliferation and deposition of large amount of collagen * Caused by increased mesenchymal cells and fibroblasts in interstitium * Alveolar walls become thickened with increased amounts of fibrous tissue * Progressive dyspnea with exercise with desaturation * Rapid-shallow breathing * Irritating, nonproductive cough * Clubbing of nail beds (40%-80%) * Bibasilar end-expiratory...
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...boys were going to pay for their late delivery. Non-managerial were insulted by their First-line managers. From this research, we can observe that 80% of the population stated that their travelling time increased because most of the peoples use public transport.92% routes of local transport has changed. Another effect is health. The locals or residents of the near district of construction site are more troubled. The project which builds for the improvement of transport delivers uncertain effects on the nearby residents. Peoples were worried about health because they faced health issues due construction. Peoples were facing many problems due to dust which cause many diseases like flow, diarrhea, fever, allergy, asthma, mental fume fever, Pneumoconiosis, etc. The asthma patient will suffer a lot from this construction. Another effect is “accidents”. Due to construction many people use long route. From this people are frustrated and exhausted that cause accidents. Another reason is that while long route is using, it takes extra time to reach to their destination, individuals got in a hurry and riding a rash driving that cause accident. Furthermore, accident occurred due to construction material spread all over the road. Another effect is “economy”. The economic betterment through mega transportation project produces many problems for business and working class. It has reported negatively in most of the cases during construction. It is hardly reported that mega project produces benefit...
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...National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation, search NIOSH logo The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) is the U.S. federal agency responsible for conducting research and making recommendations for the prevention of work-related injury and illness. NIOSH is part of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) within the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. NIOSH is headquartered in Washington, D.C., with research laboratories and offices in Cincinnati, Ohio; Morgantown, West Virginia; Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Denver, Colorado; Anchorage, Alaska; Spokane, Washington; and Atlanta, Georgia.[1] NIOSH is a professionally diverse organization with a staff of 1,400 people representing a wide range of disciplines including epidemiology, medicine, industrial hygiene, safety, psychology, engineering, chemistry, and statistics. The director of NIOSH is John Howard. The Occupational Safety and Health Act, signed by President Richard M. Nixon, on December 29, 1970, created both NIOSH and the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA). NIOSH was established to help ensure safe and healthful working conditions by providing research, information, education, and training in the field of occupational safety and health. NIOSH provides national and world leadership to prevent work-related illness, injury, disability, and death by gathering information, conducting scientific...
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...Final Project Employment Discrimination Western International University The Federal and state employment discrimination laws prohibit employers from engaging in unfair employment practices, such as hiring, assigning projects to, promoting, compensating, terminating, or harassing employees based on their race, religion, sex, physical disability, national origin, or age. In addition, some states have also enacted employment discrimination laws prohibiting employers from discriminating on the basis of sexual orientation. Several federal laws protect employees from illegal discrimination. Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 forbids prejudicial employment practices with regard to color, religion, sex, race, or national origin. Title VII not only applies to employers, but to employment agencies and labor organizations as well. Title VII also created the Equal Opportunity Employment Commission (EEOC). Title 29 of the Code of Federal Regulations contains the regulations relating to the EEOC. The EEOC is responsible for implementing Title VII, the Age Discrimination in Employment Act, and the Americans with Disabilities Act, the Equal Pay Act, and portions of the Rehabilitation Act. The National Labor Relations Act protects employees from discrimination related to their participation in labor unions. The Act applies to both organized unions and acts by individuals who strive to obtain rights for a group of employees. The National Labor Relations Board oversees...
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