...THE LIE DETECTOR BY, ALMITA JOHN 0981090 VENKATA LAKSHMI SAILAJA CHAVALI 0982874 OBJECTIVES ▶ To create a sensing device modeled after a polygraph test ▶ Test would incorporate results from several physiological sensors ▶ Create a Labview program to gather and analyze subject data POLYGRAPH THEORY ▶ Polygraphs ▶ Heart measure: rate ▶ Respiratory ▶ Blood ▶ Arm rate pressure and leg motion ▶ Electrodermal activity LIE DETECTION ▶ Lie detection, also referred to as deception detection, uses questioning techniques along with technology that record physiological functions to ascertain truth and falsehood in response. It is commonly used by law enforcement and has historically been an inexact science. Manufacturers of lie Detectors ▶ Lie detector manufacturer Nemesysco ▶ Lafayette Instrument Company ▶ Axciton Systems ▶ Limestone Technologies Inc. ▶ Stoelting Company Evolution ▶ From the onset of civilization:there has been a compelling need to determine the truthfulness of individuals when transgressions have occurred. ▶ Over the centuries: there have been many efforts to refine the rule of ‘two or more witnesses’ with additional methods of truth verification. An example of this would be circa 500 B.C. in India Evolution conti.. ▶ The first recorded effort: In 1885 Lombroso was recording changes in blood pressure in police cases in Italy with some...
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...Polygraphs as Truth or Lies Thanks to the abundance of police dramas on television, people have begun to believe that a polygraph test is infallible. Many studies, as well as a Supreme Court case, have since revealed that the veracity of polygraphs is far from impeccable. Also, there are few if any credible sources that support the veracity of polygraph machines. As Dr. Saxe and Israeli psychologist Gershon Ben-Shahar (1999) notes, "it may, in fact, be impossible to conduct a proper validity study." In real-world situations, it's very difficult to know what the truth is.” (American Psychological Association [APA], 2004) Polygraphs do not function as a lie detector. A polygraph only directly measures the autonomic responses of the subject. It measures reactions such as changes in skin conductance, pulse rate, blood pressure, and breathing while the subject is asked a series of questions. From that data, it makes an indirect assumption that positive physiological responsive indicate dishonesty and vice versa. When taking a polygraph test, proctors use several different tactics to elicit responses from their subjects. One is called the "relevant-irrelevant" technique, which mixes questions like "Did you steal the money?" in with questions like "Is today Tuesday?" Questions that are relevant to the topic are suppose to cause a jump within the subject’s autonomic system and in turn would produce results on the polygraph. Another tactic that is commonly used is "comparison questions"...
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...POLYGRAPHY INTRODUCTION: The idea of using a polygraph for lie detection emerged at the end of the nineteenth century. Despite major technological advances in the twentieth century, the polygraph has evolved little since its invention. The polygraph works under the assumption that lies can be detected by certain measurable physiological changes, a theory proposed more than 100 years ago. The three physiological vectors measured in polygraphs in the 1920s cardiovascular, respiratory and perspiratory activities are still measured by modern polygraphs. Although the polygraph is still widely used, critics question its accuracy because of the subjectivity involved in the test. Recent technological breakthroughs have created new machines for lie detection. However, since many of these new technologies still operate under questionable assumptions, they are still prone to error and misinterpretation. Perhaps one of the most fascinating and misunderstood tools of the criminal justice and criminology industry is the polygraph exam, more commonly known as the lie detector test. While the tests are based on relatively simple scientific principles, not just anyone can strap you up to an instrument and start firing away with questions. Lie detector tests are instead conducted by highly trained and disciplined technicians, known as polygraph examiners. LIE DETECTION AND FORENSIC PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGY * Lie Detection * It is also referred to as deception detection which uses questioning...
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...of Polygraph tests, Narco-anlaysis test and Brain-mapping test in reference to Selvi’s case Before answering these questions, it is necessary to examine the evolution and specific uses of the impugned techniques. Hence, a description of each of the test procedures is followed by an overview of their possible uses, both within and outside the criminal justice system. It is also necessary to gauge the limitations of these techniques. Polygraph Examination The origin of polygraph examination have been traced back to the efforts of Lombroso, a criminologist who experimented with a machine that measured blood pressure and pulse to assess the honesty of persons suspected of criminal conduct. His device was called a hydrosphygmograph. The theory behind polygraph tests is that when a subject is lying in response to a question, he/she will produce physiological responses that are different from those that arise in the normal course. During the polygraph examination, several instruments are attached to the subject for measuring and recording the physiological responses. The examiner then reads these results, analyzes them and proceeds to gauge the credibility of the subject's answers. Instruments such as cardiographs, pneumographs, cardio-cuffs and sensitive electrodes are used in the course of polygraph examinations. They measure changes in various aspects such as respiration, blood pressure, blood flow, pulse and galvanic skin resistance. There are three prominent polygraph examination...
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...Methods of Lie Detection Samuel Medina Housatonic Community College Abstract This research paper will cover a few different aspects of Lie Detection. Through the knowledge gathered from 5 journal articles the reader will learn of different methods of lie detection as well as some real life applications and the possibilities of lie detection in the near future. The areas that the 5 journal articles touch upon are the Cognitive load approach, the use of the polygraph and its controversies, the behavioral differences when using a person’s first or second language, the use of fMRI and the potential future of fMRI technology and last but not least some of the application of lie detection in our world today and potential for even more efficient and less intrusive methods of lie detection. Methods of Lie Detection In today’s society technology is at the fore-front of almost every aspect of life. In one particular area technology has created a new path of discovery for society to explore. Lie detection is a subject widely used in different ways throughout law enforcement and is becoming implemented in many different ways in our society today. Lie detection is being used in court rooms all over the world to solidify verdicts proved in the court rooms. There are a few methods of lie detection used in and outside of the court rooms but not all are allowed in the court rooms because of certain controversies. Of course with every...
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...about what you were doing earlier to your friend, when really you were at the mall buying her a birthday present for her birthday that weekend. A negative example of lying would be a girlfriend cheating on her boyfriend, and lying about what she was doing instead. Then you have situations where you lie and agree with someone just to keep a conversation going. You also have compulsive liars who feel the need to lie about everything they do and talk about. Sometimes these people get so convinced on what they are lying about themselves, that they don’t even know how much they do it or when they do it. Both men and women lie in approximately a fifth of their social exchanges lasting 10 or more minutes; over the course of a week they deceive about 30 percent of those with whom they interact one-on-one. (Phycology Today, 1997.) Now if you’re in a criminal situation and they only have your feedback to go off of, they need to test whether or not you’re lying. In order to do this, they need to use a polygraph or brain scanner. These lie detecting technologies aren’t 100% effective. My question is if they will ever be improved or 100% accurate. While looking up how we benefit ourselves with the lie detection technologies we use today, I came across articles with a similar outlook and proposal. In the research, I was able to see all the experiments done from college students around the world for up to 40 years that led to what devices we use today. Right after reviewing this I was able to encounter...
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...one could see through to the truth. “Human society would be orderly, boring and as alien as an anthill,” he notes. If only there was a machine to read others’ minds… There is such a machine, but to some extent, can only measure anxiety, taken to mean as a lie. This machine, the polygraph, also known as the “lie detector”, only can hint whether a subject is lying. Critics say that the polygraph is flawed because of false positives (an honest answer is mistaken for a lie) and false negatives (a lie is overlooked as a truth). Furthermore, the polygraph is not permitted to use as evidence in the legal system; the National Research Council even called the device “blunt”. There must be a better way to achieve successful end results in looking at others’ thought processes. Ross names famous philosophers and scientists investigating the same problem. Greek philosopher Diogenes went about his life carrying a lamp to look for an honest man in what he thought was a corrupt society. Ross argues that instead of looking for clues of deception on the outside of one’s body (like sweating or breathing irregularly, as found in the polygraph), it is better to look inside one’s brain. There you can not only tell a truth from a lie, but look at how one solves a simple math problem step by step. A scientist who investigates this further is J. Peter Rosenfeld who observed an interesting feature in the EEG (electroencephalograph; chart of brain’s electrical signals) in which lying also elicited...
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...Plan Memorandum From: To: Traci Goldeman Date: June 30, 2014 Subject: Employment Law Compliance Plan I will be developing an employment law compliance plan for Mr. Bradley Stonefield who, wants to open a limousine service in Austin, Texas. Within the first year, the limousine service will employ up to 25 people. In this memo, the employment laws will be discussed and how the laws will be applied to the business. The penalties for being in non-compliance with the laws will also be discussed in the memo. If a company does not follow the employment laws, there are lots of consequences that the company will face. I will be discussing four employment laws which are as follows: The Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938 (FLSA), Employee Polygraph Protection Act of 1988 (EPPA), Surface Transportation Assistance Act (STAA) and the Equal Pay Act of 1963. The Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938 (FLSA) The Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938 (FLSA) was established as a standard for minimum wages, overtime pay, child labor and recordkeeping. More than 130 million workers are affected by these standards in both the private and public sectors; these are part-time and full-time workers. Employees who work to produce goods for interstate commerce or to sell goods that have been moved or produced for interstate commerce. The Act does not cover business with less than $500,000 in annual dollar volume of business. However, businesses such as hospitals, schools, federal and local government agencies...
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...LP 8.3 – Federal Employment Acts Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938 The Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938 establishes standards for the basic minimum wage and overtime pay, affects most private and public employment. It requires employers to pay covered employees who are not otherwise exempt at least the federal minimum wage and overtime pay of one-and-one-half-times the regular rate of pay. For nonagricultural operations, it restricts the hours that children under age 16 can work and forbids the employment of children under age 18 in certain jobs deemed too dangerous. For agricultural operations, it prohibits the employment of children under age 16 during school hours and in certain jobs deemed too dangerous. Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970 The Occupational and Safety Health Act of 1970 was passed to ensure worker and workplace safety. The goal was to make sure employers provide their workers a place of employment free from recognized hazards to safety and health, such as exposure to toxic chemicals, excessive noise levels, mechanical dangers, heat or cold stress, or unsanitary conditions. The Act covers all employers engaged in commerce and their employees throughout the U.S. and has a separate program for federal government employees. Employees at the state and local government levels are covered by states with OSHA approved plans. Family Medical and Leave Act Covered employers must grant eligible employees up to a total of 12 workweeks of unpaid leave during any...
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...University of Phoenix Material Employment Laws Chart Complete the chart below using information from the weekly readings and additional research if necessary. | | |Court Case Influential to | | | | |Description and Requirement of Law |Establishment of Law |Importance of Law |Workplace Application | |Employment Law | | | | | | |Discrimination in the work place on |Griggs vs. Duke Power Co. prohibits |That organizations cannot discriminate|This Act gives a person equal | |Civil Rights Act of 1964 |race and sex based on hiring, |intentional job discrimination and |upon a person because of his or her |opportunity regardless of the color of| | |promoting, and firing |employer practices that have |race, or sex |skin or male/female in a working | | | |discriminatory effects | ...
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...education, and training in the field of occupational safety and health; and for other purposes. Family and Medical Leave Act The Family Medical Leave Act was signed into law in 1993 to balance needs of employers and employees in circumstances when employees must take extended medical leaves for serious medical conditions, including pregnancy, or to care for family members. The purpose of the law is to protect employee jobs in these circumstances. It does not necessarily pay the employee during this time, if the employee does not otherwise have paid time off (sick days, vacation, personal days). Employee Polygraph Protection Act The EPPA prevents employers from using lie detector tests, either for pre-employment screening or during the course of employment, with certain exemptions. Employers may not require or request any employee or job applicant to take a lie detector test, or discharge, discipline, or discriminate against an employee or job...
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...system for personal gain. The potential presidential seat is full of responsibilities and decisions to be made with high ethical decision making. Implementing a new set of guidelines using polygraph tests, having the tests televised and a creating a detailed career outline report in the campaign process would help to ensure the validity of the politicians’ statements and past history. Webster's defines ethics as the discipline dealing with what is good and bad and with moral duty and obligation (Ethic, 2012). In politics, ethics plays a major role not only in day to day proceedings, but on the campaign trail as well. The voice of these future leaders is heard very carefully and used as the framework for the voter’s decisions. A lack in ethical responsibility can result in catastrophic repercussions. The position of the President is a real powerful seat to be in. Wars and conflicts can be started or ended from that seat. Big decisions on healthcare, foreign matters, infrastructures and poverty, are matters that affect 300 million people Polygraph testing has been used since the 1950’s to validate statements across the board. A polygraph test is an instrument used to record changes in an individual’s heartbeat, blood pressure, and respiration, and is often called a lie detector. The accuracy of these machines, (between 86-100%) makes them an acceptable piece of evidence in the court of law, including...
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...Areiann Johnson Final Paper April 16, 2012 False Confessions She was killed Mr. Cope. She was raped and murdered! You are in shock. You are confused. You feel indescribable, unbearable pain. This pain is so emotional that it affects you physically too! Someone has ripped your heart out of your chest and made you watch as they relentlessly take a knife to it. All hope is lost. You will surely die from this ordeal. At least you wish you could! Your heart is weak; it drops into your stomach making you nauseated. How will you ever heal? You have been broken. Now every thought that runs through your mind is consumed with your desire for revenge. You want nothing more than to catch the person that has taken someone so precious from you; to make them suffer as you have. Police ask you to come in for questioning. You want to help them do their job and find the perpetrator. You have no idea that the real reason they asked you to come in is because you are their main suspect. They believe you did it. They think that you have taken your own daughters life and have sexually abused her, your little princess…impossible! Billy Wayne Cope is a religious man and has spent numerous hours in church activities with his twelve year old daughter Amanda. On November 29, 2001 Amanda was found on her bed raped and strangled to death. Billy Wayne Cope became police detectives’ main suspect. He initially thought he was helping catch the person that has done this horrific thing...
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...There are so many labor laws on the books that it is difficult if not impossible to ascertain an exact number. The Delta team of Atwood and Allen Consulting has been tasked with informing a client of labor laws that may affect his startup company of limousine service, from hereafter referred to as Landslide Limousine. This service will operate in Austin, Texas. Federal laws, Texas state laws, Travis county laws and the city laws and ordinances of Austin will apply to this business. This report will address some of the laws that the team has deemed as important legislation for Mr. Stonefield, the proprietor to be aware of as he starts his new business. The laws that are discussed are not all inclusive, but what the team as decided is an important start. In addition, we will also list some of the consequences for violations of the labor laws. Some of the most important labor laws for any business of any kind to ensure compliance with is any of the anti-discrimination laws. The Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967 (ADEA) was enacted for the protection from employment discrimination of individuals who are 40 years old plus. This protection is for employees as well as job applicants. This act makes it is unlawful to discriminate against an individual due to their age. The ADEA is applicable to employers with 20 plus employees. Some possible legal ramifications for violating this act is that the employer may be forced to provide back pay, benefits and other forms of compensation...
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...Over the decades, the process to recruit and select police officers has significantly changed. In the 1960's the officers selected were typically white men without higher education. Over the years, the police force across the country has become more diverse employing all races, genders, political and religious views. Still departments must make the best selections to ensure the fundamental principles of policing are enforced; protect life and prevent crime, uphold and enforce law, promote safety, control traffic, encourage respect for the law and protect rights. To find a candidate that meets these criteria is a lengthy and in depth process including; both written and physical exams, background checks, psychological and polygraph tests. To recruit candidate's agencies may post ads, flyers, or participate in job fairs. In addition to these methods some organizations offer internships. To have the best results agencies must begin with a broad group then over time weed out who would fit best for the position. For all agencies the minimum requirements are: be 21 years old, possess a valid driver's license, no felony convictions, and must be able to pass written and medical exams, an interview, a physical and psychological screening. Along with these requirements many agencies require a high school education and some require college credits. A candidate must also have technical knowledge as the use of computers, and technology is now part of the day to day tasks an officer has...
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