...Population Education The relationship between education and population has attracted the attention of both scholars and policymakers, especially since the mid-1970s. The rate of population growth and the number of people living on earth have both increased spectacularly since the beginning of the nineteenth century. During the twentieth century, the human population increased at an average annual rate that was about fifty times as fast as the rate over the previous 10,000 years. Between 1800 and 2000, the number of people alive increased nearly seven-fold. Following World War II, the rate of population growth exploded - during the 1970s it was about four times as great as it had been a century earlier. By 2000, the living population exceeded the entire population born between the beginning of settled agriculture and the year 1900 - a period of 10,000 years. The implications of this explosive growth for both the physical environment and human wellbeing alarmed many observers and prompted an intense public policy debate. Many scholars and policymakers noted that high levels of educational achievement were associated with more moderate rates of population growth, suggesting that important opportunities for alleviating population pressures might be found in ensuring greater access to education, particularly for females. The ensuing public policy debate has prompted an examination of how education affects the birth rate. The explosive growth of the human population in the nineteenth...
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...The Context The concept of population education emerged in the context of population and development - the two most pressing issues before humankind today. Both are closely interrelated and both encompass a number of complex factors. Viewed as an epiphenomenon of the process of development, population issues have aroused widespread concern among almost all the members of the comity of nations. There have been undaunted endeavours to accelerate the pace of socioeconomic development through the instrumentalities of science and technology and to secure distributive justice for the people through different institutional mechanisms. But those are confronted with some basic population related questions of how many people are going to inhabit the earth, how they are to be supported and enabled to make their contributions to development efforts, what they are going to bequeath to posterity and how long they are going to be sustained by the natural and human resource base. The rapid population growth and the concomitant problems of poverty, lack of adequate health and educational facilities, malnutrition, non-fulfilment of even the basic needs of a vast majority of the populace, paucity of employment opportunities, dwindling natural resources and consequent environmental degradation constitute critical dimensions of the present population and development phenomena. It is also pertinent to note that the population phenomenon today embraces issues beyond development. While the size, growth...
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...Introduction. This report aims to analyse the two possible steps that Eton College could potentially take to expand their student population. The first plausible action would be to increase the number of foreign students in the UK and the second is to set up a new school in China. Throughout the paper, one will focus on the issues facing Eton College with regards to the globalisation of its education services and how it will impact the school. Context for globalisation of services. Many other schools and universities have already taken the approach to expand their campuses into foreign countries, many of which are in China. Should Eton just increase their student population in their current school, it will find it difficult to compete with other renowned schools competitively in the future. As observed by Dirk Willem teVelde in 2005, “The education sector itself is subject to globalisation (Sauvé, 2002).” Although for many years, education has been very much considered a public good, it is now debated that “GATs (General Agreement on Trade in Services) is becoming more flexible in governments being able to decide whether or not they wish to open up to education provision from foreign providers, whilst there are others who suggest that education is about more than just a (traded) commodity.” Therefore, as a result, many educational institutions are branching out away from their original locations and creating replicas or slightly adapted versions of themselves in other...
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...rarely makes general theories. Demographic transition refers to the logical sequence of historical phases every population passes as they become modernized (Azia, n.d). The basic principle of demographic transition is that there is an informal connection between modernization and a decline in fertility and mortality. In other words, as societies progress from pre-modernized to a modernized society they experience lower death and lower birth rates. Most of human history was characterized by high crude death rates (CDR). In fact, they averaged 40 or per thousand in most populations. High CDR was caused by a number of factors; however, epidemics and other social conditions were the most common causes. However, as seen in North America and Europe during the 19th century, as epidemics and other social conditions are improved, death rates decline. This particular pattern of change in mortality factors is called the epidemiologic transition, which represents one aspect of the demographic transition (Wright & Boorse, 2011). Four Phases of Demographic Transition In Phase I of demographic transition, a population is characterized by high CBR that is being controlled by equally high CDR. It is known as the most primitive of the phases because there is a high fluctuating CBR and CDR, which results in little to no population growth (Azia, n.d). During this phase the population can be considered primitively stable. One element of Phase II of demographic transition is the epidemiologic...
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...considered, then the three most popular push and pull factors are employment, education and quality of life (climate, atmosphere etc). With internal migration in grade 8 families, the three most common push and pull factors for change of state were employment, family connections and other; with results of 33, 20 and 17 respectively. When all of Australia's internal migration is taken into consideration, the three most common reasons for change of state are employment, climate and educational services. According to Year 8’s results, 107 people have internally migrated between states in Australia. Our data shows that this is 27 more people than those who have internationally migrated to Australia. This means that 80 people from our year 8 families have internationally migrated to this country. Australia's population growth has been slow and consistent for the last five years, with a growth of 1.8% every...
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...Financial Exclusion: India is one of the fastest growing economies in the world, but it still hosts one-third population of the world poors. Studies say, the banking system in India has shown a huge growth however is still unable to reach the remote corners of the nation especially the underprivileged section of the society. According to the data in 2009, 51.4% of the farmer households are financially excluded from both the formal and informal sources, and accounts for 45.9 million out of 89.3 million of this population. 1. Almost three fourth (73%) of all farmer households do not have the access to the formal sources of credit. This makes it more difficult to invest in updating technologies and opportunities. 2. India stands at very low position in the overall ranking of financial inclusion in the world list of countries. Also, it stands at 2nd position followed by china, when considering financially excluded households in the world. 3. Across regions in India, financial exclusion is most acute in central, north-eastern, and eastern regions. They account for almost two-third (64%) of all financially excluded farmer households in the nation. Overall indebtedness to formal sources of finance only acocunts for 19.66% for these regions. According to the census 2011, only 58.7% of the houeholds population are availing the banking services. However it has increased drastically in the rural regions when compared to census 2001. Educational and Social exclusion: ...
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...In this day and age, China has the most population in the world. This largest number in the world also represents that China has a great number of labor focus. But there are also lots of issues following the huge number of population, such as shortage of resources, limited space and so on. In order to solve these problems, the government of China has to take a series of actions to prevent the population growing too fast. So the governor of China instituted the One-Child policy to restrict the growing population. This policy was introduced in 1979 and initially applied to first-born children in the year of 1979. After more than 30 years carry out, the main goal of this policy was achieved. Under the influence, the growth rate declines apparently. In the 1970s, China’s growth rate was 3 percent; in the mid-1980’s, it was 1.2%; and today, China’s growth rate is 0.7 %”( Jackson & Eleen, 2001). On the other hand, this policy also causes several adverse consequences, including high rate of old-age, increased abortion rate, unexpected change of sex ration. There is no doubt this policy’s affection which is obvious. Even though the Chinese government within the pressure of human rights improvement has relaxed the policy and makes this policy more humanistic but some of people still consider the one child policy impact China in a more negative way. Therefore, I will introduce how does one child policy impact towards Chinese society in the below. On the current situation, even...
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...so quickly. Global employers face the challenge that, despite a growing global population, they will soon have to recruit from a shrinking workforce due to an aging population”. Despite a growing global population, the availability of skilled workers is actually shrinking. Studies show this is only the beginning of problems. The labor market shrinks and the struggle for talent workers becomes increasingly fierce. Although the global population increases is observed a significant reduction in labor force. The large economies such as Russia, Canada, South Korea and China will also face this problem having more people to retirement age than are entering the workforce. State such as Brazil, Mexico and Indonesia will have a version a young working force. The question appears only if they will be able to provide them indispensable education and opportunities to develop their skills. Demand for highly skilled employers is growing rapidly. An estimated 31% workers in the world has a problem with fulfilling its obligations due to lack of necessary skills; “today, 65% of global companies, and more than 80% of companies in fast-growing economies have trouble finding employees with the skills”. The reasons for this phenomenon detects increase of level of skills needed in the dynamically developing global economy, and the failure of education systems to produce the relevant base of talent. Access to education increases but a small amount of graduates have skills desired by global employers...
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...A case study of a youthful population UGANDA Table 1. Uganda’s age-sex structure: % of population male female 0-14 years – 51.08% 6,150,038 6,100,880 15-64 years – 46.78% 5,613,499 5,607,526 65 years and over – 2.14% 244,216 269,553 Table 1 shows that over 50% of Uganda’s population is under 15 years of age. The dependency ratio has increased significantly over the years from 100 in 1969 to 122 in 1995. This trend can be explained by i) a very high fertility rate (7.1 children per woman in 1991) and ii) a very low contraceptive prevalence rate – 16%. [pic] [pic] The reproductive behaviour of individual families influences the nations population as a whole and the impact of population size, growth and structure is felt in the level of welfare of individuals and the family. To a great extent what families do is determined by their income earning and knowledge, factors that are not necessarily completely in their control. The high fertility rate and youthful age structure in Uganda has resulted in the build up of a population momentum. Even if fertility were to drop drastically to replacement levels, the population of Uganda would still continue to grow for at least 40-50 years. This has far reaching implications for the development of the individual...
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...1949 The Peoples Republic of China was formed. The population then was made up of mostly workers. The Chinese families were paid to have babies. 1953 The Chinese population had grown to about 583 million people. The Chinese government no longer offered an incentive of pay to have babies. 1963 The Chinese government realized that the families continued to produce babies and they were headed for major problems. The Chinese government came out with, Later Sparcer Fewer Policy. The Policy encouraged Couples to have children later in life, space the births farther apart, and have fewer children. The problem with this policy was that there were already millions of people in China. 1979 Chinese government came up with an extreme plan of the One Child Policy. This policy allows citizens to pick up the birth before the birth of their child. 1980 The Birth Quota System was established to monitor population growth. Target goals were set for each region of the country. Local government officials were responsible for enforcing the population control rules and making sure they did not exceed the the limit they were allotted. Government officials were punished by law and loss of privileges if the pre-established goals were not met. 1980 ( SFPC) Population and Information Research Center was founded. SFPC was established so that different organizations could share information regarding population control. They are responsible for assimilating information...
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...up a substantial portion of the North American population. Representing nearly 20% of the American public, baby boomers have a significant impact on the economy. As a result, baby boomers are often the focus of marketing campaigns and business plans. | Americans with Disabilities Act | Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 prohibits private employers, state and local governments, employment agencies and labor unions from discriminating against qualified individuals with disabilities in job application procedures, hiring, firing, advancement, compensation, job training, and other terms, conditions, and privileges of employment. | Visitability | Visitability is an affordable, sustainable and inclusive design approach for integrating basic accessibility features into all newly built homes and housing. | Accessibility | easy to approach, reach, enter, speak with, or use. | Disability | a physical or mental handicap, especially one that prevents a person from living a full, normal life or from holding a gainful job. | Inclusion | the act of including or the state of being included | Deinstitutionalization | to release (a mentally or physically handicapped person) from a hospital, asylum, home, or other institution with the intention of providing treatment, support, or rehabilitation primarily through community resources under the supervision of health-care professionals or facilities. | Special education | education of physically or mentally...
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...China and Localization: Top 3 Considerations for Global Brands Gavin Grimes is Senior Director, China, at Welocalize. He is based at Welocalize’s offices in Beijing. Having lived and worked in China for five years, he shares some insights on what global brands must consider when conducting business with China. The population of China is over 1.35 billion. Since September 2013, it is officially and comfortably the largest country in the world (worldpopulationreview.com) and it has the largest share of the total online population. Around one-fifth of the world’s population, over 1 billion speakers, report some form of Chinese as their first language. In a report by independent research firm, Common Sense Advisory, “Business Globalization in 2020”, December 2007, it states that, in terms of biggest countries by GDP, “economists predict that by 2020, China will have moved up to second place behind the US.” Global brands and companies looking to tap into this giant economy have to take their translation and localization strategy seriously. We have all seen and heard funny stories about how brands have got the messaging wrong when advertising and marketing to China. YouTube is full of bad translation examples. Brand preservation is key for global companies, so localizing your brand is no laughing matter if you’re serious about expanding your reach into China. Global brands must consider the following when developing their localization strategy to tap into the Chinese market: China’s...
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...the responsibility to ensure to its citizens certain basic needs such as health, education, food and security. In order to translate these constitutional goals into reality, the Government had undertaken a wide array of public policies. The Policy stands out as one of the most remarkable achievements of the government. Since 1976, this policy emphasis has been reflected in all successive 5-year plans and programs. The population of Bangladesh is likely to grow up to 172 million by the year 2020 and will stabilize at 210 million by the year 2060, even if replacement level fertility (i.e. Net Reproductive Rate-NRR=1) is achieved by the year 2010. 15 MAJOR OBJECTIVES OF THE NATIONAL POPULATION POLICY: The objectives of the National Population Policy are to improve the status of family planning, maternal and child health including reproductive health services and to improve the living standard of the people of Bangladesh through making a desirable balance between population and development in the context of Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and Interim Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper (IPRSP). The following major policy objectives will help address the future challenges: 1. Reduce Total Fertility Rate (TFR) and increase the use of family planning methods among eligible couples through raising awareness of family planning; 2. Attain NRR equal to one by the year 2010 so as to stabilize population around 2060; 3. Ensure adequate availability and access of Reproductive Health...
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...Aging population in Charlotte County Abstract The word demographic means the amount as well as the characteristics of people that live in a specific area or region. These characteristics can range from a person’s health, ethnicity, religious beliefs, density, level of education, and economic status (Cambridge Dictionaries Online, 2011). Demographics can also include a person’s age, gender, disabilities, status of employment, and location (Cambridge Dictionaries Online, 2011). These are all the types of human characteristics that are acknowledged and used by marketing, research, and the government in demographic data. Over the years the demographics have started to change dramatically. One of the more challenging demographics that have been dramatically changing is the aging population particularly in the southwest section of Charlotte County. I will be discussing many topics regarding this group, like the impact that this demographic group has on the health care market, specific challenges, what type of needs and services the aging population requires, and a few other topics will be reviewed. The Aging Population The aging population is increasingly growing in the United States each year. This is because there has been a decrease in fertility. A person’s life span has also changed; a person is expected to live approximately 20 more years than before the second half of the 20th century. This was mostly caused by the days of the “Baby Boom”. This has caused an increase of...
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...time now, ever since 1991 reforms of liberalization, globalization and privatization. Indian markets in urban areas have grown appreciably and are on the verge of saturation, so corporates have started tapping rural markets, since more than 60 per cent of India’s population lives in rural areas. During this global meltdown and fall of exports, if the Fast Moving Consumer Goods (FMCG) sector has been able to show rising quarterly growths, it is because of the Rural Markets and their rising spending power, which have not been affected by this meltdown. If we look at the strategies followed by Rural Marketers in the FMCG sector, it is to sell many small sachets of Rs. 2 shampoo pouches, Rs. 5 Maggi packs and the Rs. 5 chota Pepsi, because here, the strength lies in volume sale, considering the large consumer base in these rural markets which won’t spend altogether at once on buying large family packs of 500ml shampoo or super saver packs of Maggi or a Pepsi pet bottle of 2 litres. Therefore, consumption trends followed by the rural Indian are considered to be the driver of future growth of companies. And this trend of tapping rural markets is visible across all sectors now, be it FMCG, IT, Banking, education etc. For example, today, India is in better state than China because our GDP is less dependent on exports as compared to them, where maximum revenues come from exporting to the European and US markets. Thus, tapping the rural markets is most important for us to be...
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