...THE HISTORY OF POLICING The word Police is derived from the Greek word “Polis”, meaning that part of non-ecclesiastical administration having to do with the safety, health and order of the state. The Greek politeria, meant the art of governing and regulating the welfare, security needs and order of the city-state in the interest of the public. Although Police is derived from the Greek, it was the Romans who perfected the system. The Roman politia meant the same thing as the Greek Politeira. It was a symbol of power residing in central Authority. During the duration of the Roman Empire, Police in Rome was organized from the ranks. There was the Roman Prefect which had under his control fourteen Magistrates, each responsible for a district and assisted by vigiles who patrolled the streets, lictores who were law enforcement officers and stationaii who were residents of the city blocks. In Britain, Policing developed as a local affair with a role which has remained till now. That it is the responsibility of every person to maintain law and order. This role is rooted in history and common law tradition of Britain that each citizen had a duty to suppress crime and disorder within his area. Failure to do so entailed the payment of fines. The burden of policing was placed on every adult citizen. It was an avocational obligatory policing, manifesting itself in the forms of tythingman of the Saxon Police, the frankpledge in the South and East of England after the Norman conquest...
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...Police History LaShawn Green CJA/214 November 12, 2012 Luis Martinez Sir Robert Peel created the London Metropolitan Police District in the year of 1829. He was a strong believer that the prevention of crime could be accomplished without intruding into the lives of other citizens. He also wanted to prove that it was possible to reform a variety of criminals and not just punish them. By creating the development of the London Metropolitan Police District, Sir Robert Peel came up with nine principles that are very relevant today’s society just as they were back in the 1800’s. According to "From The 'Lectric Law Library's Stacks Community Policing: Learning The Lessons Of History" (2012), these principles include the use of crime rates to determine the effectiveness of the police, the importance of a centrally located, publicly accessible police headquarters, and the value of proper recruitment, selection, and training. American police developed similarities to the London Metropolitan Police District. Majority of the U.S. cites established municipal police departments that came together as uniformed officers in paramilitary-style organizations serving the interests of the politically powerful. The American police officers carried around guns and operated under the command of local precinct captains politically appointed. As the turn of the century approached, the progress of the police movement began to promote professionalism in the law enforcement world. “While the...
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...training involved or pay for any services provided. During the 1840’s The Metropolitan America, focused on crime prevention verses post-crime detection and punishment. At that time officers were starting to get paid for their duties and 24 -hour services were provided. The Frontier America Businessmen hired private security in efforts of reducing violence, theft and protecting their personal property. Bounty hunters, Vigilantes, self -proclaimed posses served as informal law enforcement in territories and Indian land (“Cji Interactive”,n.d.). In the 1920’s Professionalism, policing focused more on law enforcement and crime control. While the social service elements were reduced and the political connections were rejected. Civil service systems were eliminated and police work became standardized, with specialized areas like juvenile and drug units (“Cji Interactive”,n.d.). There are many different types of policing organizations in the United States and they all have different roles and functions at the state, local, and federal level. Federal...
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...Roles and Functions 1 Police Department Roles and Functions University of Phoenix Introduction to Police Theory and Practices CJA/214 Eloise Brooks Don Redden, PhD, Instructor March 11, 2013 Roles and Functions 2 The Police Department main focus is the safety of the American People and enforcing the laws in which they have sworn too. When crisis and danger arise in our community the first words that come out is call the police. The police are primarily a crime fighter. Therefore they promote most of their time and effort enforcing the law, patrolling to deter crime, investigating crimes committed, and arresting the criminals that committed those crimes. (Walker & Katz, 2011) Policing is the most visible but the least understood profession. Law enforcement is not based on pieces of information and dramatizations as what we see on television, it has much more expectations. The duties of a law enforcement officer are more than protecting lives and properties. The officers’ duties depend solely on the size and type of the establishment. The roles and functions of the law enforcers consist of upholding and enforcing the law without being bias, to protect the civil rights and property of all people, to maintain and keep order among societies, to prevent crime from happening, to promote community safety, to monitor traffic and issue citations, arrest suspected criminals pursue and apprehend law breakers. There also other duties such as writing detailed reports and...
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...It seems that every few years a new trend comes along that effects law enforcement. Several years ago it was racial profiling, before that it was Rodney King and police brutality. In the last two or three years there has been an alarming trend in assaults on police. It seems that we are losing officers at a faster rate than ever. People seem to have no respect for law enforcement nowadays. I don’t know if it is from the media making such a big deal out of corrupt officers, or just a general reaction to the economy. Whatever the reason, it is taking a toll on law enforcement. I know from experience that I hate reading that another officer has fallen. However, I read what happened so that I can try to avoid the same situation as much as possible. That brings on another problem with paranoia. It is possible to be too paranoid; it causes overreaction to situations that are unthreatening at face value, such as the officer drawing his weapon on a normal traffic stop where another officer probably wouldn’t. Is it bad to do? Yes and no. On one hand it is an overreaction and could cause a complaint, and could be totally inappropriate to the situation. On the other hand we are taught from day one in the academy that anyone at any time could try to harm us. So now the officer goes around thinking that he may die at any moment. It is good to have your guard up, but not to the point that you mistreat the public. I think in the near future, the word of a police officer without any physical...
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...NORTHERN CARIBBEAN UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF HUMANITIES, BEHAVIOURAL AND SOCIAL SCIENCES DEPARTMENT OF BEHAVIOURAL & SOCIAL SCIENCES Write 2-3 pages outline the history and development of policing in Jamaica. In partial fulfillments of the requirements of the course CJUS115 Criminal Justice Instructor: Dr. Fay Williams By Sydoney Blackwood I.D # 15130115 Section A Date: 1st October, 2014 In 1671 a letter was written, sent and adhered to. This letter established change for Jamaica; a brighter and emancipated future. “We serve, we protect, we reassure with courtesy, integrity and proper respect for the rights of all,” a mission to uphold in this ‘change’. After Jamaica was captured by the English Colonists in 1655, law enforcement was conveyed. Seemingly during this period, the community recognized the need for an agency to maintain law and order. In 1716, night watchmen were appointed to serve various cities in Jamaica, after which in 1832 the first attempt was made in establishing a permanent police force. The Morant Bay Rebellion called for the strengthening of this force after their services were rendered. An improved force was established, the Jamaica Constabulary Force. This force had major responsibilities and so was a choice for individuals, as it was voluntarily that one may join the force. These responsibilities were and currently are based on the Jamaica panel code. Over a period of time in the Jamaican Constabulary...
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...The History of Policing and the New Advancements of Technology in Policing Columbia Southern University Scholars divide the history of U. S. policing into three eras, The Political Era, The Reform Era, and The Community Integration Era. From 1840 till about 1920 is called The Political Era, during this era the police came to be armed with two types of technology, the gun and the nightstick. Even though technology has changed through the centuries we still revert back to the gun and nightstick when called upon to use force. “Whatever technologies progress the police have made since the second half of the 19th Century, they still rely to a considerable extent on basic tools available 100 years ago to protect innocent life and themselves.” Some of the technology that came about in during this era is use of the telegraph and telephone installation of the police callbox, Bertillon system of criminal identification and the fingerprinting system. Historian’s call the 1920’s to the 1970’s The Reform Era. During this era “Reformers were out to get rid undesirable political influences and create what they deemed professional police departments.” Some people will say that this era helped emphasize discipline, equal enforcement of the law, and centralized decision making. During the Reform Era policing became more centralized and also the social distance between police and community also increased. Technology became more important with patrol cars and radios which helped to organize...
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...Community Based Policing DeVry University Prof. B. Griffin April 5, 2012 Introduction “Community institutions are the first line of defense against order and crime…”Thus it is essential that the police work closely with all facets of the community to identify concerns and to find the most effective solutions. This is the essence of community policing (Kelling, 1988). Community policing is a value system in which the ultimate goal is working cooperatively with individual citizens, groups of citizens, and both public and private organizations to identify and resolve issues which potentially affect the livability of specific neighborhoods, and areas within the city (Cassady, 2012). Community-based police departments recognizes that that the police cannot effectively deal with such issues alone, and must partner with others who share a mutual responsibility for resolving problems. Community policing stresses prevention, early identification, and timely intervention to prevent issues before they become a problem. Community policing is both a philosophy (a way of thinking) and an organizational strategy (a way to carry out the philosophy) that allows the police and the community to work together in new ways to solve problems of crime, disorder and safety issues to improve the quality of life for everyone in that community (Wilkerson, 2006). Community policing consists of two core components, community partnership and problem solving which is the foundations of a successful...
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...(1) Why is the philosophy of community policing different than other police approaches? (2) How and why is it difficult to implement the philosophy of community policing? Remember, you must use at least one quote from the text in this assignment. Respond to at least three of your classmates. There are many different approaches when it comes to policing such as the watchman, legalistic, and service styles. There is also traditional, problem-oriented, zero-tolerance and community policing, which I will be addressing. Many people think of police as guardians of the community and although this may be true, not all police have the task of looking after the actual community. The array of job descriptions varies but all serve a purpose in the justice system. I will go over why the philosophy of community policing is different than other police approaches, why it is difficult to implement, the philosophy of community policing, and how it is similar to different types or styles of policing. According to Fuller (2014) “While the police have traditionally defined their primary mission in terms of crime control, community policing seeks to broaden the police role to include such issues as fear of crime, order maintenance, conflict resolution, neighborhood decay, and social and physical disorder as basic responsibilities”(p. 234). The philosophy of community policing is different than other police approaches because in this style of policing the officers are in touch with the citizens...
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...Community-oriented policing is a system that addresses the top concerns of the community which implies there would need to be more communication between members of the community and police officers. The article Policing on Bicycles and Horses by Sam Swindell focuses on two types of community-oriented policing. The two types being bicycle and mounted patrol of C.O.P. Bicycle patrol is a type of community policing patrol serves well in that the police have the opportunity to encounter more citizens and extend their contacts in the community. Many police departments have been adapting bicycle patrols into their community policing programs due to the positive response given by the community and the officers. Mounted patrol has been around for centuries and will continue to be around as there is always a positive response from the community. Police on bicycles seem more approachable and attractive to citizens especially the youth. The officers tend to dress informal so they can be better recieved by the community. These officers have the same advatages as those on foot patrol have, but they are able to get move faster. They can hear, see and smell the community around them. The bicycles can go where cars can not. In the Los Angeles Police Department they enhanced mobility crowd control when bicycle patrol was first deployed in 2000. The article also states that bicycle patrol is quieter than any car. The article tells about the disadvatages of bicycle patrol. It states that eleven...
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...Community Policing focuses on building a personal relationship between police officers and the community members they protect and serve. Police officers get involved with the school systems, local businesses and organizations in the community. (Lincoln Police Department) The goal of community policing is to build a partnership of trust between police officers and community member that will result in community members working together with police officers to better the communities they live in. (Scheider,2008 ) Research have shown that community policing programs have reduced crime in certain communities. “However, outcomes vary depending on program type and the circumstances in which the program is implemented. That is, not all community-based...
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...Describe some ways in which community policing is more easily facilitated today with the use of technology. In a minimum 200 word response, outline some methods that police departments use in order to open the lines of communication with the public. Provide and describe some examples of these methods that are possibly being used in your community. In today’s world of social media and internet, community policing has become much easier. Twenty years ago it was much harder for departments to execute community policing. Now all the departments are using the social media like Facebook and Twitter to help engage the community in mass numbers. According to Dempsey and Forst (2011) community policing is a philosophy for police departments and the community to come together to solve problems. Before there was internet and social media, police would have to go door to door to engage the community and that could take hours just to engage a handful of people. In my community police are doing everything they can to keep the whole community informed on anything that can be useful from traffic to suspicious activity. Over the last couple years the police department and city have come together and created a city hall website. On the website you can do anything from file reports and see public documents on local criminals still living within the community. The police department also has a Facebook and Twitter account that is maintained and updated regularly. On the police departments...
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...George Zimmerman Shooting and Killing of Trayvon Martin George Zimmerman is the 28-year-old neighborhood watchman who shot and killed unarmed 17-year-old Trayvon Martin in Sanford, Florida, a month ago. He has been keeping a low profile. He is in hiding after reportedly receiving several death threats and, for weeks, all the world saw of him was an unsmiling 2005 mug shot. As investigators and reporters try to piece together why the Floridian shot a black boy 10 years younger and dozens of pounds lighter, a fuzzy picture of Zimmerman is emerging. Here's what we know so far: George Michael Zimmerman was born in 1983, the third of four children of Robert and Gladys Zimmerman. Robert, a retired military man and magistrate judge, describes the family as multiracial, telling the Orlando Sentinel that "George is a Spanish-speaking minority with many black family members and friends." Gladys is of Peruvian descent. George grew up in Manassas, Va., where neighbors describe the Zimmermans as very religious — George was an altar boy and evening receptionist at the family's parish, All Saints Catholic Church. The Zimmerman children attended Catholic school through eighth grade, then public high school. The family moved to Florida about a decade ago. George married Shellie Nicole Dean, a cosmetologist, in 2007. For a living, at the time he shot Martin, Zimmerman was working as an underwriter at mortgage risk-management firm Digital Risk. He had also been working on an associates...
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...Community Policing: Past, Present, and Future By: Travis B. Anthony JADM 260-Community Policing Professor McIntyre DeVry University Abstract Community policing has surged forth since the 1970s as an increasingly important strategy for investigating and preventing crime activity, and enhancing community involvement and safety. It is a philosophy and an organizational strategy that helps the police and the community to work closely together in many different and inventive ways to solve the problems of crimes, illegal drugs, fear of criminal activity, physical or social disorder, neighborhood decay, and the quality of life in the community. Community policing is rather difficult to define. Although community policing does not have a singular definition, there are several various elements of community policing. A major definition used to define community policing is: Community policing is more of a philosophy than a specific tactic; a proactive, decentralized approach designed to reduce crime, disorder and fear of crime by intensely involving the same officer in a community for a long term so that personal links are formed with residents (Champion, 1997). This definition helps to explain the key elements of community policing. The most common features involve cooperation between police and community residents, willingness to work toward mutual goals, and a general desire to improve community safety through more effective crime control. Introduction The overall aspect...
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...Community policing abroad has been popular, especially in democratic countries. The police from more democratic nations preferred community policing more than zero tolerance (Lum, 2009). The similarities that community policing share with democracy are citizen authorization, power citizens have to contest the police such as citizen review boards, complaint processes, media complaints, serving the people. It takes 10-15 years for full implementation of community policing (Trojanowicz, & Bucqueroux, 1992). South Korea has recently hit this 15 year mark which makes it a prime country to study (Kang et al, 2014). South Korea is a country that has implemented community policing. Community policing was introduced in Korea during the Grand Reform...
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