...|[pic] |Syllabus | | |College of Criminal Justice SSecurity Security | | |CJS/220 Version 4 | | |The Court System | Copyright © 2011, 2009, 2007 by University of Phoenix. All rights reserved. Course Description This course is an introduction and overview of the legal system, the participants, the courtroom process, and post-conviction process of the court system. It demonstrates the connections among participants and how they relate to each other. Additionally, the course covers the history of the court system and the different types of court at the state and federal levels. Policies Faculty and students/learners will be held responsible for understanding and adhering to all policies contained within the following two documents: • University policies: You must be logged into the student website to view this document. • Instructor policies: This document is posted in the Course Materials forum. University policies are subject to change. Be sure to read the policies at the beginning of each class. Policies may be slightly different depending on the...
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...Post-Conviction DNA Policy in Criminal Investigations In most legal systems around the world, the courts have convicted many innocent people due to their legal procedure and laws. Wrongful conviction refers to a miscarriage of justice by convicting or punishing individuals for crimes they did not commit. Similarly, the application of the term may be useful in another direction; civil cases and errors of impunity. Many criminal justice systems have set ways to quash or overturn, a wrongful conviction. However, it is difficult for the criminal justice systems to overturn the decisions of wrongful convictions. In certain instances, overturning a wrongful conviction may take several years, or until the courts have already convicted the innocent person or the person has died. This paper examines the causes of wrongful convictions and focuses on the DNA exoneration policy. Causes of Wrongful Convictions The first clinic to work on non-DNA exonerations was the Michigan Innocence Clinic. It revealed particular circumstances that people have always deemed as the wrongful conviction. The scenarios reveal that the criminal justice needs amendments and change how the Michigan Innocence clinic should deal with the system’s trends. The following are among the causes of wrongful convictions: Eyewitness Misidentification: sometimes the eyewitnesses could misidentify a person and cause wrongful conviction on the...
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...For office use only CANDIDATE NUMBER APPLICATION FOR AN ACADEMIC POST Application for the post of: Ref: Please complete this form in type or in black ink. If there is insufficient space for your information continue on a separate sheet of paper. YOUR DETAILS Surname: Forename(s): Title: Address: Postcode: Home Telephone: Work Telephone: Mobile: Email: When is the best time to contact you? REFERENCES Name, postal address, email address and position of three persons, including your existing or last employer, to whom reference may be made in support of your application concerning your professional ability and performance at work. Please indicate if we can take up references immediately. Refs 1. Name: Relationship No Address: Tel No: 2. Name: Email: Refs No Relationship Address: Tel No: 3. Name: Email: Refs No Relationship Address: Tel No: ACADEMIC APPLICATION Can we contact you at work? No Email: DECLARATION I confirm that the information provided is true and correct, and understand that providing false or misleading information will disqualify me from appointment, or if appointed, could lead to termination of appointment. Additionally, I understand that if I am applying for a post within the Brighton and Sussex Medical School (a joint venture between the Universities of Brighton and Sussex with the involvement of local NHS trusts) it may be necessary for the information I have supplied to be shared with these other organisations. Under the terms of the Data...
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...Punishment Philosophy Paper Amanda Robertson CJS/220 1/19/14 Mrs. Kathy Holder Punishment Philosophy Paper Punishment philosophy has been studied for centuries for it plays a huge factor in criminal justice and the reform of the offenders when entering back into society. Obviously there are many different forms of punishment that an offender can face after being convicted off a crime. The punishment philosophy studies areas of incarceration rehabilitation, and whether or not these punishments hold any type of deterrence from committing crimes again. Punishment philosophy and its effects on the post-conviction process There are specific types of punishment which are deterrence, incapacitation, rehabilitation, and retribution. Deterrence is largely used throughout the community and has effects on offenders by deterring them to not re-commit a crime out of fear of facing the same consequence. It also affects the community for when people hear of the punishments one may face for committing a crime, or when a judge makes an example out of a criminal by giving the max penalty, it can deter the community from committing such a crime. Incapacitation is when offenders commit a crime and are then are incarcerated in prison, losing their freedom, their rights, and many then having a criminal record which will in many cases unless pardoned or expunged follow them for life. Rehabilitation is used as a way to in other words give the...
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...read the guidance notes before completing this form. The form should be PRINTED/TYPED or written in BLACK ink or ball point pen for photocopying. CVs and/or emails will not be accepted. Canvassing will disqualify applications. If you have a disability which makes it difficult for you to complete the application form, please contact the Human Resources Department who will endeavour to make alternative arrangements for you. VACANCY DETAILS Job Title: Ref: Location: Local Deliver Unit/Division: PERSONAL DETAILS (BLOCK CAPITALS PLEASE) Forename(s): Surname: Previously known as: Preferred title (Dr/Mr/Miss/Mrs/Ms): Address: Post Code: National Insurance Number (NI): / / / / Home telephone number: Mobile telephone number: Email address: Current full driving licence: Yes 0 No 0 Number of years held: JOB SHARE All jobs are open to job sharing unless indicated otherwise. Do you wish to share this job? Yes 0 No 0 If yes, what are your preferred hours? (please specify) Job Sharing is when two people divide the hours and duties of one full-time job. Patterns are normally Mon, Tues, Wed (am) or Wed (pm), Thurs, Fri, or all mornings or all afternoons. They receive the pay and benefits to the hours...
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...There have been over 300 post-conviction DNA exonerations in the history of the United States. Although the number is high, there are still many more wrongfully convicted people who’s still incarcerated and have yet to be considered for retrial. Unaddressed wrongful conviction cases show the weaknesses in the U.S. justice system. This paper will touch on the causes that lead to wrongful convictions and discuss possible solutions. The main factors of wrongful convictions are eyewitness misidentification, misleading/unreliable forensics, false confessions (coerced/intimidated), witness perjury, prosecutorial misconduct, insufficient lawyering, racism and implicit bias. Since the first DNA exoneration conviction in the United States case that...
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...Victims’ Rights Jessie Turner, Jr. CJA 394 January 19, 2016 Kristi Garcia Introduction Victims’ Rights in America are a significant entitlement for people who become victims of wrongdoing. In this paper victims’ rights of Louisiana will be the topic of discussion in identifying the existence of victim rights laws within the state. The discussion will also talk about the impact of victims’ rights laws on state criminal proceedings. The last discussion for this paper will compare and contrast Louisiana victims’ rights laws to those in the federal criminal justice system. The ultimate take away from this paper will be the significant improvements toward victims’ needs. Victims’ Rights Since the implementation of victims’ rights laws there has been major improvements toward the needs of victims overall. In the beginning the focus was on the rights for individuals who had access to resources to fight being a victim. Today the rights center on all victims no matter the background, to ensure they are heard and not ignored. The rigths have also made very important movements to ensure that victims’ rights aren’t violated eliminated the notion that victims don’t matter. This is one reason why we have federal and state laws enforcing the need to help victims of wrongdoing. The 2004 Crime Victims’ Right Act (CRVA) has been successful in various ways of an established set of rights known as standing. Those rights were known as the third wave of enforcing victims’ rights in federal...
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...| Marijuana Legalization: Why Marijuana Should be Legalized in All Fifty States English 102 Final Paper Table of Contents I. Introduction …………………………………………………………………………… 1 II. Is Marijuana a “Gateway Drug?” ……………………………………………………... 2 III. Arguments against Legalization ………………………………………………………. 3 VI. Recent Legalization Efforts …………………………………………………………… 4 V. Medicinal Uses of Marijuana …………………………………………………………. 5 VI. Economic Arguments Against Criminalization ………………………………………. 7 VII. Marijuana Cultivation and DTO ……………………………………………………... 8 VIII. From Decriminalization to Legalization …………………………………………… 8 IX. Conclusion …………………………………………………………………………… 10 Marijuana Legalization: Why Marijuana Should be Legalized in All Fifty States I. Introduction The issue of marijuana legalization in the United States is a charged one that brings forth supporters and opponents arguments alike. According to the Federal Bureau of Investigations (FBI) Uniform Crime Reports, one marijuana-related arrest occurs every forty-two seconds in the United States. The government conducted over 1.53 million drug-related arrests in 2011, 90% for possession alone, and nearly 50% due to marijuana (FBI Uniform Crime Report). State governments are currently responding to shifts in public opinion, especially given the recent legalizations that passed in Colorado and Washington. According to Gallup Polls, more Americans supported the legalization of marijuana than not in 2011 (50% vs. 46%)...
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...Ethics for Prosecutors and Defense Attorneys Phillip C. Moore U.S. Courts Professor Shenia C. Kirkland, Esq. January 29, 2013 Ethics has been defined in many ways, but one true definition remains elusive when attempting to obtain a clear and concise meaning of ethics. For this paper, ethics will be defined as rules of conduct in regard to specific actions as administered by a particular group of people; i.e. medical or Christian ethics (Webster, 2012). The purpose of this paper is to address two cases in which the prosecutor and defense attorney violated the Attorney Professional Code of Conduct. This paper will summarize the facts of the case and detail the duties of either the prosecutor or defense attorney; determine which duties were breached and what should have happened to bring them in compliance; and will deduce both the personal and professional ramifications of their actions. The first case to be discussed will be one that the Innocence Project appealed on behalf of Ralph Armstrong in Dane County Wisconsin. Ralph was convicted of the rape and murder of college student Charise Kamps in 1981. For the duration of his twenty eight year incarceration, Ralph maintained he was innocent. An internet search of the trial proceedings and how the jury reached their verdict of guilty in the original trial proved to be a dead end. However, the Innocence Project website and several news agencies provided the information on how the prosecutorial misconduct...
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...maintaining confidentiality. CJS 220 Capstone Capstone Discussion Question Post your response to the following: This course has taught the law as a “living body.” How do personalities, actions, trends, political correctness, and the moral aptitudes or ineptitudes of society influence the creation of governing laws? Do you think laws are a reflection of society or society is a reflection of laws? Explain your answers. CJS 220 Due Process Write a 200- to 300-word response describing the concept of due process, including how it applies to the criminal justice system. CJS 220 Final Write a 700-to 1,050-word paper in which you describe the appeals process. Address the following: · What is an appeal? · How do appeals factor into the overall criminal procedures and processes? · How can we improve the appeals process? Include at least one example of a real-world case that went through the appeals process. Explain why this appeal did or did not succeed. Format your paper and resource consistent with APA guidelines. CJS 220 Final 1 In this file of CJS 220 Final 1 you will find the next information: Write a 1500-1700 words paper on Fiction Versus Reality. CJS 220 Final 2 In this document of CJS 220 Final 2 you will find the next information: Write a 1050-1500 words paper on Fiction Versus Reality. CJS 220 Law Opinion...
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... This was the first arson case to go to the Supreme Court. Only a few defense attorneys read the case briefs which made the fire investigator’s job easier. Before this decision search warrant at a fire was unheard of. Loren Tyler and Robert Tompkins leased a furniture store, Tyler’s Action, in Oakland County, Michigan. On January 21st, 1970 the fire occurred before midnight. The fire department extinguished the fire and found two jugs containing flammable liquid. The arguments of the state was questions of when and to what extent of warrant is to be mandatory for post fire and by analogy other post disaster investigations and of which evidence is admissible against in particular arsonists who burn their own buildings. The case arises as out of facts which were the most part are typical of any arson for profit case with two small exceptions. In relating the facts and in attempting to justify, a warrant was post fire searches in general as well as the searches which occurred in particular in this case. Testimony of Oscar Frisch, a former employee of the respondents will prove that he helped move valuable items from the store and old furniture into the store a few days before the fire. He also related that the respondents had told him there would be a fire on January 21, and had instructed him to place mattresses on top of other objects so that they would burn better (U.S. Supreme Media 2013). The defense argued the entries in this case were without proper consent and were...
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...Witness Misidentification Freddricka Harris CCJ 4360-001 Monekka Munroe Misidentification can be defined as making a falsely or inaccurate identification. Witness can be defined as one who can give a firsthand account of something seen, heard, or experienced. (American Heritage Dictionary) When you put these two words together, you get witness misidentification which has been referred to as the single greatest cause of wrongful convictions nationwide, with nearly 75% of the convictions overturned through DNA testing. There have been 260 exonerations across the country based on forensic DNA testing with 3 out of 4 involving cases of eyewitness misidentification. (Innocence Project 1999) In 1907 or 1908, Hugo Munsterberg published “On the Witness Stand”; he questioned the reliability of eyewitness identification. As recent as 30 or 40 years ago, the Supreme Court acknowledged that eyewitness identification is problematic and can lead to wrongful convictions. The Supreme Court instructed lower courts to determine the validity of eyewitness testimony based on irrelevant factors, like the certainty of the witness, the certainty you express in court during the trial has nothing to do with how certain you feel two days after the event when you pick a photograph out of a set or pick the suspect out of a lineup. It has been said that you become more certain over time. (The Confidential Resource September 15, 2010) An eyewitness viewing a simultaneous lineup...
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...Plea Bargaining Paper Daniel Herrera CJA/224 Introduction to Criminal Courts Dr. Beverly Spencer 9/1/2014 Plea Bargaining Paper Plea bargaining is one of the most important pieces of criminal court proceedings that can occur. Plea bargaining is that chance in which a defendant can choose to not be punished or charged as harshly as they should be. Plea bargaining is a very common thing used within the courthouse and even though it can be good for an individual it can also be bad if not completely understood. The thing with a plea bargain is that at any time a judge can overthrow a bargain and still send the case through strenuous court hours. Plea bargaining is however very important because over ninety percent of all criminal cases are built and completed due to plea bargaining. Plea bargaining can be defined as an agreement between a prosecutor and a defendant whereby the defendant is allowed to plead guilty to a lesser charge rather than risk conviction for a graver crime in order to avoid a protracted trial or to win the defendant’s cooperation as a witness (“Plea Bargaining”, 2014). Now a plea bargain can mean everything to nothing towards a case. The prosecution would use these types of bargains for leverage against the defendant. What is meant by this is that the defendant can be offered to give a testimony of the events which can eventually lead into a charge and conviction into a higher profiled case. This is the case most of the time; usually the prosecution...
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...Forensics History Theresia L. Coates Criminal Justice 1010 Forensics History What does Forensics mean? How old is forensic science? When it was first applied to the law? How has the Forensic science changed the arrest and prosecution success of criminals? The term "forensic" comes from the Latin and means, simply, having to do with the law. How has Forensics evolved from the beginning until today? Let us delve into the history of forensics and its blossoming partnership with the law. Surprisingly, Forensic Science has been around and used in criminal investigations in some manner since before the Roman Empire making it centuries old. It has only been within the last century that law enforcement agencies and the court systems have come to rely so heavily on the use of scientific practices in crime scene investigations.1 The first application of forensic science was by the Roman physician Antistius in the year 44 B.C., whom examined the body of Julius Caesar. He determined even though the dictator was stabbed 23 times, only one wound through his chest caused his actual death. This autopsy is thought to be the first one recorded and the start of using forensic science. Here in the Greek and Roman society extensive knowledge was developed regarding the production, use and symptoms of various poisons, making it possible to identify their use in previously undetected murders. Thanks to these western civilizations advances in the medical field as well as pharmacology were...
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...14. Tomlin, Charles • Date of Conviction: 1979 • Date of Exoneration: 1994 • Summary of the Case: On the night of 12/7/1978, Daniel Stewart, a 25-year-old drug dealer was fatally shot and robbed of nine pounds of marijuana worth $5,000 in an alley in Bakersfield, California. Stewart’s girlfriend, Leticia Mendez, 24, was sitting next to Stewart when he was shot in the face. Mendez told Bakersfield police that the gunman was a stocky black man, about 5 feet, 6 inches to 5 feet, 8 inches tall with a mustache and a medium Afro hairdo. At first she said the gunman was a hitchhiker. After she was granted immunity for the marijuana transaction, Mendez said that Stewart had brokered a meeting with the gunman through a teenager named “Charlie.” Mendez looked through high school yearbooks and identified Charles Tillman as...
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