...Political Socialization The process in how a person forms their political ideals and values by taking in what is around them. People are politically socialized by different agents of socialization. These agents include a person’s family, the media, where they have received their education, their peers, religion, faith, geography, age, and gender. This definition holds true in America and in different countries as well.. Everyone is politically socialized in some manner. The importance of age in the process of political socialization is rather important. Young or old, the ideals of how the government is seen by someone has a direct effect on what their age is. The agent of age is unique because some agents of political socialization turn into factors of age in political socialization. These factors include family, school, media, and religion. Why do young people older citizens’ majority of the time seem to have different political outlook from each other? Anja Neundorf gives a three part answer to contribute a reason to this question. The first part of an answer to why older and younger people differ in political views states “So-called age effects refer to changes that are associated with basic biological processes or progression through the life-cycle as social roles change with age or as the accumulation of social experience increases” (Neundorf 2). In other words as an individual gets older their behavior changes according to where they are in the life cycle. Political...
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...Public Participation in Political Process Analysis 4.1 Perspectives on Political Beliefs 1 Political scientists believe that families play an important role in the socialization process. Families pass along party identification to their children, and politically active families may do so for future generations. Consider the link between your family and your political socialization. Respond to the following: 1. Explain your level of political involvement and your party affiliation. Are you registered to vote? Are you a regular voter? Do you participate in both local and national elections? Have you ever joined a political group or participated in a political campaign? How closely do you follow current events? Do you consider yourself a member of a political party, and have you always had the same affiliation? I do not have a high level of political involvement in any party affiliation at this time. I am registered to vote and I usually vote only during presidential election cycles. I normally do not participate in local elections, however I did attempt to formulate a plan to run for mayor of an unincorporated portion of my former county until the referendum to create a new city failed to pass. I joined a Democratic group while was in college however, my involvement was very limited. I follow current events in a consistency level slightly above the average for people within my group of socialization. I’m not a member of a political part and find some personal...
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...quite different individuals as well as societies( Berger and Berger , 1979). The process of instilling such fundamental elements of culture in a society’s new members is called socialization. The nature of the human animal both allows and requires socialization(Elkin and Handel, 1984,p.18). Through socialization people learn to participate effectively in the communities to which they belong. When people from all walks of life with different cultures converge at one place for educational purposes there is usually a clash of cultures and through interaction and new socialization it is possible to create a new culture where these people can learn to co-exist with their differences, they learn from each other and learn to integrate new norms and values with their existing ones. This is known as resocialization or secondary socialization. Secondary socialization takes place outside the home. It is where children and adults learn how to act in a way that is appropriate for the situations that they are in. schools require very different behavior from the home. Students act according to new rules. Educational institutions play a very important role in secondary socialization. In fact Parsons suggested the schools often bridge the gap between primary and secondary socialization. During primary socialization they learn the particular values of their family circle but at school the children are exposed to the values of the community and...
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...international process resulting from the socialization of state-society units into the modern global culture which originated some two centuries ago in the West (Bull,1977). Contrary to the assumptions of world-polity and some recentering theorists, however, state socialization to democracy as a constitutive norm is far from assured, and in particular, some states (guardians) resist socialization fiercely while others embrace it. Guardian states such as China and India developed their traditions of resistance as a result of being unable to resolve the ‘‘tiyong crisis’’ in a way that would finesse geopolitical and geo-symbolic decentering[2]. Elites in the pre-modern Siamese state resolved their tying crisis by re-imagining the Thai national essence as consistent with modernity’s basic presuppositions development that eventually helped facilitate Chinese recentering. Once transformed in the 1990s, the Chinese state became an agent of socialization by proselytizing for democracy within Asian[3]. Successful decentering is a complex historical process resulting from, among other things, the socialization of state-society units into an international normative order ‘‘modern’’ and Western in origin. Numerous actors at home and abroad promote decentering in the process of socializing non-democratic states into what Stanford sociologist John Meyer[4] have called a ‘‘world polity’’ informed by a modernist ‘‘global culture.’’. Agents of socialization include other states, international...
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...socialization Process by which individuals acquire the knowledge, language, social skills, and value to conform to the norms and roles required for integration into a group or community. It is a combination of both self-imposed (because the individual wants to conform) and externally-imposed rules, and the expectations of the others. In an organizational setting, socialization refers to the process through which a new employee 'learns the ropes,' by becoming sensitive to the formal and informal power structure and the explicit and implicit rules of behavior. See also organizational culture and orientation. Elements of Socialization[edit] Socialization is a fundamental sociological concept, comprising a number of elements. While not every sociologist will agree which elements are the most important, or even how to define some of the elements of socialization, the elements outlined below should help clarify what is meant by socialization. Goals of Socialization[edit] A kindergarten in Afghanistan. Arnett,[1] in presenting a new theoretical understanding of socialization (see below), outlined what he believes to be the three goals of socialization: impulse control and the development of a conscience role preparation and performance, including occupational roles, gender roles, and roles in institutions such as marriage and parenthood the cultivation of sources of meaning, or what is important, valued, and to be lived for In short, socialization is the process that prepares...
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...stereotyping and prejudice. * Man will exert great effort in competing with others. * Knowledge of S.S. may enable man to adapt to the social environment * Improvement of man’s standard of living * Effect economic development in a society. * Attainment of a harmonious and stable society. * Types of Stratification System * Caste System * Brahmins – private and scholars * Kastriya – warriors * Vaisya – merchants and farmers * Sudra – labourers and peasants * Estate System * Nobility * Clergy * Peasantry * Open Class System Theoretical Perspectives of Stratification * Theoretical Analysis Stratification * Structural- Functional Analysis *...
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...protest, their participation will serve at least to a certain extent to bring about social change will actualize their potential for mobilization at the highest level of involvement. Individual effectiveness is also one of the perceptions of the model that is most influenced by social networks, directly but also indirectly via interest in the political issue and the perception of the organization’s effectiveness . This last result highlights the close interweaving between social ties and individual effectiveness. In other words, it stresses the interconnectedness of relational factors and human agency, and demonstrates that both structuralist and rationalist accounts are indispensable to explanation of individual participation. Conclusion Social networks matter, but they do so by performing various functions in the process of individual participation. They intervene at least three different ways. First, they intervene in the socialization and construction of identities. In this function, networks yield structures of meaning that enable individuals to create (or to solidify) identities and to establish cultural proximity with a specific political contention, usually in the long run. Here networks create an initial disposition to participate by developing specific meaning structures. As we have seen, only social networks...
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...1 THE ROLE OF PUBLIC RELATIONS IN ENHANCING CUSTOMERS’ SATI STATION (A CASE STUDY OF NIGERIAN AIRWAYS ENUGU ) 2 THE IMPACT OF NEWS COMMENTARIES ON RADIO LISTENERS (A CASE STUDY OF FEDERAL RADIO CORPORATION OF NIGERIA ENUGU) 3 HAZARDS OF JOURNALISM PROFESSION UNDER MILITARY REGIME (FROM 1993 – 1998) 4 MASS MEDIA COVERAGE OF RURAL DEVELOPMENT NEWS. A CONTENT ANALYTICAL STUDY OF THE GUARDIAN, DAILY CHAMPION, PUNCH AND DAILY STAR NEWSPAPERS. 5 THE ROLE OF MODERN TECHNOLOGY IN ACHIEVING COMMUNICATION EFFICIENCY IN NIGERIA 6 INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND THE CHANGING ROLE OF MASS MEDIA IN NIGERIA A DISCOURSE ON THE IMPACT OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND MEDIA DEVELOPMENT IN NIGERIA 7 THE ROLE OF THE BROADCASTING MEDIA IN UPLIFTING THE EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM OF ENUGU STATE. (A CASE STUDY OF ENUGU METROPOLIS ) 8 A COMPARATIVE STUDY ON “THE IMPORTANCE OF PIDGIN ENGLISH IN BROADCASTING” (A CASE STUDY OF THE ESBS ENUGU 9 THE IMPACT OF TESTIMONIAL USE ON ADVERTISING EFFECTIVENESS (A CASE STUDY OF KANU NWANKWO IN PEAR MILK ADVERTISMENT) 10 AN A****SMENT OF THE EFFECTS OF TELEVISION PROGRAMMES ON YOUTHS. (A CASE STUDY OF CAMPUS CIRCUIT ON MINAJ BROADCAST INTERNATIONAL) 11 THE ROLE OF RADIO IN DEMOCRATIC SOCIETY (A CASE STUDY OF ENUGU NORTH LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA) 12 THE ROLE OF PUBLIC RELATIONS IN ENHANCING CUSTOMERS SATISFACTION IN A GOVERNMENT PERASTATTALS 13 THE ROLE OF PUBLIC RELATIONS IN ENHANCING CUSTOMERS SATISFACTION IN A GOVERNMENT PERASTATTALS 14 THE ROLE OF...
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...Culture and Socialization Learning to be Human Understanding Cause & Effect • Correlation - the existence of a regular relationship between two sets of occurrences or variables. • Causation - a relationship in which one event or situation brings about the other. • Correlation does not imply causation. But a causal relationship must mean that two variables are correlated. Sociological Imagination • The more we understand what is happening in the world, the more frustrated we often become, for our knowledge leads to feelings of powerlessness. We feel that we are living in a world in which the citizen has become a mere spectator or a forced actor, and that our personal experience is politically useless and our political will a minor illusion (Mills 1959) Macro argument. Chapter 3 Culture & Society The Concepts of Culture Culture - The values the members of a given group hold, the norms they follow, and the material goods they create. Values - abstract ideals. For example, monogamy is a prominent value in most Western societies. Norms - definite principles or rules people are expected to observe Society - a system of relationships that connects individuals who share the same culture. The Concepts of Culture Culture and society are closely related. Cultural variations among humans are linked to different types of society. No culture could exist without a society; equally, no society could exist without culture. The Concepts of Culture Ethnocentrism – judging...
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...Participation in Local Unions: A Comparison of Black and White Members Author(s): Michele M. Hoyman and Lamont Stallworth Source: Industrial and Labor Relations Review, Vol. 40, No. 3 (Apr., 1987), pp. 323-335 Published by: Cornell University, School of Industrial & Labor Relations Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/2523490 Accessed: 12/01/2010 13:33 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use, available at http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp. JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use provides, in part, that unless you have obtained prior permission, you may not download an entire issue of a journal or multiple copies of articles, and you may use content in the JSTOR archive only for your personal, non-commercial use. Please contact the publisher regarding any further use of this work. Publisher contact information may be obtained at http://www.jstor.org/action/showPublisher?publisherCode=cschool. Each copy of any part of a JSTOR transmission must contain the same copyright notice that appears on the screen or printed page of such transmission. JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact support@jstor.org. Cornell University, School of...
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...Social structure reflected the various levels of analysis within differing sub-fields of sociology. Sociology is the scientific study of society which is also a social science that uses various methods of empirical investigation and critical analysis to develop a body of knowledge about human society activity. One example of social structure is the idea of social stratification, which is the concept involving the classification of persons into groups based on shared socio-economic conditions; a relational set of inequalities with economic, social, political and ideological dimensions, refers to the idea that society is separated into different levels, guided by the underlying structures in the social system. This approach has been important in the academic literature with the rise of various forms of structuralism. It is important in the modern study of organizations, because an organization's structure may determine its flexibility, capacity to change, and many other factors. Therefore, structure is an important issue for management. Social structure such as family, religion, law, economy, and class may be seen to influence important social systems including the economic system, legal system, political system, and cultural system. The social system is the parent system of those various systems that are embedded within it (www.soc.washington.edu). Social Process Theory states that criminal behavior is a function of a socialization process. This included the socio-psychological...
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...actions. Accordingly, we can better understand that what we are and what we can become by studying the social relations that help shape us. FOR EXAMPLE: even the most personal issues can be studied using a sociological approach Suicide could have been seen as an anti-social act caused by psychological distress but Durkheim studied it from a sociological perspective correlating it to “social solidarity”, how frequently people interact with others and share their beliefs, values and morals. Social forces then determine the likelihood to commit suicide. Sociologists use the sociological approach to identify: 1) A behavior that they are interested in 2) Social forces that influence that behavior 3) The larger institutional, political, etc – changes that improve human welfare with respect to that behavior CHAPTERS TO READ: * SIQ (Society in Question) Chapter 1 * Chapter 1 in NS (New Society) FOCUS ON THESE SECTIONS IN CHAPTER 1 OF NS * The...
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...The Organizational Challenge: Independent Contractors September 30, 2009 Table of Contents Introduction……………………………………………………………………. 3 Background……………………………………………………………………. .4 Analysis………………………………………………………………………….6 Conclusion……………………………………………………………………….8 References……………………………………………………………………….9 Introduction “Culture” has become a common way of thinking about and describing an organization’s internal world--a way of differentiating one organization’s “personality” from another (Trevino, P-256)). Employees are brought into the organization’s culture through a process called socialization. Through socialization, employees are taught the ropes. Socialization can take place through formal training or mentoring, or through more informal transmission of norms by peers and managers. When effectively socialized, employees behave in ways that are consistent with cultural expectations. Organizational culture is created and maintained through a multifaceted of formal and informal organizational systems. Formally, organizational structure, selection systems, orientation and training programs, rules and policies, and performance management processes all contribute to culture creation and management. Informally, the culture’s norms of daily behavior keep the culture alive and indicate to both insiders and outsiders whether the formal systems represent fact or façade. Culture defines us and reflects the corporate public image. Ethics is an integral part of that organization’s...
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...Essay: Evaluate the role of education in society. Consider issue of gender in your response. Also, consider how such factors may impact on a person’s life chances. This essay will examine the role of education in society and an analysis of inequality in relation to Gender. It will discuss briefly education and examine the different theoretical approaches to education followed by an analysis of inequality using information on statistics of inequality in British education in relation to gender and attainment. This essay will Identify and evaluate key policy developments in education provision designed to bridge the gap of gender inequality in British education. The role of education in society has been among the major issues in contemporary sociological and political debate. According to Iannelli and Paterson (2005) education is a major factor that helps determine the jobs and social class positions of individuals in society. As an institution of sociology, education plays a dominant role in transmitting prevalent ideologies of society by providing pupils with the curriculum and hidden curriculum as well as the skills that will prepare them physically, mentally and socially for their life chances (Clark 2005). Educational institutions play a very important role in reducing social inequalities. Over the last century British schools experienced very important changes and moved from a selective system to a comprehensive one in the 1960s and 70s. Much research has shown that the...
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...do the social sciences differ from natural and physical science? Competencies covered by this subject 113.1.1 - Social Science Theory and Methodology Scientific Method in Social Science To prepare for further study in this domain, you will want to familiarize yourself with ways in which the scientific method is applied in the social sciences. Keep in mind the crucial comparison between social and natural science. Consider the following questions: What is the scientific method? Scientific Method for Sociology An area of inquiry is a scientific discipline if its investigators use the scientific method, which is a systematic approach to researching questions and problems through objective and accurate observation, collection and analysis of data, direct experimentation, and replication (repeating) of these procedures. Scientists affirm the importance of gathering information carefully, remaining unbiased when evaluating information, observing phenomena, conducting experiments, and accurately recording procedures and results. They are also skeptical about their results, so they repeat their work and have their findings confirmed by other...
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