...A. When comparing several perspectives of the Cold War, its understanding can be come confusing; however, with the right sources, one can provide a significant clarity to the historical event. The use of a single perspective in analyzing a historical event may leave gaps within its argument. For instance: the orthodox standpoint leaves questionable intents of the Soviet Union likewise of the revisionist view of the Cold War for the U.S. B. The use of the post-revisionist perspective will pose worthy of explaining the Cold War as an event that was an unstoppable force that developed through frustration of the Soviet’s people. The occurrence of both World Wars gave more frustration to the people as war waged on their home country and basic resources were diminished. However, the handling of the Cold War was not solely U.S. nor the USSR fault, C. The use of post-revisionist view should provide a deeper understanding of the Cold War compared to other school of thoughts that seemed to bring more...
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...Gone is the era when military force was the sole compass in a state’s quest for dominance. The Cold War world order has been lost. What has taken its place is a collision of two opposing forces both competing to materialize as the new, dominant world order. There exists now an overarching battle between the assimilating force of globalization and the emphatic differentiation of cultural identity as a reaction. This structural dissonance in global relations has elevated inherently tense inter-state relationships and cleared a path for the rise of cultural nations within and across states seeking to solidify their distinctiveness and secure a role in the order of the new world. As the United States emerged victorious from the bipolarity of the Cold War era, so came her establishment as the hegemonic state of the world. This triumph of western liberalism symbolized what Francis Fukuyama deemed “the end of history” - the end of conflicting ideologies among the states which would lead to a world of perpetual peace. Fukuyama’s thesis is based on the Renaissance and Reformation of Europe and the Enlightenment experienced by North America and Europe (Packer. 2012.) Essentially, he argues that the progression of human history as a struggle between ideologies ends after the Cold War era; that the entire world will come to accept liberal democracy as the most desirable world order. The major fault in his theory, of course, lies in the simple fact that the Renaissance, Reformation...
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...HIS 204 Week 4 DQ 2 Cold War To Buy This material Click below link http://www.uoptutors.com/his-204-ash-new/his-204-week-4-dq-2-cold-war After the Second World War, the US embarked on what came to be known as the Cold War against the Soviet Union. Although the two sides never fought against each other directly, the Cold War nonetheless erupted into violence at times in places like Vietnam, Korea, and Afghanistan. As the US grew more activist and interventionist in its foreign policy, the domestic government also grew in power and in its role in the people’s lives. Explain the origins of the Cold War and describe how different presidential administrations, from Truman to Nixon, handled Cold War affairs. Address the ways in which the presidents responded to the perceived threat of Soviet expansion, and explain how these approaches involved the US in conflicts in Vietnam and Korea. Consider, also, the ways in which the US intervened in the affairs of smaller nations such as Iran. Finally, explore how the Cold War changed America’s domestic society, focusing on issues such as the role of the government in people’s lives, the Red Scare, the return of domesticity, and growing distrust toward the federal government. Summarize your thoughts on the issues above by answering the following questions: a. Why did the Cold War start and how did it develop over its first three decades? b. What were its most important effects at home and abroad? When responding to these prompts,...
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...------------------------------------------------- THE NEW WORLD ORDER Terms by George Bush Senior Can be generally divided into three stages of transformation: * From the end of the Cold War until 9/11 * From 9/11 until the Global Financial Crisis * From the GFC to present day ------------------------------------------------- From the Cold War until 9/11 * Period from 1989 until 2011 * After a stagnant period, the 1990s turned into a decade of economic growth * Globalization saw a technological revolution * Number of states increased at the UN 1989: End of power politics * End of Bipolarity – The Cold War was marked as an era of bipolarity in which the US-inspired capitalist system ‘played off’ against the Soviet-inspired ‘state socialism’. * NATO vs WARSAW PACT; US dollar system played off by COMECON * Move towards Perestroika effectively killed off competition – leading to a reduction of ideological contestation End of Ideology/ Victory of Capitalism? * Belief that capitalism ‘triumphed’ over socialism – greater expansion of capitalist norms. * TINA syndrome. With the exception of a few ‘rogue’ states, most have realized its best to ‘play’ the game and embraced market values. * Led to: * 1. The ‘Retreat of the State’ argument * 2. The ‘End of History thesis’ Post-Cold War Triumphantism * Led to the liberalization moves in the 1990s and the renewal of International Organizations * Increase in collective forms of Security ...
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...James Bennett Professor George J. Prokopiak HIS-114-OL010 Written Assignment 5 16 February 2015 Vietnam War and a New World Order with the End of Cold War Written Assignment 5 Question #1: As far as Vietnam is concerned, how did President Johnson "Americanize" the war? What was Nixon's policy of Vietnamization? Was anything achieved at the peace talks? What are the legacies of the Vietnam defeat? President Johnson “Americanized” the Vietnam War by many different avenues of approach taking a more aggressive posture. The president first started by supplying the South Vietnamese army with American military and economic assistance (Roark, 976-981). He significantly increased the American troop presence from 16,000 in 1964 to over 553,000 by 1969 displaying a much larger American presence (Roark, 976-981). America had stepped up bombing throughout Vietnam and neighboring countries (Roark, 976-981). In hopes of getting the backing of the American people and government, he strategically thought out who and where the bombs would be dropped (Roark, p. 980-981). He did not bomb near the northern border of Vietnam (Roark, p. 980-981). President Johnson did not want to provoke China or the Soviet Union into the war (Roark, p. 980-981). He did not want to make the same mistakes as Korea with the Chinese. He also thought about collateral damage. He tried to focus the bombings to low populated areas to minimize civilian casualties (Roark, p. 980-981). The bombing campaign was known...
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...in Peace and Conflict > The Cold War 1945-1991 > Overview of US-Soviet relations and the Cold War The Cold War 1945-1991 Overview of US-Soviet relations and the Cold War David Mclean Charles Sturt University Principal Focus: Students investigate key features and issues in the history of the Cold War 1945 - 1991 Outcomes Students: H1.1 describe the role of key features, issues, individuals, groups and events of select twentieth-century studies (Extract from Modern History Stage 6 Syllabus Board of Studies NSW 2004.) Key features and issues: • origins and development of the Cold War • influence of ideologies on the Cold War • impact of crises on changing superpower relations • the arms race • reasons for the end of the Cold War This is the transcript of a talk given at a seminar co-sponsored by the History Teachers’ Association of New South Wales and the US Information Service in Sydney on 2 September 1995. From this tutorial you will learn about: • influence of ideologies that led resulted in the division of the world into two opposed camps from 1945 • emerging differences between the superpowers Contents 1. US – Soviet relations were not synonymous with the Cold War 2. Chronology of the Cold War 3. Influence of ideologies of communism and capitalism on the Cold War 4. Soviet Objectives 5. American objectives 6. The Arms Race 7. The Third World was important for the Cold War 8. Why did the Cold War not end earlier? 9. Did the...
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...causes of the world wars? World War one have seven causes; the Franco-Prussian war, the alliance systems, the Balkan Powder Keg, imperialism, Nationalism, Arms Race, the Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand occurred. The Assassination of the Archduke, top off world war one, once he was killed, the people were looking for reason to start a war, so they did. World War two also had several causes, such as; nationalistic tensions, unresolved issues, and disapproving result from World War I and the interwar period in Europe, and all these causes were in addition to the Great Depression in the 1930s. What role did nationalism play in the world wars? Nationalism played a major role in World War 1 as well as World War 2. During both of the wars, Germany was involved in both wars. Germany had such a strong patriotism that they felt they would do whatever they had to keep it that way. How are imperialism and colonialism related to the world wars? Imperialism and colonialism related to the world wars because during the wars, the smaller nation were being bullied by the German government and were basically force to do things the German way What was the role of industrialization in the world wars? Basically during the wars, factories were built so they can make weapon for wars better and faster. How do the Enlightenment ideals of liberty and equality relate to the world wars? The enlightenment ideas of liberty can be related to the world wars, because during this...
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...McKibben, David A. International Politics, ODU 07 Dec 2015 What Started the Cold War? The Cold War had a profound effect on American policy and international politics, which still holds true today. There are many reasons as to what may have started the Cold war as it existed between the United States of America and Russia; however, there were major events that contributed the bulk of the impetus behind the stalemate between the two superpowers for nearly fifty years. The origins of the Cold War can be traced all the way back to the failed League of Nations in the post-World War I atmosphere. The League of Nations lack of capability to martially enforce the restructuring of Europe after the war, as well as its cold shoulder to the disheveled state of Eastern Europe was the ultimate catalyst to the start of the Cold War. The League of Nations was primarily an intergovernmental organization composed of the Allied powers after World War I, founded January 10, 1920 (Wikipedia 2015). The main objective behind the League was to restructure Europe after World War I in an attempt to create a more stable world climate. Ideals such as cooperation among the world powers when it came to economics and territorial disputes were among the foremost concern of the League. The League of Nations ultimately proved to be unsuccessful in its attempt to create a more stable political climate, as many of the partnering nations were hesitant to comply with the regulations and sanctions set forth...
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...Contributions of the U.S. and the U.S.S.R. to the Cold War Student’s Name Course Institution Instructor Date Contributions of the U.S. and the U.S.S.R. to the Cold War Through an analysis of the Soviet Union’s perspective of communist-based system, the United States technological advance in manufacture of atomic bombs and missiles to bring the rest of the world to their knees, and post war estrangement of the Eastern European nations by the Soviets; this paper argues that cold war was totally inevitable. Cold war refers to an era of competition, tension and conflict only without real war, between the East and the West; associated with mutual percept of ill intentions between military-political coalitions. In the year 1945, the Soviet Union and the United States had forged great friendship due to their joint efforts to triumph over Nazi regime in the Second World War. The outstanding political, economic and ideological divergence of these two nations frequently barred them from arriving at a consensus on major policy issues as some almost brought them to the verge of war. ("The Soviet Union and the United States - Revelations from the Russian Archives | Exhibitions - Library of Congress", 2016) Initially, the government of United States was unfriendly to the Soviet Union rulers for withdrawing Russia out of the First World War and was against their communism-based ideology. United States government later was offering relief program to the famine in the Soviet Union around...
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...How far do you agree that neither the U.S. nor the USSR intended to cause the Cold War? Historians have many different viewpoints of who is responsible for the Cold War. The post revisionist group is integrated by the ones who support the fact that neither the U.S nor the USSR was responsible. Meanwhile, countering this argument there are two more groups, the first one is called the Orthodox view who blame the USSR and the second one is the Revisionist view who blame the U.S. The historical position known as the Orthodox places the responsibility for the Cold War on the Soviet Union and its expansion into Eastern Europe. Their main argument is based on Soviet expansionism; they said Stalin had an aggressive policy towards Eastern Europe. For example, the Salami tactics were a way of expanding and securing communist control over Easter Europe by initially establishing a broad alliance of anti-fascists with Moscow as the Central government. Moreover, the most important event which confirmed this aggressive policy of the Soviet Union towards expanding and securing control over East Europe is the Berlin Blockade, were Stalin ordered the cut of railways, roads and canal access to the sectors of Berlin under Allied control. His aim was to force the western powers to allow the Soviet zone to supply Berlin, thereby giving the Soviets practical control over the entire city. Furthermore, the Kennan telegram warned the U.S of the Soviet expansionists ideas and that they fed communism...
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...To what extent was the Cold War a result of World War II? Often, the Cold War is said to have been a result of World War 2, but the question arises of whether there would have been an inevitable confrontation between the USSR and the US without the Second World War. World War II ended with the US and the USSR as the only remaining world superpowers. The ravaged post WWII Europe provided perfect conditions for imperialism by other countries; the war created two superpowers with polarizing ideals. Due to the defeat of Nazi Germany and the concern over post-war settlements, their alliance broke and the ideals of communism and capitalism turned on each other in an effort to control the influence in Europe. The arguments pertaining to the Cold War being the cause of the Second World War has been going on for a long time and historians can’t seem to agree one perspective. The cold war was, to a certain extent, the result of the Second World War. World War II saw the union of the western democracies and the USSR due to the desire to defeat a common enemy: fascism and Germany. Once the war was over, this interdependency ended as well, and the result was two victorious superpowers with totally different ideologies. The defeat of fascism meant the ideologies of capitalism and communism were left to clash. The US used the atomic bomb on Japan without informing her ally, the USSR. Not only was this lack of contact a problem, but it also marked the start of a deadly new arms race...
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...increasingly strained as they struggled to reach agreement on the shape of post-war Europe. By 1945, the United States and the Soviet Union had begun to emerge as ideologically opposed 'superpowers', each wanting to exert their influence in the post-war world. Germany became a focus of Cold War politics and as divisions between East and West became more pronounced, so too did the division of Germany. In 1949, Germany formally split into two independent nations: the Federal Republic of Germany (FDR or West Germany), allied to the Western democracies, and the German Democratic Republic (GDR or East Germany), allied to the Soviet Union. In 1952, the East German government closed the border with West Germany, but the border between East and West Berlin remained open. East Germans could still escape through the city to the less oppressive and more affluent West. This photograph shows British Prime Minister Winston Churchill, American President Harry Truman and Soviet leader Joseph Stalin at the Potsdam Conference on 23 July 1945. The relationship between the former wartime Allies, although tense from as early as 1942, became increasingly strained as they struggled to reach agreement on the shape of post-war Europe. By 1945, the United States and the Soviet Union had begun to emerge as ideologically opposed 'superpowers', each wanting to exert their influence in the post-war world. Germany became a focus of Cold War politics and as divisions between East and West became more pronounced...
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...Development of the Cold War, in the five years between 1945 and 1950, could be argued as taking place for a number of reasons and due to various individuals. It could be easy to simply site Stalin as the main reason responsible for it’s outbreak and growth, clear through his approach on communist expansion, use of Red Army and inability to uphold agreements. However for a war of any kind to develop there is always more than one party involved and the USA and it’s president Truman could also be said to have contributed to the developing of Cold War, arguably being equally aggressive as Stalin – taking an Iron fist on dealings with Russia through policies such as the Truman Doctrine and the Marshall Plan, as well as his direction over the US involvement in the Korean War. However issues such as Britain and Churchill’s Iron Curtain Speech, as well as the birth of McCarthyism in America, can also be seen as hindering relations between the two superpowers of the Cold War and therefore playing a role in it’s development. Whether Stalin was to blame for the Cold War can also be judged and evaluated through the use of sources, offering a number of interpretations, from extreme Orthodox and Revisionist views to the more diplomatic reasonings of the post revisionist stance. It is correct to say that development of the Cold War, between 1945 and 50, was definitely impacted and heightened through provocative, and at times, aggressive actions on foreign policy, taken by Stalin. An example...
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...As the first atomic bomb dropped over Hiroshima on the 6th August 1945, 100 000 Japanese civilians lost their lives in a single blinding flash. In that moment, the world entered a new era. Morality was compromised, human lives lost their value and entire social paradigms were shifted to accommodate the irrationality and gross inhumanity that was prevalent in World War II. In response to the shifting values of the post-WWII period, Cold War literature is characterized by an intensified questioning of the nature of humanity, human beliefs and values and is imbued with a sense of uncertainty and anxiety. Joseph Heller’s 1961 satirical war novel, Catch-22 and Samuel Beckett’s 1956 absurdist play Waiting for Godot all encapsulate the post-war zeitgeist...
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...The Cold War and Consumer Culture: 1945-1961 William (Mike) Nufer HIS/145 The American Experience Since 1945 January 12, 2012 Jason Rodarte University of Phoenix The Cold War and Consumer Culture: 1945-1961 In week one of this class it is asked of all students to write a paper on the Cold War and consumer culture. In this paper it will analyze the causes of the cold war, show Cold War policies and show international relations of the late 1940’s though the mid-1950’s. It will also show how anti-communism and McCarthyism impacted the United States. It will also explain how following World War II Affluent Society was developed.. and finally evaluate culture while Eisenhower was president. The Breakdown of Wartime Alliances: One vision of the post war world was the beginning of the Atlantic Charter, the Atlantic Charter is one where nations would dismiss there traditional views in how they run their military, and how they will govern their relations with one another, using democratic processes. This is only one of the visions that appealed to Present Roosevelt. The Yalta Conference did not settle any of the main topics of the post war events, and seemed to sidestep the most important issues. Upon leaving the Yalta conference Roosevelt, Churchill, and Stalin all thought they had signed an important agreement. The Americans understanding of the agreement strongly differed from the Soviet. The agents of 50 countries had a meeting in San Francisco in 1945...
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