...Devolution vs federalism The definition of devolution: it does mean the process of a higher level of government granting a lower level of government the right to exercise some of its powers, but ultimately remaining superior to the lower level of government. In practice it is much the same as federalism, the main difference is that devolution allows varying levels of autonomy for the different areas (units) within the nation-state, whereas federalism usually requires each unit to have the same powers. It's not right to think that devolved states (such as the UK) are highly centralised, it was actually brought in specifically to decentralise the UK and Spain, turning them from highly unitary states to what have been dubbed 'quasi-federations'. Devolution is increasingly viewed as a modern type of federalism that allows flexibility, as opposed to the more rigid "traditional" federalism. Only 2 countries really use devolution (UK and Spain), with most federal systems using traditional federalism in one of two forms: federation (strong federal government), or confederacy (weak federal government). It is also wrong to think that devolution means the upper/central government can abolish the lower levels or force them to comply: In the UK all political parties recognise the democratic legitimacy of the devolved institutions and their right to govern within their spheres of responsibility. Each was established after the people voted in referenda to create them, and no british government...
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...Community-oriented policing is a system that addresses the top concerns of the community which implies there would need to be more communication between members of the community and police officers. The article Policing on Bicycles and Horses by Sam Swindell focuses on two types of community-oriented policing. The two types being bicycle and mounted patrol of C.O.P. Bicycle patrol is a type of community policing patrol serves well in that the police have the opportunity to encounter more citizens and extend their contacts in the community. Many police departments have been adapting bicycle patrols into their community policing programs due to the positive response given by the community and the officers. Mounted patrol has been around for centuries and will continue to be around as there is always a positive response from the community. Police on bicycles seem more approachable and attractive to citizens especially the youth. The officers tend to dress informal so they can be better recieved by the community. These officers have the same advatages as those on foot patrol have, but they are able to get move faster. They can hear, see and smell the community around them. The bicycles can go where cars can not. In the Los Angeles Police Department they enhanced mobility crowd control when bicycle patrol was first deployed in 2000. The article also states that bicycle patrol is quieter than any car. The article tells about the disadvatages of bicycle patrol. It states that eleven...
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...Community Policing focuses on building a personal relationship between police officers and the community members they protect and serve. Police officers get involved with the school systems, local businesses and organizations in the community. (Lincoln Police Department) The goal of community policing is to build a partnership of trust between police officers and community member that will result in community members working together with police officers to better the communities they live in. (Scheider,2008 ) Research have shown that community policing programs have reduced crime in certain communities. “However, outcomes vary depending on program type and the circumstances in which the program is implemented. That is, not all community-based...
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...Describe some ways in which community policing is more easily facilitated today with the use of technology. In a minimum 200 word response, outline some methods that police departments use in order to open the lines of communication with the public. Provide and describe some examples of these methods that are possibly being used in your community. In today’s world of social media and internet, community policing has become much easier. Twenty years ago it was much harder for departments to execute community policing. Now all the departments are using the social media like Facebook and Twitter to help engage the community in mass numbers. According to Dempsey and Forst (2011) community policing is a philosophy for police departments and the community to come together to solve problems. Before there was internet and social media, police would have to go door to door to engage the community and that could take hours just to engage a handful of people. In my community police are doing everything they can to keep the whole community informed on anything that can be useful from traffic to suspicious activity. Over the last couple years the police department and city have come together and created a city hall website. On the website you can do anything from file reports and see public documents on local criminals still living within the community. The police department also has a Facebook and Twitter account that is maintained and updated regularly. On the police departments...
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...George Zimmerman Shooting and Killing of Trayvon Martin George Zimmerman is the 28-year-old neighborhood watchman who shot and killed unarmed 17-year-old Trayvon Martin in Sanford, Florida, a month ago. He has been keeping a low profile. He is in hiding after reportedly receiving several death threats and, for weeks, all the world saw of him was an unsmiling 2005 mug shot. As investigators and reporters try to piece together why the Floridian shot a black boy 10 years younger and dozens of pounds lighter, a fuzzy picture of Zimmerman is emerging. Here's what we know so far: George Michael Zimmerman was born in 1983, the third of four children of Robert and Gladys Zimmerman. Robert, a retired military man and magistrate judge, describes the family as multiracial, telling the Orlando Sentinel that "George is a Spanish-speaking minority with many black family members and friends." Gladys is of Peruvian descent. George grew up in Manassas, Va., where neighbors describe the Zimmermans as very religious — George was an altar boy and evening receptionist at the family's parish, All Saints Catholic Church. The Zimmerman children attended Catholic school through eighth grade, then public high school. The family moved to Florida about a decade ago. George married Shellie Nicole Dean, a cosmetologist, in 2007. For a living, at the time he shot Martin, Zimmerman was working as an underwriter at mortgage risk-management firm Digital Risk. He had also been working on an associates...
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...Community Policing: Past, Present, and Future By: Travis B. Anthony JADM 260-Community Policing Professor McIntyre DeVry University Abstract Community policing has surged forth since the 1970s as an increasingly important strategy for investigating and preventing crime activity, and enhancing community involvement and safety. It is a philosophy and an organizational strategy that helps the police and the community to work closely together in many different and inventive ways to solve the problems of crimes, illegal drugs, fear of criminal activity, physical or social disorder, neighborhood decay, and the quality of life in the community. Community policing is rather difficult to define. Although community policing does not have a singular definition, there are several various elements of community policing. A major definition used to define community policing is: Community policing is more of a philosophy than a specific tactic; a proactive, decentralized approach designed to reduce crime, disorder and fear of crime by intensely involving the same officer in a community for a long term so that personal links are formed with residents (Champion, 1997). This definition helps to explain the key elements of community policing. The most common features involve cooperation between police and community residents, willingness to work toward mutual goals, and a general desire to improve community safety through more effective crime control. Introduction The overall aspect...
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...Community policing abroad has been popular, especially in democratic countries. The police from more democratic nations preferred community policing more than zero tolerance (Lum, 2009). The similarities that community policing share with democracy are citizen authorization, power citizens have to contest the police such as citizen review boards, complaint processes, media complaints, serving the people. It takes 10-15 years for full implementation of community policing (Trojanowicz, & Bucqueroux, 1992). South Korea has recently hit this 15 year mark which makes it a prime country to study (Kang et al, 2014). South Korea is a country that has implemented community policing. Community policing was introduced in Korea during the Grand Reform...
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...Community Based Policing DeVry University Prof. B. Griffin April 5, 2012 Introduction “Community institutions are the first line of defense against order and crime…”Thus it is essential that the police work closely with all facets of the community to identify concerns and to find the most effective solutions. This is the essence of community policing (Kelling, 1988). Community policing is a value system in which the ultimate goal is working cooperatively with individual citizens, groups of citizens, and both public and private organizations to identify and resolve issues which potentially affect the livability of specific neighborhoods, and areas within the city (Cassady, 2012). Community-based police departments recognizes that that the police cannot effectively deal with such issues alone, and must partner with others who share a mutual responsibility for resolving problems. Community policing stresses prevention, early identification, and timely intervention to prevent issues before they become a problem. Community policing is both a philosophy (a way of thinking) and an organizational strategy (a way to carry out the philosophy) that allows the police and the community to work together in new ways to solve problems of crime, disorder and safety issues to improve the quality of life for everyone in that community (Wilkerson, 2006). Community policing consists of two core components, community partnership and problem solving which is the foundations of a successful...
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...Alicia Francis Community Mobilization and Engagement 17/09/16 what does community policing mean to me? Community policing, is a philosophy that promotes implementations and evaluations of decisions within the organization that helps them be able to achieve their objectives. which support the use of showing, or involving a system, method, partnerships and problem solving techniques, to address the immediate conditions that give rise to public issues. Some of the partnerships and other organizations like government agencies, community members, non-profit service providers, and private businesses. community policing’s main goal is to assist the public in establishing and maintaining a safe orderly social environment. The Relationships...
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...Community policing encourages that police officers and citizens’ work together in order to prevent crime, as well as establish a bond between police officers and citizens. In fact, community policing has gained popularity in law enforcement; “in 1999, nearly two-thirds of county and municipal police departments with 100 or more officers had a formally written community-policing plan” (Cox 159). However, community policing has faced criticism about its effectiveness. One criticism is that community policing has not been successful in a substantial reduction in crime. While community policing has accomplished helping citizens feel more secure in their communities, crime rates have not gone down in a considerable amount. Also, while citizens may...
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...According to Cole and Gertz (2013), community oriented police focuses on maintaining order in local neighborhoods (p.103). Their presence helps ease problems within the community such as domestic violence, rowdy teenagers, and drug houses. But the role of community police is changing as they face new challenges such as immigration, protest movements, and terrorism (Cole & Gertz, 2013). The 9/11 attacks added a dimension to policing that expanded their role beyond maintaining order. They have new responsibilities that include “fixed geographic responsibilities” as a method of preventing local terroristic threats. Police now examine their areas of responsibilities and help to determine the possible areas for attacks. In addition, they help to...
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...(1) Why is the philosophy of community policing different than other police approaches? (2) How and why is it difficult to implement the philosophy of community policing? Remember, you must use at least one quote from the text in this assignment. Respond to at least three of your classmates. There are many different approaches when it comes to policing such as the watchman, legalistic, and service styles. There is also traditional, problem-oriented, zero-tolerance and community policing, which I will be addressing. Many people think of police as guardians of the community and although this may be true, not all police have the task of looking after the actual community. The array of job descriptions varies but all serve a purpose in the justice system. I will go over why the philosophy of community policing is different than other police approaches, why it is difficult to implement, the philosophy of community policing, and how it is similar to different types or styles of policing. According to Fuller (2014) “While the police have traditionally defined their primary mission in terms of crime control, community policing seeks to broaden the police role to include such issues as fear of crime, order maintenance, conflict resolution, neighborhood decay, and social and physical disorder as basic responsibilities”(p. 234). The philosophy of community policing is different than other police approaches because in this style of policing the officers are in touch with the citizens...
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...have learned about community policing specialist is that they work flexible hours to patrol the community and solving problems at the same time. Community policing normally consists of about four or five officers on each shift. Community policing consist of the community's effort combined to with the police. They job is to stop crimes. The community and the police works together to solve community problems to stop crimes from happening. They come up with strategies for the organization and the community. " It is clear that community policing has become a specialist function. A preponderance of medium and large police agencies designate at least some proportion of their officer as full-time specialist in community policing. Willis (2011) notes that not once of six sites he...
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...The proactive response involves a preventive kind of defense that institutes a measure and the learning opportunities for a reduction in strategies. This proactive measure the community-family to the action programs, personal protection measures, lifestyle changes, and the other crime prevention. The security measure designed to divert opportunistic offenders at a person home, business, or other institutional settings. The community program is very proactive, and it becomes a valuable tool for not only the neighborhood but also the agency patrolling the neighborhood. When a policeman is at a particular intersection deters the traffic violations that would occur. When a regular is police is in certain neighborhoods that minimize the prospect...
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...March 1, 2012 Week 7 Checkpoint Summary 2 Bilingualism in Politics In the article A Critical Mass Model of Bilingualism among U.S. Born Hispanics, written by April Linton, which talks about how government reacts bilingualism and rather than find a solution to the problem they tend to go the opposite way. “The government makes choices about what language or languages they (minorities) will communicate in” (Linton, 2004). The government has passed laws that only made it acceptable to speak English and disregard any other language in the schools, citizenships and government. For example, the author writes about in 1906, if you wanted to become a citizen you need to know English (Linton, 2004). There were also many laws that were passed that supported bilingualism. For example, the author writes about 1968 Congress passed The Bilingual Education Act, which wanted to “improve the poor school performances of immigrant children by providing fund for “transitional” programs to help children of limited English speaking the ability to learn English before transition into regular classroom (Linton, 2004). The article also discusses assimilation and how not speaking English can make people not feel wanted or at home. By saying that everyone in the U.S needs to speak English is singling out everyone who doesn’t speak it, which isn’t fair. If the tables were turned around and the majority of the language was Spanish and the minority was English, would it then be fair to prohibit the...
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