...Global Warming: Fact or Fiction AIU Lower Division Capstone BUSN 300 Outline Introduction/Thesis: I. History of Global Warming A. A driving force for the argument 1. A debate that global warming is in fact a fiction 2. A debate that global warming is a fact II. Argumentation A. The Melting Glaciers B. Weather that is Difficult to Follow Conclusion/Closing: Global Warming: Fact or Fiction For years the glaciers have been melting and catching people’s attention, this has resulted in the rise of over 6 in. in the sea level where as a hundred years ago it was much lower. This raises the question as to whether global warming is a fact or fiction. Literature on global warming is comprised mostly on intelligent discussion on having "too much caution on global warming" (Nature, 1991) or "global warming is real" (Kerr, 1989, p. 603) rather than fiction. Let me break this down for you people, society is using to much resources and energy in assuring ourselves that global warming is in fact an issue at all. The top debate in favor of global warming being fiction is the lack of scientific evidence connecting the emissions of greenhouse gases as a result of human activity with global warming (Brown, 2010, p. 26). First and for most any connection at all is completely uncertain and there is no proof. Then we also have, people in today’s that say global warming is a fact and say that society, "have caused a number of environment issues, such as global...
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...Huri Tursan, Democratisation in Turkey: The Role of Political Parties, Brussels: P.I.E.-Peter Lang, 2004. Comparative studies on regime changes in Southern Europe and Latin America have shown the central role that stable and strong party systems play in the consolidation of democracy. Although Turkish political parties and the party system have received considerable scholarly attention, their impact on the country’s democratization process has not been systematically examined. Huri Tursan’s book seeks to fill this gap in the literature on contemporary Turkish politics. A modified version of the author’s doctoral dissertation written at the European University Institute in Florence, the study describes the historical evolution of political parties, with particular focus on developments concerning party politics since Turkey’s transition from an authoritarian one-party regime to a multi-party system in the late 1940s. The bulk of the book analyzes the changing electoral fortunes of the individual parties over the past five decades, the impact of the breakdowns of democracy through military interventions in 1960, 1971, and 1980 on party competition, and trends in the party system over the years. The analysis of the changes in the party system concerning volatility, fragmentation, and polarization constitute the book’s main empirical contribution. The picture that emerges from Hursan’s study is that of a party system which lacks strong and cohesive parties and which has experienced...
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...focus determining if trust is indeed fundamental, or necessary to every organisation. Since trust usually suggests a relationship between 2 or more parties, the essay will look into how trust is established between organisation and define trust. Later on, the economic benefits of trust will be explained and lastly, the importance of trust will be evaluated. Trust and the state The Corruption Perception Index (CPI) is an The CPI is an example of measuring a state’s economic legitimacy based on an empirical understanding, seeking to shed light on the economic and political legitimacy of a regime by reviewing international institutions’ perception on the transparency and corruption of the state. Every year, Transparency International releases a CPI report on countries around the globe. The annual report (Transparency International 2013) measures countries according to the perceived level of corruption, reflecting the level of trust in the accountability of each state. In this section of the essay, we point our attention to the state and trust is defined as the ‘belief in legitimacy’ (Rostboll 2013). Such formalised documentation of trust between neutral international institutions and the state is particularly important since it influences the establishment of accountability with other multinational corporations and companies. Departing from Weber’s theory that every system of political domination is dependent on the people’s belief in its legitimacy (Rostboll 2013)...
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...Political corruption, as been defined by the World Banks, is the abuse of public office for personal or private gain (worldbank.org 1). This is definition is both objective and sufficiently enough to describe and to summarize all types of political corruptions that are happening all around the world. The keyword is private gain which include monetary or non-monetary benefits that the officer will receive whenever he or she misuse his or her power to disturb the competitive advantage of the free market system. Political corruption exists in various ways such as bribery, theft, bureaucratic corruption, system corruption and many more, which often executes in the most profound but complex ways. The causes of corruption is hard to simplify since political corruption always have deeply rooted in a region’s policies, bureaucracies, systems and not surprisingly history. However, the costs of it can be easily identify by looking at the most of the time below-par performance of both public and private sector. This happens when government interfere when they do not need to, therefore undermine implementation of both public policies and free market system. By the standard of irrefutable of a great nation, who can believe that the great nation of United States of America is corrupt? There sure have been couples of financial scandal in the past but there have never been a time where United States senator or other political officers to be involved in side dealing, vote-trading, log rolling...
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... it is crucial to note that democracy meant that the state was ruled by the people, and existed in either in the liberal form or the parliamentary form. Additionally, one needs to consider the features of Western-style democracy, politically and economically. A democratic political model would have the presence of multi-party, free and fair elections as well as the separation of powers amongst the leaders of the country. A democratic economic model would adopt capitalism that promotes free trade and economic stability. (C) With these in mind, the assumption put forth by the question holds as we recognise that there were attempts, to establish democracy. (A) However, there were varying degrees of success when carrying out said attempts if one closely looks into individual features of democracy that was present (or not present) in the countries. (C) Therefore if one looks into the amount of presence of a democratic feature in the countries, it was to large extent that the attempts were successful. However, when one looks at the countries holistically the attempts to establish democracy was successful to only to a small extent throughout 1945-1997. (T) If democracy equates to the presence of many political parties,...
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...crisis’? Political participation is defined as opportunities for and tendencies of the people to become involved in the political process. At a minimum level this will involve voting, but may also involve active work in political parties and pressure groups. At the higher/highest level it implies standing for public office. However with regards to the United Kingdom suffering from a participation crisis, I would like to agree. Simply because, there has been a low turnout at general elections, which undermines the mandate of the government and threatens the idea that the UK is a representative democracy. Between 1922 and 1997 turnout remained above 71%. At the 2001 general election the turnout was59.4%; in 2005 it was 61.4%; in 2010 it was 65.1%; and in 2015 it was66.1%. Various people may consider the minor increase in percentage but overall there has not been a significant increase. Key forms of participation, such as voting and party membership have declined significantly over time, but other newer, faster forms have arisen and are slowly becoming more popular to the newer generations such as Referendums, particularly in Scotland. Popular engagement with the formal processes and institutions of democracy has been in long – term decline since the 1960’s. The turnout in 2001 was the lowest; this is compared to how between 1945 and 1992 it was always about 75 percent. Through this, it can be seen that recently, judging from the most blatant way to assess political contribution...
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...POLITICAL RISK Globalization is the name of the game, every business and individual has a direct or indirect connection with it. Even in the tightest locked-up economy, there is a level of dependence with the global economy. Brands and products have managed to break the national frontiers and sail the murky waters of international markets. The 21st century has seen a more regulated and somewhat “fair” and competitive playfield. International organizations, such as the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Trade Organization (WTO), have gained strength while working to ensure a firm and stable environment for trade and payments at a global scale. Smaller, regional organizations also play a strong hand and trade regulations can be found at a country and state level. This colossal amount of regulations and regulators aim, for the most part, to establish a fair environment for the benefit of both the consumers and the companies; yet, these regulations pose great, and sometimes hidden, risks. But these regulatory risks represent one of the many institutional differences companies may face when entering a foreign market. In order to have a better understanding of the potential political risks, one must study, not only the current state of the targeted area, but also the historical context and analyze examples of other companies in similar situations. Sometimes the industry, or even the area are not the same, but the knowledge gained is still valuable and many points can...
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...refer to the person or group of people exercising authority over a politically organized territory.[5][6] Finally, government is also sometimes used in English as a synonym for governance. In the case of its broad associative definition, government normally consists of legislators, administrators, and arbitrators. Government is the means by which state policy is enforced, as well as the mechanism for determining the policy of the state. A form of government, or form of state governance, refers to the set of political systems and institutions that make up the organisation of a specific government. Government of any kind currently affects every human activity in many important ways. For this reason, political scientists generally argue that government should not be studied by itself; but s In political science, it has long been a goal to create a typology or taxonomy of polities, as typologies of political systems are not obvious.[7] It is especially important in the political science fields of comparative politics and international relations. On the surface, identifying a form of government appears to be simple, as all governments have an official form. The United States is a federal republic, while the former Soviet Union was a socialist republic. However self-identification is not objective, and as Kopstein and Lichbach argue, defining regimes can be tricky.[8] For example, elections are a defining characteristic...
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...politics is about the government holding beliefs to aim for an organization to benefit for themselves and have small interest to the citizens. In fact this view of politics cannot be denied when looking at such examples from the past and now. 2. Politics in the Past 2.1 The Root of Politics When did politics start? This question cannot be answered, as there are no specific dates of when it had started. If there were an answer to this question, probably the start of mankind would have been the beginning of politics, since the nature of politics is very similar to that of rule and control. Countries that had monarchs, for instance a country that was ruled by kings and emperors were classified as divine; a more like authoritarian government style. Until the French revolution, this divine was the absolute and most common way of ruling a country. These monarchs can be dated as early as 2100 BC in Sumeria, which is said to be one of the longest and lasting political institutions in the world. Even though the king had absolute power over ruling the country, there were still supports from experienced advisors. It is said that the presence of these advisors were one of the factors in creating a constitutional monarchy, which had lead to today’s constitutional government. 2.2 The Foundation of the Term “Politics” The idea of politics has been...
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...[Name of Student] [Name of Instructor] [Course Code] [Date of Submission] An Essay on Politics, Politicians and Political Parties When the term politician is mentioned, we immediately think of a person of honor. At times, we think that the person may most likely have a criminal record especially if the politician is from a developing country. Another thought is that the person is from a royal family as a prince, king or emperor. Politicians in most cases are entangled in controversies. We tend to see them begging for votes during or around the election time. The often have many promises to the electorate being put across using slogans, posters, and sweet words. These promises give false hopes to the citizens. Almost every time after these elections, these hopes are shattered, and the people then realize they made a mistake to put the politicians in power. In addition, the issue of elections rigging is often the case diluting the effort of the people who were targeting positive change in the governance of their country. The citizens are usually the ones that are greatly affected by corrupt leadership. We, therefore, tend to ask ourselves whether the problem is with the leadership or use of the electorate. Do we lack the ability to choose good leaders? Is the political seat by itself responsible for turning all people that aspire for it to be corrupt? If there is a lack of our abilities to choose a good leader, then action should be taken to decide wisely during elections...
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...Curtice and Ben Seyd EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Britain is widely believed to be suffering a crisis of democracy. This briefing examines whether this perception is justified or not. Our findings - which are based on a four year research project funded by the ESRC - address four key issues: the legitimacy of governments, patterns of participation in politics, the impact of constitutional reform, and the explanation for any crisis. Legitimacy There has been a decline in levels of trust in government and confidence in the political system. Thirty years ago, four in ten people in Britain trusted government to put the needs of the nation above those of their political party; today, just one in five do so. But much of this decline set in during the early 1990s, although trust and confidence have fallen further since 1997. Participation Turnout at all elections has declined since 1997, most noticeably at the 2001 general election, when the participation rate was the lowest since 1918. At the same time, levels of non-electoral participation have increased somewhat. Meanwhile, it is not the case that people engage outside the ballot box as an alternative to voting; rather, most people use non-electoral activities as a complement to participating at elections. One reason why non-electoral participation has not declined is because people generally feel as engaged with the...
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...THE CONSTITUTION OF REALITY INTRODUCTION Spinoza’s political thought draws from a number of sources, both classical and modern. As one commentator puts it “Spinoza formed new conclusions from facts and concept borrowed from others”. It is worth briefly considering some of the sources of the facts and concepts that he inherits. At some point in the Mid-1650’s (around the time of his cherem, or excommunication) Spinoza began studying Latin with Francisus Van Den Enden. Van Den Enden was an ex–Jesuit and radical egalitarian with revolutionary tendencies. He was out to death in 1674 after Laring izech found guilty of conspiring to depose Louis XIV in order to establish a free republic in Normandy. Van Dan Enden was an anti–clerical democrat with appears to have profoundly influenced Spinoza. One commentators has gone so far as to call Van Dan Enden’s genius behind Spinoza, claiming that Van Den Enden’s writing contain a political theory which is in fact the same as the one worked out by Spinoza. Whether or not this assessment is fair, it is clear that Spinoza’s thinking was nourished through his association with Van Den Enden and the larger radical Cartesian circle in Amsterdam. How can we verify the real possibility of a constitutive praises? Spinoza adversaries (both on the protest anti side and on the catholic side) maintain that the political problem in Spinoza is central and that it’s the substance of the religious problem. Naturally, they have a negative opinion of this inversion...
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...one dominant political party, the Democratic-Republicans. Throughout this time period and the ensuing events that led to the formation of the two-party system, participation in political campaigns and elections drastically changed due to an overall increasing interest in politics from American citizens, as well as more politicians attempting to appeal to the “common man”. The percentage of eligible voter participation and the percent of states allowing voters to choose presidential electors rose dramatically...
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...It has become important for the wider population to take care of what they say and in what situation they say it. This has been incorporated in the term now called Political Correctness or PC. In the last decade, this term has increasingly gotten popular in almost every institution of society. In this paper, the prevalence of political correctness in politics is analyzed. As politics plays a part in connecting all other function of society, it is important to take a view of how the lack of political correctness has changed the society in difference forms by causing an upsurge in hate crime and white supremacy. In this paper, the presidency of Obama and Trump is contrasted as two differing sides of PC and the harmful effects of Trump’s anti-PC campaign are showcased. Political Correctness in Politics The term Political correctness has been weaving in and out of political talks since quite a while but...
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...In Chapter 1, Locke first reiterates his arguments from the First Treatise against Sir Robert Filmer's writings. His points refute Filmer as follows: Adam was NOT given absolute authority over the world and his children by God Adam's heirs, therefore, did not have this authority No one can claim rights since it is impossible to identify Adam's heirs today. Locke aimed to refute Filmer's theory of the divine right of sovereignty. Locke finishes the chapter by noting that one must not confuse different types of power--paternal, familial, and political--for each has very different characteristics. He defines political power as the right to make laws for the protection and regulation of property; these laws are backed by the community, for the public good. Locke addresses the natural instincts of people, or the state of nature, in order to define political power. In Chapter 2, Locke explains the state of nature as a state of equality in which no one has power over another, and all are free to do as they please. He notes, however, that this liberty does not equal license to abuse others, and that natural law exists even in the state of nature. Each individual in the state of nature has the power to execute natural laws, which are universal. Locke then posits that proof of this natural law lies in the fact that, even though a person cannot reasonably be under the power of a foreign king, if a person commits a crime in a foreign country they can still be punished. Locke...
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