...In the three cases, the initiatives appeared to be driven in different ways. At DrinksCo, the team managing the initiative was well resourced, and the implementation was based on an advanced system of best operating practices. At CarCo, the initiative was driven by the overseas head office through a sophisticated global database of the improvements recorded by all their plants. Despite a company-wide policy to transform the work organization in the corporation, at BoxCo, only the gearbox division, led by a charismatic leader, made the transition. Of the three companies, BoxCo was the only one experiencing any serious financial difficulties. In keeping with Nutt’s four tactics for implementation used by managers, an analysis of the cases finds a combination of intervention and participation tactics used by DrinksCo, edict and intervention tactics used by CarCo, and intervention and participation tactics by BoxCo. Comparing the three cases provides a basis for developing hypotheses associated with ongoing performance improvement teams. Differences among the cases include varying managerial tactics of implementation, implementation environments (e.g. the three cases were different types of manufacturing operations), and work team composition (e.g. technicians at BoxCo versus less educated employees at CarCo). However, in all three cases, significant efforts had been made, in terms of financial investment and managerial time, to implement the respective initiatives. While all...
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...The literal meaning of OVER population explosion is “a pyramiding of numbers of a biological population” (Webster’s dictionary). The main factors affecting the population change are the birth rate, death rate and migration. Migration is the number of people moving in (immigration) or out (emigration) of a country, place or locality. The population change is calculated by the formula: Population change = (Births + Immigration) – (Deaths + Emigration) India, being a developing country, has had to face several economic and political challenges. One of the most important problems is the population explosion. India's population hit 1 billion in May 2000, increasing the urgency for the country to take steps to control its population growth. Some of the reasons for this population explosion are poverty, better medical facilities, and immigration from our neighbouring countries of Bangladesh and Nepal. The population density of India in 1996 was about 287 persons per square kilometre. Several solutions to decrease the rate of population increase have been tried by the government, some successful, some unsuccessful. Although the rate of increase has decreased, the rate has not reached the satisfactory level yet. The population in India continues to increase at an alarming rate. The effects of this population increase can be felt in the increasing poverty, unemployment, air and water pollution, and shortage of food, health resources and educational resources. The main reasons, effects...
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...The literal meaning of OVER population explosion is “a pyramiding of numbers of a biological population” (Webster’s dictionary). The main factors affecting the population change are the birth rate, death rate and migration. Migration is the number of people moving in (immigration) or out (emigration) of a country, place or locality. The population change is calculated by the formula: Population change = (Births + Immigration) – (Deaths + Emigration) India, being a developing country, has had to face several economic and political challenges. One of the most important problems is the population explosion. India's population hit 1 billion in May 2000, increasing the urgency for the country to take steps to control its population growth. Some of the reasons for this population explosion are poverty, better medical facilities, and immigration from our neighbouring countries of Bangladesh and Nepal. The population density of India in 1996 was about 287 persons per square kilometre. Several solutions to decrease the rate of population increase have been tried by the government, some successful, some unsuccessful. Although the rate of increase has decreased, the rate has not reached the satisfactory level yet. The population in India continues to increase at an alarming rate. The effects of this population increase can be felt in the increasing poverty, unemployment, air and water pollution, and shortage of food, health resources and educational resources. The main reasons, effects...
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...long research project is population and consumption. Before delving into the project, I chose to do some reading on population and consumption. Through my reading, population was explained to me the simplest by Robert W. Kates, an American geographer, independent scholar, and professor at Brown University as, “the simple arithmetic of adding births, subtracting deaths, adding immigrants and subtracting out-migrants” (Kates 12). Additionally, I was able to grasp a greater understanding of what exactly consumption is. By reading “Population and Consumption: What We Know, What We Need To Know”, I learned that there is not one definition that can sum up the meaning of consumption because there are so many ways it can be viewed: “For physicists, matter and energy cannot be consumed, so consumption is conceived as transformations of matter and energy with increased entropy. For economists, consumption is spending on consumer goods and services and thus distinguished from their production and distribution. For ecologists, consumption is obtaining energy and nutrients by eating something else, mostly green plants or other consumers of green plants. And for some sociologists, consumption is a status symbol when individuals and households use their incomes to increase their social status through certain kinds of purchases” (Kates 13-14). Once I had a better understanding of the topic, my group decided that we should compare two countries based on their population, land area, biological...
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...all these issues. INDIA- An economic boom and environmental Disaster INDIA- An economic boom and environmental Disaster India, the country’s name is derived from the great ancient civilization that was situated around the river Indus, the Indus Valley Civilization. This is known to be one of the oldest known civilizations in the human history, dating back to 3rd and 2nd millennia B.C. The civilization that began in the northwestern region of India surrounding the Indus River later spread its tribes further across to east and south, covering the whole of present known peninsula of India. (UCLA, nd) India has been ruled by a lot of rulers. They came to India in search of wealth and prosperity. India had a lush and very dense amount of resources, which made it one of the most flourishing countries of that period. India at that time had very good trade relations with the Middle Eastern, Persian, European and Afghanistan etc. India traded goods like cotton, spices, gold and silk. In the recent history, India has been ruled by the Persian-Arab Mughals and later by British Imperials. (Mark, 2012) The Mughals and the British were the most influential rulers in the Indian ecological history. They Mughals were greatly responsible for bringing in architecture and art to India. They constructed many monuments and embezzled these monuments with precious stones and gold. The British are responsible for bringing in modern elements like trains to India. While the Mughals...
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...Demographics of India India does not collect data but according to the CIA World Factbook it estimates the population is 72% Indo-Aryan, 25% Dravidian, and 3% Mongoloid or other ("India Population 2015"). Eighty percent of the population speaks Hinduism while 13% of the population practice Islam religion (second-largest). Other religious groups include Christian, Sikhs, Buddhists and Jains ("India Population 2015"). While India has twenty-eight states, Uttar Pradesh is the largest with 199,581,520 people. Two other states have more than 100 million people – Maharasta (pop: 112.4 million) and Bihar (pop: 103.8 million). The smallest is Sikkim (pop: 607,688). ("India Population 2015"). As of 2015: ("India Population 2015") Population of India 1,309,201,909 Births Per Day 343,305 Median Age 26.94 Years Life Expectancy (Male) 65.76 Years Life Expectancy (Female) 69.33 Years India is a poor country with most of its population living in villages. Depending on the type of work, the individual may make more than the average person. India does not have dollars, they use rupees. Today, the US $1 is equal to 66 rupees in India. Most individuals make anywhere from $150 to $300 (USD) a month to live on. Poor education may contribute to the low pay as keeping children in school through graduation is still an issue and dropout rates continue to be high. Nationally 29 percent of children drop out before completing five years of primary school, and 43 percent before...
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...India, the second most populated country in the world is an extremely diverse, multi lingual and culturally pluralistic nation. It comprises of various religions, cultures, cultures within cultures and people from different strata of society living together. However, India has had an unstable colonial past and it is still growing and developing economically, socially, politically and culturally. Currently, it is faced with poverty, illiteracy, and infant mortality, underdevelopment, overpopulation and corruption. In spite of that, India is one of the world’s fastest growing economies and is finding its place on the Global stage. Demography plays a vital role in determining a country’s stand in terms of economic, social and cultural development. Currently, the major theme in Indian demography is its transition. In my paper, I will discuss India’s demography and analyze the various reasons for why it is such. I will also talk about the consequent implications the current demographic characteristics have on Indian society. India gained its independence from the British Empire on 15th August, 1947. What followed immediately after independence was the beginning of a tragic, violent and turbulent phase in India’s history. India was partitioned into two nation states – India and Pakistan. There were mass migrations, voluntary and involuntary, from one country to another. It was one of the largest migrations to be recorded in human history. An estimated 14.5 million people...
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...well-known fact that the world, overall, has an ageing population. This is especially true when looking at the population of India. From 1950 to 2010, India’s population aged 60 and older has risen from 5% to 7.5% (Bloom, Mahal, Rosenberg, and Sevilla, 2010, p. 60). Considering India’s life expectancy for both men and women in 2014 was less than 70 years (Saharan, 2014, p. 261), the fact that the population aged 60 and over has increased by 2.5% in 60 years is extremely influential to the economy. There is little governmental support for these elderly citizens, which leaves the burden of supporting them financially to their younger family members. In many cases, elderly citizens no longer live with their families, or their families do not earn enough to financially support the elderly person’s needs, and therefore the elderly citizens, and often their families as well, slip into poverty. In order for India’s economy to continue growing, policies in India must be changed to account for the increasing life expectancy and the increased number of elderly citizens. Before we can examine the economy and the required policy changes, we must look at the population of India. In India, there is currently a falling fertility rate and an increasing life expectancy (Bloom et al., 2010, p. 61). This means that less children are being born, but people can expect to live longer. Looking at Figure 1, we can see that in 2010, the population was largest in the 0-14 age range for both genders....
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...Overpopulation in India, Causes, consequences, solutions Felipe Benjumea Juan Casares EAS Overpopulation occurs when the number of people living in an area exceeds the limit the area is capable of having. In other words the relationship between the human population and its local environment is unbalanced. This is problematic because as individuals, we rely on a local area for subsistence; therefore, we are limited by the productivity of a given area. If productivity does not meet our demands, nature will be in charge of balancing the scale. However, we as humans are animals of reason. Therefore we are capable, through technology and culture, of living in an area that should, in theory, be unable to support us. And what makes it worst is the fact that, regardless of political (countries) and geographical barriers, we all share a common home called mother earth. Therefore overpopulation affects the individual area suffering from it, and, because of globalization, the rest of the world. However, the countries most affected by extreme population are of course the countries suffering from it. In our world there are many countries, principally, Asian countries that reside under this “deplorable” conditions of overpopulation. To understand overpopulation, it is necessary to analyze the underlying reasons behind it, the consequences of it, and most importantly the solutions for it. Like mentioned above, culturally and geographically, Asian countries are more prone to suffer...
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...Human Population Growth Concerns about Human Population Growth Population growth in India has grown significantly. According to Nova, “ In 1953, India was the first country in the world to launch a mass media campaign to spread the concept of family planning in response to population growth.” This step was aimed at an attempt to control and make the population understand the importance of not over populating as there was a significant rise in the population. Relationship between Population Growth and Environmental Impact As the population grows more and more, it impacts the environment with pollution such as garbage, waste and gases, the over use of resources, the constant use of farm land which takes nutrient out the soil, polluted water. These factors make the people of India prone to many diseases and sometimes fatality occurs as these factors are a result of population growth. How the human population is changing The human population in India is dramatically changing. According to About.Geography.com, “With 1.21 billion people, India is currently the world’s second largest country… Experts expect India to surpass the population of China, currently the most populous country in the world, by 2010.” So from this information, we can see that the human population is greatly increasing in India and over populating is and will pose very serious repercussions. How the society develops as the human population growth increases With a huge population, the society...
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...E A R C H I N S T I T U TE China and India The Asian Giants Are Heading Down Different Demographic Paths RAND ReseARch AReAs ChiLDREN AND FAMiLiES EDUCAtiON AND thE ARtS ENERgy AND ENviRONMENt hEALth AND hEALth CARE iNFRAStRUCtURE AND tRANSPORtAtiON iNtERNAtiONAL AFFAiRS LAW AND BUSiNESS NAtiONAL SECURity POPULAtiON AND AgiNg PUBLiC SAFEty SCiENCE AND tEChNOLOgy tERRORiSM AND hOMELAND SECURity C hina and India, the world’s most populous nations, have much in common: Each has more than 1 billion residents; each has sustained an annual gross domestic product (GDP) growth rate over the past decade that is among the world’s highest—9 percent for China and 7 percent for India; and each has been among the world’s most successful in weathering the storm of the recent global recession. Yet a closer look reveals stark demographic contrasts between the two nations that will become more pronounced in the coming decades. These differences hold implications for China’s and India’s relative economic prospects and point to sharply different challenges ahead for each nation to sustain and build on recent economic growth. Abstract Demographic contrasts between china and India will become more pronounced in the coming decades, and these differences hold implications for the countries’ relative economic prospects. china’s population is larger than India’s, but India’s population is expected to surpass china’s by 2025. china’s population is older than India’s and beginning to ...
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...India’s population for the year 2011 has been marked as 1.21 billion. A huge one when compared to the other countries, except China, for sure. It has around 17.31% of the total world population and it wouldn’t surprise me if one out of every six person in the world is- an Indian. And if one ponders to the question- “what India is doing to stop it?” Then the answer is nothing but make the best use of it, or in other terms capitalising on its demographic advantage. The concern about the size of India’s population has been shown by the intelligent right from the beginning of the present century but active interest in the study of population became pronounced only with the launch of planning for economic and social development after independence. The First Five Year Plan, from the year 1951-56 duly recognized population as an important parameter which requires careful consideration i9n the planning of country’s development. It has been credited to the never-ending poverty, floating illiteracy and falling mortality rate. Though the overtly-populous country has been in the news continuously for a decade now, but it’s all for the right reasons, and especially for how it is taking on its economy to a higher level. India has more than 50% of its population under the age of 25, and around 65% of its population under the age of 35. With a whopping population growth rate, India will soon topple China, by the end of 2030. Since its Independence, India has grown almost...
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...Trends, Policy Influences, and Economic Effects in China and India Through 2025 JULIE DAVANZO, HARUN DOGO, AND CLIFFORD A. GRAMMICH WR-849 April 2011 This product is part of the RAND National Security Research Division working paper series. RAND working papers are intended to share researchers’ latest findings and to solicit informal peer review. They have been approved for circulation by RAND National Security Research Division but have not been formally edited or peer reviewed. Unless otherwise indicated, working papers can be quoted and cited without permission of the author, provided the source is clearly referred to as a working paper. RAND’s publications do not necessarily reflect the opinions of its research clients and sponsors. is a registered trademark. Preface In this paper we compare the recent and likely future demographic situations in China and India and their implications. This is a background paper for the chapter, “Population Trends in China and India: Demographic Dividend or Demographic Drag?. in the RAND report, China And India, 2025: A Comparative Assessment, MG-1009OSD, by Charles Wolf, Jr., Siddhartha Dalal, Julie DaVanzo, Eric V. Larson, Alisher R. Akhmedjonov, Harun Dogo, Meilinda Huang, and Silvia Montoya, and contains some of material referenced therein. The RAND report was done under the sponsorship of the Office of Net Assessment with the objective of understanding how China and India will compare to one another in 2020-2025 with regards to...
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...E A R C H I N S T I T U TE China and India The Asian Giants Are Heading Down Different Demographic Paths RAND ReseARch AReAs ChiLDREN AND FAMiLiES EDUCAtiON AND thE ARtS ENERgy AND ENviRONMENt hEALth AND hEALth CARE iNFRAStRUCtURE AND tRANSPORtAtiON iNtERNAtiONAL AFFAiRS LAW AND BUSiNESS NAtiONAL SECURity POPULAtiON AND AgiNg PUBLiC SAFEty SCiENCE AND tEChNOLOgy tERRORiSM AND hOMELAND SECURity C hina and India, the world’s most populous nations, have much in common: Each has more than 1 billion residents; each has sustained an annual gross domestic product (GDP) growth rate over the past decade that is among the world’s highest—9 percent for China and 7 percent for India; and each has been among the world’s most successful in weathering the storm of the recent global recession. Yet a closer look reveals stark demographic contrasts between the two nations that will become more pronounced in the coming decades. These differences hold implications for China’s and India’s relative economic prospects and point to sharply different challenges ahead for each nation to sustain and build on recent economic growth. Abstract Demographic contrasts between china and India will become more pronounced in the coming decades, and these differences hold implications for the countries’ relative economic prospects. china’s population is larger than India’s, but India’s population is expected to surpass china’s by 2025. china’s population is older than India’s and beginning to ...
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...DEMOGRAPHY OF AGING Working Paper Series Population Dynamics in India and Implications for Economic Growth David E. Bloom January 2011 PGDA Working Paper No. 65 http://www.hsph.harvard.edu/pgda/working.htm The views expressed in this paper are those of the author(s) and not necessarily those of the Harvard Initiative for Global Health. The Program on the Global Demography of Aging receives funding from the National Institute on Aging, Grant No. 1 P30 AG024409-06. 1 Population Dynamics in India and Implications for Economic Growth1 David E. Bloom Harvard School of Public Health January 2011 Keywords: Age structure China-India comparison Conditional convergence Demographic dividend Demographic transition Economic growth Economic growth in India Policy reform Population health Population of India Abstract Demographic change in India is opening up new economic opportunities. As in many countries, declining infant and child mortality helped to spark lower fertility, effectively resulting in a temporary baby boom. As this cohort moves into working ages, India finds itself with a potentially higher share of workers as compared with dependents. If working-age people can be productively employed, India’s economic growth stands to accelerate. Theoretical and empirical literature on the effect of demographics on labor supply, savings, and economic growth underpins this effort to understand and forecast economic growth in India. Policy choices can potentiate India’s realization...
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