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Political Science

In: Business and Management

Submitted By luly8888
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Resumo capítulo 1
A distinção contestada

Há dois séculos os termos “direita” e “esquerda”, quando se tratando da política, têm sido habitualmente empregados para que haja contraste entre as ideologias principais. Essa díade de termos antitéticos foi considerada exaustiva e constantemente questionada se realmente é necessária essa separação tão nítida entre duas únicas partes contrapostas.
Quando o espaço político é dividido em duas únicas partes, uma das quais exclui a outra e nada entre elas interfere, ocorre uma relação de “ou-ou”, ou seja, uma relação contraditória denominada Terceiro Excluído e que, neste caso, ocorre em relação aos termos excludentes de direita e de esquerda. Já a visão triádica, que nasce sempre no meio de uma crise como reação ao temido esgotamento da vitalidade histórica de uma antítese, inclui entre direita e esquerda um espaço intermediário, o que torna possível uma compreensão mais articulada do sistema. Denominada de Terceiro Incluído (“nem-nem”), ela busca um espaço entre dois opostos e enfiando-se entre um e outro não os elimina, mas os distancia, pois são contrários. O Terceiro Inclusivo tende a ir além dos dois opostos e a englobá-los numa síntese superior e, portanto, anulando-os e pretendendo ir além da direita e da esquerda.
Uma alternativa aos opostos de esquerda e direita é a política de Terceira Via, que se trata de uma política de centro, idealmente ela se apresentam como uma forma de compromisso entre dois extremos mas como uma superação e aceitação simultânea de um e de outro.
Outra razão para se declarar superada e rejeitar a velha díade está em observar que ela perdeu grande parte de seu valor descritivo, já que a sociedade está em contínua transformação. Isso quer dizer que uma terceira ideologia que, mais do que estar no meio de (o Centro) e mais do que ir além de (a Síntese), ela move-se por.
O mais decisivo motivo para negar a díade é o reconhecimento de que as duas etiquetas se tornaram meras ficções e, na realidade, diante da complexidade e novidade dos problemas que os movimentos políticos devem enfrentar, os dois grupos dizem no fim as mesmas coisas. A esquerda sustenta, em dificuldades, para se renovar, ideias de direita e acaba por eliminar o contraste tradicional.

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