...and behaviour? South Africa is renowned for having one of the most liberal constitutions in the world, but an HSRC representative national survey of 4 980 adults (aged 16 and older) during September and October 2003, indicates that Government policy on “moral” issues is more “progressive” than the attitudes of the electorate. Since the 1994 change of Government, the Termination of Pregnancy Act has been passed to permit abortion. Similarly, discrimination on the grounds of sexual orientation and capital punishment for persons found guilty of murder, have been made unconstitutional. But according to the survey, most South Africans oppose abortion, same-sex adult sexual relationships and support capital punishment. All three issues are, however, hotly contested in civil society. Pro-life activists are objecting strongly to the termination of 300 000 pregnancies since 1996. Divisions exist within the Christian community with respect to consensual sex between adults of the same gender. The re-introduction of the death penalty is policy for several political parties. Public opinion gauged by the HSRC’s 2003 South African Social Attitudes Survey (SASAS) reflects this contestation. More than half (56%) of South African adults think that abortion is “always wrong” in the event of it being discovered that there is a strong chance of serious defect in the unborn child. Only 21% think that it is “not wrong at all”. It is acknowledged that the way in which a moral-type question is asked and...
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...devaluation. But Wilson and his Chancellor of Exchequer, James Callaghan, refused to do neither. Instead, Wilson was convinced that these problems could be fixed by careful management and planning. A new department, the Department of Economic Affairs (DEA) was set up, led by George Brown and a National Plan had been drawn up. He had set growth targets and devised a national system of “economic planning councils”. The aim was to secure the restraint needed to prevent inflation rising which the government would then need to stop with controls. However, Brown’s economic proposals came to nothing which suggests that the Labour government was strong on rhetoric, but not on action. Furthermore, the Labour government introduced a “prices and incomes policy” to keep inflation down....
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...A)Violence against Women -Wrestling with manhood -Violence is connected to manhood (real men invite confrontation, trash talk) -Fear and respect go hand in hand -Bark like a dog (subordination of women is part of the “man” package) -Comparison to women as a challenging idea (you are a “bitch”) -Chyna becomes so strong, she is stripped of femininity (later rejects public image) -violence as “deserved,” even really crazy awful sexual violence (“bark like a dog”) -“...it's only entertainment.” -Sex Trafficking (Trade) B)Gender, Beauty, Normalization -Wolf, beauty as a prerequisite for success for women -“girls learn that stories happen to 'beautiful' woman but don't happen to women who aren't beautiful” -beauty as a market and product -the female body as a constant -Kaw, Asian Americans (3% of pop., 6% of cosmetic surgeries), most likely ethnicity to get c. surgery -encouragement of self hatred -pressuring women to conform to standards of normality -media representation of Asians as “sleepy, dull, uninterested” -origins in facial reconstruction at WWI -now used to “fix” completely natural features -Valenti, beauty as a “shut the fuck up” tool -beauty is a distraction -women are too ugly or too pretty to be consequential/deserve public attention -Bordo, Slender Body -double bind: producer v. consumer -moral coding: fat is seen as lazy, thin as control -cultural...
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...Lesson 13 Essay I The years that stretched from the election of Richard Nixon in 1968 to the election of Ronald Reagan in 1980 saw the problems of the 1960s come back to haunt the nation. In Vietnam, despite Nixon's efforts to conclude a "peace with honor," the American involvement ended with the victory of the North Vietnamese and a defeat for the United States. The moral authority of the powerful presidency that developed under Eisenhower, Kennedy, and Johnson eroded as a result of Nixon's Watergate scandal. In an effort to avoid similar mistakes, the voters turned out Nixon's successor, Gerald Ford, in 1976 and elected a political newcomer, Jimmy Carter, of Georgia. In spite of their personal decency and hard work, neither Gerald Ford nor Jimmy Carter proved to be strong, effective presidents who could meet the challenges of the 1970s. Ford was the 38th President of the United States, and the only one to have served as both President and Vice President without being elected by the Electoral College. As President, Ford signed the Helsinki Accords, marking a move toward détente in the Cold War. With the invasion of South Vietnam by the communist north nine months into his presidency, U.S. involvement in Vietnam essentially ended. Domestically, Ford presided over arguably the weakest economy since the Great Depression, with growing inflation and a recession during his tenure. One of his more controversial acts was to grant a presidential pardon to President Richard Nixon...
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... DR. BRUCE FARCAU Abortion was illegal until Jane roe sue the state of Texas and won then all fifty states abortion laws was overturn by the supreme court that make it legal to have abortion. In 1970 Jane roe find that she was pregnant and wanted to have an abortion but it was illegal in the state of Texas, so she sue the state under an alias affidavit with the district court with her inability to obtain an abortion legally in the state of Texas. The courts heard argument twice on the matter before making their final ruling in 1973. In 1973 abortion became legal by the supreme court with a seven to two ruling with justice Harry Blackmun writing the decision for the majority. The decision written by justice was based on a residual right to privacy. This decision was also base on two cases , one reform Texas where abortion was illegal and can only be perform when the mother’s life is at risk and the other in Georgia were the mother have to get the permission from doctors and the hospital board while establishing the right of an abortion. This give the state the right to intervene in the second and third trimester of pregnancy to protect the life of the mother and the unborn child. Denounce by the national council of bishop this give rise to the anti-abortion movement The case implied the right to privacy under the 1, 3,4,5,9 and 14th amendments. This also implied that a woman...
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...all aspects of their use’ (Vayena et al, 1997) People have accepted the practice of various forms of fertility treatment for thousands of years. Despite this, controversy surrounds these new reproductive technologies because they challenge the traditional understanding of the relationship between sex and procreation. Consequentially, this also has the potential to challenge the structure of linage and kinship networks. This report will investigate the reported and perceived social implications of some commonly used reproductive technologies currently used today; including contraception, in-vitro fertilisation, gamete intra-fallopian transfer, intra-cytoplasmic Sperm Injection, pre-implantation genetic diagnosis, gamete donation and abortion. Equality of Access Reproductive technologies have had a significant impact to the lives of many infertile and sub-fertile couples around the world. However, due to the high financial costs of these procedures, the access to these technologies is largely limited to Western society; particularly middle to high income earners. Consequentially, developing countries whom have the highest rates of infertility, have limited access to these technologies. The use of these technologies is surrounded with controversy over the social implications involved. In the case of developing countries, some fear allowing access to these societies would lead to increased population growth in already overpopulated environments. A potential consequence...
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...Houston Community College Homework 1-5 Presented To: Lloyd W. Gaddis By Yushana Ford Government 2305 8:00A.M- 9:30A.M Mon/Wed 09/20/2015 Chapter 1: The More Things Change…The More They Stay the Same 1. Analyze current problems and issues in American Government by applying Historical perspectives: -History Repeats Itself +A new Communication medium paves the way to Electoral Victory- Meaning the internet and social media have revolutionized American politics. Campaign advertising is the use of an advertising campaign through the media to influence political debate and ultimately voters. Political advertising has changed drastically over the last several decades. Harry S. Truman was proud of his accomplishment of shaking approximately 500,000 hands but his accomplishment was soon pale compared to the next presidential election with the advent of television, war hero and presidential candidate D.W Eisenhower created commercials to get votes and so on and it different with different elections and different decades. +The Power of Incumbency- It is usually used in reference to elections where races can often be defined as being between an incumbent and non-incumbents. Incumbents have easier access to campaign finance and government resources that can be indirectly used to boost a campaign. Incumbency is any elected official who is already in office and seeking re-election. 2. Explain the Philosophical underpinnings of American Political System through...
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...throughout the world since the beginning of mankind. Although these systems commonly tie into one another, each policy has been shaped by its country’s unique history and their individual variations. Statutes in many sorts are provided by whom ever deems power within a particular nation. As straight-forward as this may seem, a sense of moral and reason tend to influence the law where a specific statute may not exist. If an individual is convicted of a crime, of which is not stated in a state or nation’s penal code, how is it possible to be convicted at all? If an individual proceeds to use a defense in a lawful contention such as the “right to privacy,” which is not explicitly written in the Constitution, is it a valid defense at all? I believe these can be answered, with the consideration of and through, moral and reason. Using the United States as an example, the law has been divided between the common law of the nation and its military legal system. There is a need to separate these systems solely because the responsibilities and duties of a civilian and a servicemen are simply incompatible. As we know The Constitution is the supreme law of the United States of America. Therefore, not only does each individual state govern with The Constitution at hand, but they also provide a separate penal code unique to its own. Laws prohibiting a personal liberty such as abortion (where arguments have been made whether this is true), have been declared unconstitutional in certain states...
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...TOPIC SUBJECT HEADINGS For use in Online Catalog (OPAC) SUBJECT HEADINGS For Sample Database Searches Abortion Abortion; Pro-Choice Movement; Pro-Life Movement Abortion Acid rain SEE ALSO Pollution Acid Rain Acid Rain Adoption (interracial, unmarried persons, gays) Adoption; Gay parents; Interracial adoption Adoption AIDS AIDS (Disease); AIDS (Disease) in children AIDS (Disease); Pediatric AIDS (Disease) Alzheimer's disease Alzheimer's disease Alzheimer's disease Animal rights Animal experimentation; Animal rights Animal experimentation; Animal rights Anorexia and Bulimia SEE Eating disorders Athletes and drugs Doping in Sports Drugs and Athletes Banking Bailout (2008) Bailout Battered women SEE ALSO Wife Abuse Abused women Conjugal abuse Birth control Birth control; Contraception Birth control; Contraception Black Reparations Movement Reparations; Slavery--Law and legislation Reparations Body language Body language; Gesture; Nonverbal communication Nonverbal communication Bullying Bullying Bullying; Cyberbullying Business ethics Business ethics; Corporations - Corrupt practices Business ethics; Business enterprises, Corrupt practices Capital punishment (Death Penalty) Capital punishment; Death row Capital punishment Cancer Cancer--Prevention SEE ALSO types of cancer, such asBreast--Cancer Neoplasms--Prevention and Control;Cancer Treatment Censorship SEE ALSO Freedom of the Press Censorship; Prohibited...
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...providing sexual education and access to reproductive health care services. The organization was founded in 1916 and is known for its active participation in lobbying for the policies that enable Americans to access comprehensive reproductive and sexual health care, education, and information. Cecile Richards, daughter of the first female governor of Texas, Democrat Ann Richards a well-known feminist and political activist became its president in 2006. 1 in every 5 women would use Planned Parenthood service during her lifetime. Educational programs were made available to nearly 1.2 million youths and adults...
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...The advantage of Reproductive Health Bill in the Philippines is that hopes to provide midwives for skilled attendance to childbirth and emergency obstetric care, even in geographically isolated and depressed areas. Thus, the one of the causes of maternal mortality, that arising from unattended births, will be addressed. The disadvantage of the Reproductive Health Bill in the Philippines is the undue focus being given to reproductive health and population and development, when many more urgent and important health problems need to be addressed in the country, those that cause a significant number of deaths across the country such as cardiovascular diseases and infections. Financial resources allotted by foreign donors to assist the Philippine government programs could actually be better spent towards pursuing health programs targeting communicable diseases than purchasing artificial contraceptives. OPINION As an avid blogger, I was originally doing a research on the education system of the Philippines when I stumbled upon the news of the Reproductive Health bill still under debate, which eventually led me to a blog, AlterNation 101 in blogspot, where I read his take on the issue: "I cannot fathom how promoting parental responsibility and financing everyone's freedom to have sex irresponsibly could mix together. Surely, the proposed law spreads around nice words such as responsibility, healthcare, freedom, choice, development, rights, equality, couples, etc. Yet it is...
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...Introduction: Should abortion be lawful? The debate on abortion has been running upon for quite a long time, yet it is still emphatically examined as of late. Numerous ladies have attempted to end the embryo or unborn child prematurely since they believe that it is not the ideal opportunity for them to be moms. Essentially, they are excessively youthful, making it impossible to have babies. To manage this issue, people need to abort. I have always encouraged the life of the unborn. Other people don't concur with me. In any case, I understood that legalizing abortions are entirely essential for women. I do concur that fetus removal should be reasonable because it gives a lot of focal points to pregnant women. There are numerous reasons why fetus removal needs legalization. Firstly, laws against premature birth murder ladies. Actually, to illegalize abortion would be harder than society would think. At the point when women feel it is essential to them, they will have premature births. Nobody can stop them, and they will do everything even in mystery, without real consideration and in unsafe circumstances. In the quarter century, abortion was legalized in the United States. The evaluation shows that about a million women for each year carried out their abortion illegally. Thousands of those women die, and thousands of more women's health were worse from doing the abortions illegally. Moreover, the legalization of abortion would secure women's wellbeing, as well as legal abortion practices...
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...Nevertheless, I am one of many who are being deprived of one of the most basic human rights of all. In explanation, I am adopted, and because of archaic laws, created in some cases over 100 years ago, the right I am being denied is my birthright. This birthright is being withheld from an estimated six million adult adoptees in the United States. The basic right to know where you came from, to know who you look like, to know who gave birth to you, and, ultimately, to know why you were given away. I was blessed to have been adopted by incredibly loving parents, and even though I had a wonderful upbringing, I always wondered who I look like, my biological mother? Father? Just as the United States has moved forward with regard to race relations, single, unmarried women having children has also become increasingly accepted. The “Age of Secrecy” and original adoption laws reflected conditions of years ago. In early society, to be an unwed mother was something shameful, and to be an illegitimate bastard was egregious. Adoption laws were...
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...HOUSE BILL NO. 5043 AN ACT PROVIDING FOR A NATIONAL POLICY ON REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH, RESPONSIBLE PARENTHOOD AND POPULATION DEVELOPMENT, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES Be it enacted by the Senate and the House of Representatives of the Philippines in Congress assembled: SECTION 1. Short Title. – This Act shall be known as the “Reproductive Health and Population Development Act of 2008“. SEC. 2. Declaration of Policy. – The State upholds and promotes responsible parenthood, informed choice, birth spacing and respect for life in conformity with internationally recognized human rights standards. The State shall uphold the right of the people, particularly women and their organizations, to effective and reasonable participation in the formulation and implementation of the declared policy. This policy is anchored on the rationale that sustainable human development is better assured with a manageable population of healthy, educated and productive citizens. The State likewise guarantees universal access to medically-safe, legal, affordable and quality reproductive health care services, methods, devices, supplies and relevant information thereon even as it prioritizes the needs of women and children,among other underprivileged sectors. SEC. 3. Guiding Principles. – This Act declares the following as basic guiding principles: a. In the promotion of reproductive health, there should be no bias for either modern or natural methods of family planning; b. Reproductive health...
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...GENDER DISCRIMINATION OUTLINE I. Constitutional law A. Background: 100 years of discrimination > theme: law responding to gender discrepancies 1) Should men & women ever be treated differently under the law? a. Definition of equality: = choice/power/income i. Pay gap: women earn $0.74 for every $1.00 a man earns b. Linda Hershman article, Homeward Bound: Many educated & intelligent women decide to stay home with their babies > those decisions are connected to the fact that women are paid less than men, in general c. Evolution in law i. Common law (blackstone): women lost their identity after marriage (merged with husband) & considered inferior to men (acted under husband) - Result: Tenants in the entirety or joint accounts > assumed man put in all the $ (women has BOP to prove otherwise) ii. After 14th amendment > women began to feel that they should have rights as well B. 19th Century: 2 sphere ideology where women queen of home & men marketplace people > no = protection because genders seperaet 1) Privileges and Immunities Clause of the 14th amendment - a. Bradwell v. Illinois (1873) i. FACTS: Bradwell and her husband ran the most influential legal paper in the Midwest & she wanted a license to practice law...
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