...Community Policing: Past, Present, and Future By: Travis B. Anthony JADM 260-Community Policing Professor McIntyre DeVry University Abstract Community policing has surged forth since the 1970s as an increasingly important strategy for investigating and preventing crime activity, and enhancing community involvement and safety. It is a philosophy and an organizational strategy that helps the police and the community to work closely together in many different and inventive ways to solve the problems of crimes, illegal drugs, fear of criminal activity, physical or social disorder, neighborhood decay, and the quality of life in the community. Community policing is rather difficult to define. Although community policing does not have a singular definition, there are several various elements of community policing. A major definition used to define community policing is: Community policing is more of a philosophy than a specific tactic; a proactive, decentralized approach designed to reduce crime, disorder and fear of crime by intensely involving the same officer in a community for a long term so that personal links are formed with residents (Champion, 1997). This definition helps to explain the key elements of community policing. The most common features involve cooperation between police and community residents, willingness to work toward mutual goals, and a general desire to improve community safety through more effective crime control. Introduction The overall aspect...
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...Community policing abroad has been popular, especially in democratic countries. The police from more democratic nations preferred community policing more than zero tolerance (Lum, 2009). The similarities that community policing share with democracy are citizen authorization, power citizens have to contest the police such as citizen review boards, complaint processes, media complaints, serving the people. It takes 10-15 years for full implementation of community policing (Trojanowicz, & Bucqueroux, 1992). South Korea has recently hit this 15 year mark which makes it a prime country to study (Kang et al, 2014). South Korea is a country that has implemented community policing. Community policing was introduced in Korea during the Grand Reform...
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...Community policing encourages that police officers and citizens’ work together in order to prevent crime, as well as establish a bond between police officers and citizens. In fact, community policing has gained popularity in law enforcement; “in 1999, nearly two-thirds of county and municipal police departments with 100 or more officers had a formally written community-policing plan” (Cox 159). However, community policing has faced criticism about its effectiveness. One criticism is that community policing has not been successful in a substantial reduction in crime. While community policing has accomplished helping citizens feel more secure in their communities, crime rates have not gone down in a considerable amount. Also, while citizens may...
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...have learned about community policing specialist is that they work flexible hours to patrol the community and solving problems at the same time. Community policing normally consists of about four or five officers on each shift. Community policing consist of the community's effort combined to with the police. They job is to stop crimes. The community and the police works together to solve community problems to stop crimes from happening. They come up with strategies for the organization and the community. " It is clear that community policing has become a specialist function. A preponderance of medium and large police agencies designate at least some proportion of their officer as full-time specialist in community policing. Willis (2011) notes that not once of six sites he...
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...Community Policing focuses on building a personal relationship between police officers and the community members they protect and serve. Police officers get involved with the school systems, local businesses and organizations in the community. (Lincoln Police Department) The goal of community policing is to build a partnership of trust between police officers and community member that will result in community members working together with police officers to better the communities they live in. (Scheider,2008 ) Research have shown that community policing programs have reduced crime in certain communities. “However, outcomes vary depending on program type and the circumstances in which the program is implemented. That is, not all community-based...
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...Alicia Francis Community Mobilization and Engagement 17/09/16 what does community policing mean to me? Community policing, is a philosophy that promotes implementations and evaluations of decisions within the organization that helps them be able to achieve their objectives. which support the use of showing, or involving a system, method, partnerships and problem solving techniques, to address the immediate conditions that give rise to public issues. Some of the partnerships and other organizations like government agencies, community members, non-profit service providers, and private businesses. community policing’s main goal is to assist the public in establishing and maintaining a safe orderly social environment. The Relationships...
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...Describe some ways in which community policing is more easily facilitated today with the use of technology. In a minimum 200 word response, outline some methods that police departments use in order to open the lines of communication with the public. Provide and describe some examples of these methods that are possibly being used in your community. In today’s world of social media and internet, community policing has become much easier. Twenty years ago it was much harder for departments to execute community policing. Now all the departments are using the social media like Facebook and Twitter to help engage the community in mass numbers. According to Dempsey and Forst (2011) community policing is a philosophy for police departments and the community to come together to solve problems. Before there was internet and social media, police would have to go door to door to engage the community and that could take hours just to engage a handful of people. In my community police are doing everything they can to keep the whole community informed on anything that can be useful from traffic to suspicious activity. Over the last couple years the police department and city have come together and created a city hall website. On the website you can do anything from file reports and see public documents on local criminals still living within the community. The police department also has a Facebook and Twitter account that is maintained and updated regularly. On the police departments...
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...Community-oriented policing is a system that addresses the top concerns of the community which implies there would need to be more communication between members of the community and police officers. The article Policing on Bicycles and Horses by Sam Swindell focuses on two types of community-oriented policing. The two types being bicycle and mounted patrol of C.O.P. Bicycle patrol is a type of community policing patrol serves well in that the police have the opportunity to encounter more citizens and extend their contacts in the community. Many police departments have been adapting bicycle patrols into their community policing programs due to the positive response given by the community and the officers. Mounted patrol has been around for centuries and will continue to be around as there is always a positive response from the community. Police on bicycles seem more approachable and attractive to citizens especially the youth. The officers tend to dress informal so they can be better recieved by the community. These officers have the same advatages as those on foot patrol have, but they are able to get move faster. They can hear, see and smell the community around them. The bicycles can go where cars can not. In the Los Angeles Police Department they enhanced mobility crowd control when bicycle patrol was first deployed in 2000. The article also states that bicycle patrol is quieter than any car. The article tells about the disadvatages of bicycle patrol. It states that eleven...
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...Annette Davis Inside Public and Private Policing CJA 500 Survey of Administration & Justice Dr. John Baiamonte, Jr. November 1, 2010 Assignment Write a 1500 to 2000 word paper that compares and contrasts the roles, responsibilities, and differences of public and private policing. Cite at least two scholarly works (articles or books) or government documents. However, your textbook cannot be used as a source. Public policing has been known to have a monopoly on policing until the increased trend of private policing in the United States. Private policing, while emerging as a new industry, is not a new phenomenon and predates the existence of public police as witnessed today (Wilson 1994). Public and private policing have many similarities, as well as differences and the distinction between public and private police are often blurred. Private police look and behave like public police and describing their function often involves a comparison of the activities and responsibilities of the two. Despite the differences, public and private police tend to mirror each other to a certain extent (Nalla & Newman, 1990). The increase of private policing has been in response to many changes in society such as the increase of "mass private property" (Shearing and Stenning, 1983) in the form of large shopping complexes, cinemas, large retail stores and large compound style housing estates or gated communities. These require constant surveillance for the safety of shoppers and residents...
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...David Bayley and Clifford Shearing: The New Structure of Policing: Descriptions, Conceptualization and Research Agenda Policing is being reconstructed worldwide. Its distinguishing features are (a) the separation of those who authorize policing from who do it and (b) the transference of both functions away from government The change in policing cannot be understood in customary terms. It is often mischaracterized for example as privatization. Because the distinction between public and private domain becomes problematic in the new policing, the more appropriate description for what is occurring is multilateralization—as host of non governmental groups have assumed responsibility for their own protection, and a host of nongovernmental agencies have undertake to provide security services Crucial distinction is made between the auspices and providers of policing. Auspices are groups (and sometimes individuals) that explicitly and self-consciously take upon themselves the responsibility for organizing their own protection. Providers are groups that actually do the policing. In the old paradigm of policing government had responsibility for articulating security needs and for developing institutions to meet them. This has changed auspices can either be public (govt) or private (nongovt) Governments were the organizational auspices for formulating demand for policing, and they were the providers who supplied it. These two functions have become separate it has become acceptable for...
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...Community Based Policing DeVry University Prof. B. Griffin April 5, 2012 Introduction “Community institutions are the first line of defense against order and crime…”Thus it is essential that the police work closely with all facets of the community to identify concerns and to find the most effective solutions. This is the essence of community policing (Kelling, 1988). Community policing is a value system in which the ultimate goal is working cooperatively with individual citizens, groups of citizens, and both public and private organizations to identify and resolve issues which potentially affect the livability of specific neighborhoods, and areas within the city (Cassady, 2012). Community-based police departments recognizes that that the police cannot effectively deal with such issues alone, and must partner with others who share a mutual responsibility for resolving problems. Community policing stresses prevention, early identification, and timely intervention to prevent issues before they become a problem. Community policing is both a philosophy (a way of thinking) and an organizational strategy (a way to carry out the philosophy) that allows the police and the community to work together in new ways to solve problems of crime, disorder and safety issues to improve the quality of life for everyone in that community (Wilkerson, 2006). Community policing consists of two core components, community partnership and problem solving which is the foundations of a successful...
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...Policing in U.S Society Paper Brittany Duke CJS/210 11/08/2015 Brian Carter Policing in U.S Society Paper The United States has one of the most complex law enforcement systems in the world compared to other countries. There are several different policing organizations throughout the United States. These policing organizations can be broken down into two main agencies, federal law enforcement agencies and state and local law enforcement agencies. Federal law enforcement agencies contain officers that work for agencies in different departments such as the department of justice, department of Treasury, and Department of Homeland Security. Law enforcement agencies are at the federal level only, but they enforce various laws. They try and level local crime to the State. According to “Discover Policing” (2008-2015), “There are more than 17,000 state and local law enforcement agencies in the United States”. Every state has its own police force, and so does every city and every county. The State and local law enforcement agencies include different law enforcement agencies such as local police, state police, as well as other agencies. Local police includes municipal and county police that obtained their authority from that specific governing body that created it. They interact locally within their jurisdiction to uphold the laws in that area and take care of local crimes. State police perform police duties within their assigned state, they mainly help with highway...
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...officer is employed. Some are beat cops, for example, patrolling a regular route to look out for infractions of the law, while others specialize in dog handling, bomb disposal, and various other fields of law enforcement. Police practices vary from one area to another and variations have been seen in the different styles of policing, structure, patterns of crime, and the demands of local communities. Most variations in police behavior have been seen in urban settings while rural and small-town policing has been relatively neglected. Variations from one area to the next frequently focus on comparisons among urban areas, occasionally make rural-urban comparisons, but rarely examine differences among rural areas (Warner, 1974). Crime prevention is often based on understanding the causes of crime, in order to find a way to reduce ‘risk factors’ within a community. One way to help with crime prevention is to try to tackle the social causes of crime, through cooperation with other departments within the community such as employment generation, poverty reduction, housing and education. Other approaches may include having the police try new methods such as community policing by helping with the rehabilitation of offenders and community projects to reduce the opportunities for crime in the community. When a police manager wants to have a positive police force that deals well with its community and wants to provide its officer and community with...
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...Policing happened long before computers existed, but the job is more streamlined and efficient now that computers play a major role in the way police officers work. Police agencies benefit tremendously from computers in accessing criminal and fingerprint databases, reporting offenses electronically, using GPS systems to track calls and speeding up forensics work. 1. Police Databases o Police use two main types of databases. Fingerprint databases allow forensics teams to run fingerprints found at a crime scene against prints in the system. These prints may be on file because of a person's criminal history or because of that person's job or licensing requirements. Though the database is not immediate, the process is faster than a lab worker comparing one-by-one. Police officers also use criminal databases, which show people arrested, indicted and convicted of various crimes. These databases allow for easier tracking of serial crimes and for identification of potential suspects. Offense Reports o Inputting offense reports is a time-consuming part of an officer's job. Much of the information is repetitive but must be completed. By having software programs for filing incident or offense reports, officers can cut out the time they spend on administrative tasks and focus on field work instead. GPS Tracking o GPS units in patrol cars allow officers to input addresses when calls come in. Rather than searching in the dark or trying to memorize an entire precinct, the officers can...
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...Organizational Theories of Policing Rashika S. Bowden CJS/210 9/72010 Instructor-Mark Morrison Response to Organizational Policing People explore the organizational theories as ways to explain plus help individuals see structure and simples ways the police agencies work. The tree theories of policing are 1) Resource Dependency, 2) Contingency, 3) Institutional. Resource dependency is often used for recognizing that organizations must find ways to survive, and engage in exchange with other organizations is their environment. Up holding an external social and political environment, contingency theory believes that it can and will create structure and achieve specific goals. “Last but not least institutional theories hold and place organizations under a category to operate with relations so they can improve their social and external political beliefs” (Walker & Katz, 2008). Agencies and police organizations try to operate according to the theories that were listed above. Often times as I have seen in numerous cases, if gang activity is a consistent problem in or around different communities, the agencies and police organizations will eventually form or call in the special gang unit. “However, not all resource dependent departments are awarded funding for their community issues; departments that struggle with gang-related problems may not have the resources to form a special gang unit. Each theory can explain the structures and operational strategies of most...
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