...A3 OLAGOKE-ERINOMO DOC. POST PARTUM DEPRESSION: THE NURSING ROLE 1.0 INTRODUCTION Post-partum depression is a common complication of pregnancy; as many as one in five women in British Columbia will experience significant depression in relation to her pregnancy and childbirth (BC Reproductive Mental Health Program, 2006) Perinatal depression – which occurs from the time of conception to one year after childbirth – is a significant health issue. The research literature indicates that ten to twenty percent of women are affected by perinatal depression while BC data indicate that twelve percent of women between nine months prenatal and nine months postnatal receive physician services for depression (BC Reproductive Mental Health Program, 2006). Postpartum depression is used loosely to refer to a collection of emotional symptoms associated with pregnancy and childbirth. It can be conceptualized as a continuum with symptoms worsening over time in some women (Clemmens, Driscoll, & Beck, 2004 as cited in Bowles B, Coleman N, & Jansen L, 2011). There are three levels of severity: baby blues, postpartum depression, and postpartum psychosis. Baby blues are experienced as mood swings, crying spells, sadness, anxiety, or dependency (Bennett & Indman, 2003 as cited in Bowles B, et al, 2011). Other symptoms might include impatience, irritability, restlessness, or loneliness (USDHHS, 2002 as cited in Bowles B, et al 2011). These symptoms are sometimes attributed...
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...get depressed and frustrated, feeling like she had failed. Finally, she found out her dream had come true she was pregnant. She had a great and uneventful pregnancy and gave birth to a baby girl. But something was wrong because instead of being happy and relieved that her dreams came true, she could do nothing but cry. Is this normal or is this mother whose dreams have come true suffering from Post Partum Depression (PPD). Biological Component Post Partum Depression has been found to affect between 10- 12 percent of mother after the birth. PPD is different from what most of us would call “the baby blues,” which in all actuality affect around 70% of women after birth (Meyer, Chapman, & Weaver, 2009). In most instances a women who has suffered from Post Partum Depression in the past are 41% more likely to experience it again (APA, 2011). It also seems that women who go through in vitro fertilization are at a greater risk to experience Post Partum Depression (PPD) due to the hormone imbalance during treatment. Researchers are not sure of the exact causes of Post Partum Depression (PPD), but often suggest that many different factors...
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...Freud, Jung, and Hippocrates in “The Yellow Wallpaper” by Charlotte Perkins Gilman Tentative thesis: In "The Yellow Wallpaper”, the narrator suffers post-partum depression, which has been proven to be a legitimate ailment. However, the narrator's disease is made worse because her husband and brother are not aware that the narrator's condition is a medical one, thus "The Yellow Wallpaper" is to make readers aware of this illness through her various psychological issues. Freud’s Theory of “Id” o The narrator’s Id is her journal, and fixation on the wallpaper and haunted aspect of the house. She get pleasure out of this and ends up obsessing over the one aspect of her life that she gains pleasure. o Sigmund Freud said you could hallucinate...
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...When it comes to post-partum depression and psychosis Andrea Yates is one of the most infamous names known. Andrea Yates was a mother of five who went into severe depression after having her fifth child and because of her illness she was found guilty of first degree murder for drowning all five of her children in the bathtub. After court appeals the decision was reversed and she was found insane. Prior to June 2001 when she drown her five children she was treated for post-partum depression and psychosis in 1999 because the illness ran in her family. After the birth of her fifth child and the passing of her father the severe depression set in and was forced into Devereux-Texas Treatment Network (The Biography Channel website, 2013). While being treated she was given a series of psychiatric drugs for treatment. He also quickly stopped prescribing the antipsychotic Haldol, which is the medication that helped Andrea recover in 1999 ("The Atlantic", 2013). Andrea Yates started having psychological issues after she gave birth to her fourth child and she tried to commit suicide. Shortly after the birth of her fifth child she tried to commit suicide again and was hospitalized twice. Both times after trying to commit suicide she was released from the hospital while she was still ill and eventually the post-partum psychosis took over and that is when she drowned all of her children. After she drowned her children she recognized that it was a horrible thing to do and she was not in...
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...Introduction: “She was an exceptional and gifted human being. In good times and bad, she never lost her capacity to smile and laugh, to inspire others with her warmth and kindness. I admired and respected her for her energy and commitment to others, especially her devotion to her two boys” (pg. 29). This quote was taken from the speech the queen of England gave about Princess Diana after her death. Why hello, my name is Christopher Anderson and I am here to tell you about my novel “Diana’s Boys” which played tribute to the Princess and her two boys prince William and Harry. Body Part 1: Diana Frances Spencer was born on July 1st, 1961 in Sandringham, England to John Spencer and Frances Shand Kydd. She was the third child of the family. She had two brothers, Charles and John. John died a year before Diana was born. When she was born her parents did not have a name for her because they were hoping for a boy. A week later they finally decided on a name. Diana had normal commenor godparents unlike her brother Charles. Her brother’s godmother was Queen Elizabeth II. The Spencer family is one of Great Britain’s oldest and one of the most important families in England. The Spencer families have been close allies with the royal family for the past 500 years. At the age of 7, Diana’s parents got divorced after finding out about her mothers affair. Her father got remarried a couple of years later. Body Part 2: On June 29th, 1981 Diana married the Prince of...
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...The Effects of Postpartum Depression Introduction / Background Postpartum Depression is a common mood disorder that affects ten to twenty percent of women in the United States during pregnancy and after child birth. Depression is a major public health concern that impact more women than men. There are three common categories of post partum depression. The most common and less harmful form of this disorder is known as the baby blues. Onset occurs within three to four days following child birth and usually end within a few hours or three to four days. Thirty to seventy five percent of women experience baby blues. Postpartum Depression affects ten to fifteen percent of women; onset occurs within twelve months of delivery and can last from a...
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...Lady Macbeths Trials In Shakespeare’s play Macbeth supporting character Lady Macbeth has many struggles she has to overcome, throughout the story it becomes apparent she suffers from many mental disorders. The two disorders she shows examples of suffering from are post partum depression and panic disorder. She has acquired these disorders from the loss of her child and the stress of her husband’s murders. These disorders greatly affect her actions and decision making throughout the play. Despite her mental disorders one thing remains constant, her love for her husband and her willingness to do anything he needs. In the play Lady Macbeth shows many attributes of someone who suffers from panic disorder. Panic disorder is a mental illness that causes someone to experience severe random panic attacks. In the play when Macbeth kills the king Lady Macbeth suffers one of these attacks when she panics that her and her husband will be caught for murder and treason. People with panic disorder fear a recurring attack, you can tell Lady Macbeth fears an attack because she is constantly putting up a front in order to control her emotions...
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...Andrea Yates was born on July 2nd 1964 in Houston Texas. Yates was being treated for post partum depression and psychosis, but after giving birth to her fifth child she went into major depression. On the day of June 20th 2001, she drowned all five of her children in the bathtub and later found guilty to first degree murder and sentence to life in prison, later court of appeals founder her insane. Yates was being treated for these illnesses that actually ran in her family. After giving birth to her 5th and last child and the death of her father, she went into a major depression and was forced in being admitted into a psych ward. June 20th 2001, from her husband heading out to work and her mother-in-law arriving, Andrea Yates murdered all...
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...The benefits of doulas used during labor, birth, and post-partum are positive in the reduction of labor time and the postnatal recovery period. It is this paper’s purpose to explore the diverse ways in which doula care benefits expectant, laboring, and postpartum families. A doula’s calm, reassuring nature helps to remove the chaotic energies in the labor room. She is there to be a reminder of a mother’s strength as well as to ensure that the mother has all that she needs during labor. She also makes sure that the father is taken care of. Doula care is not limited to vaginal births; there is a benefit to cesarean section clients as well. The argument for and against doula care is off-balanced. On the one hand, there is a call for more doula...
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...Introduction The film titled, Interpersonal psychotherapy: A Case of Post-partum Depression was highly interesting (Stuart, 2010). It actually hit home for me. Post-partum Depression is a condition that is faced by several mothers of newborns. It is in my opinion, that Mr. Scott Stuart did a great job utilizing Rebecca’s strengths and support system to alleviate the symptoms of depression she was experiencing. Although the film did not appear to report of all the sessions that were conducted, it served as a great overview of how to conduct sessions using the Interpersonal Therapy Model. Key Points There were a number of key points provided throughout the reading. One area that I focused on included the four areas of change mechanisms. The four areas covered included: “enhancing social support, decreasing interpersonal stress, facilitating emotional processing, and improving interpersonal skills” (Lipsitz & Markowitz, 2013, p.1135). It amazed me to see how Mr. Scott Stuart utilized those change mechanisms to decrease the depressive symptoms that Rebecca was feeling. The way this was done appeared to be very natural. Another key point noted was the defining of the interpersonal problem and the category in which the problem falls. The four categories consist of grief, role transition, role...
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...Depression Shayanne Baker COM/172 05/02/2016 Jill Mountain Depression Depression is a mental illness that brings people down to a joyless state in which they do not see the positive side of any concept, it leaves them feeling lonely in a crowded room and takes any and all joy away from the things that they once loved and enjoyed. It affects many people a year and if left untreated, it could cause detrimental consequences, sometimes something as drastic as suicide. According to the website (What is Depression , 2013), almost 20 million Americans are affected yearly, “In fact, it affects so many people that it is often referred to as the "common cold" of mental illness (What is Depression , 2013)”. Although, there are many types of depression, two common ones are Major Depression and Postpartum Depression. Any type of depression can affect all areas of one’s life such as work, personal, and/or school, but there are many different symptoms that someone could have. Diagnosing mental illness can be tricky to determine which one a patient would have, however like in Major Depression, if symptoms such as, loss of interest in favorite activities, weight gain or weight loss, feeling extra tired throughout the day, loss of sleep or too sleepy, loss of energy, trouble concentrating, and thoughts of suicide last more than 2 weeks, then the depressed person is highly recommended to be seen by a medical professional as soon as possible. Postpartum depression has the symptoms of major...
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...Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder After experiencing a traumatic event, the mind horde away the memories and then send them back at unexpected times and places, even after years have passed. It does so in such a way that makes the recall just as traumatizing as the first time it happened. According to the National Institute of Mental Health, Post Traumatic Stress Disorder is the name for the acquired mental condition that follows a psychologically distressing event. The root cause of this disorder is a traumatic event which embeds itself firmly in the mind that the person may be bounded by the pain and agony of the event, experiencing it again and again as the mind stays connected with the past rather than the present, which makes it difficult to think of the future. PTSD has different effects that manifest itself in different ways in individuals such as veterans, post-partum women, and 9/11 victims. Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is an anxiety disorder that develops after a traumatic event. PTSD has also been called shell shock or battle fatigue. The exact cause of PTSD is unknown; however, it is triggered by exposure to some sort of traumatic event(s). Situations in which a person feels intense fear, helplessness, or horror are considered traumatic. PTSD has been reported in people who experienced, war, rape, sexual abuse, car accident, pregnancy, and much more. Not everyone who experiences a traumatic event will develop PTSD. People with PTSD experience symptoms...
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...postpartum depression and is prescribe the resting cure. As she is doing what her husband, an outstanding doctor, has told her to do, she becomes increasingly depressed and soon this results in her losing her insanity. As she losses her way of expressing herself and is doing what the doctor says, she is expected to conform to the doctor and the world around her. In the short story “The Yellow Wallpaper” by Gilman she illustrates women’s struggles through this story by using symbolism, theme, and irony. The wallpaper is a symbol used throughout “The Yellow Wallpaper.” The author states, “The color is repellant, almost revolting; a smoldering unclean yellow, strangely faded by the slow-turning sunlight” (649). The way this is worded can...
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...Charlotte Perkins Gilman was born in 1860 and was a prominent American social reform lecturer and writer of short stories, novels and poetry. She was an ideal feminist in a time when her achievements were exceptional for women. For this reason, she acted as a role model for future generations of feminists owing to her nonconformist concepts and lifestyle. This means she was an activist for women’s rights. She is today remembered for her semi-nonfictional short story, The Yellow Wall Paper, which she wrote after a difficult period of post-partum depression. She wrote the book in early 19th century when feminism was rather revolutionary. The book is a true impression of a strong woman reacting to adversity. The Yellow Wall Paper is a short story that describes the suffering of a woman confined to her home after subjection to post-partum depression. She appears as a woman who is totally submissive to her husband. While suffering from acute depression, she has to spend her days restricted to her house. However, there is a frightful wall paper in her bedroom that she keeps staring at day in day out. This yellow paper drives her totally insane, and she eventually tears it down. She feels alone in her little world. Unfortunately, her husband does not give her any support despite her sickness and does not want her to write. She also cannot visit or interact with family and friends and is confined to a house where her husband thinks air would help her. He does not want her to do anything...
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...Impacts of Health Reform on Women’s Reproductive Health Stephanie Bucher COMM/215 January 10, 2015 Linda Camp In March of 2010, the Affordable Care Act (ACA) was signed into law by President Obama. This federal law intended to make health insurance more affordable and more readily accessible to citizens and legal residents of the United States. (Salganicoff, 2014). The Affordable Care Act benefits all of the citizens of the United States, and it has been especially beneficial to women's health issues. It has been said to be the "greatest advance for women's health in a generation" (Health Reform is Making a Difference is Women's Lives, 2012). The passing of the Affordable Care Act will allow approximately 6.8 million low-income woman to gain access to health insurance. (Levy, 2012). Women have faced discrimination in health care for generations and the Affordable Care Act has put provisions in place to address and fix this long-standing problem. ("Why The Affordable Care Act Matters For Women: Coverage of Women's Preventive Services, Including Contraception", 2012) Before the passing of the Affordable Care Act, women faced many obstacles when trying to seek care. One in Four women of reproductive age lacked health coverage, and what is especially shocking is that four out of ten poor women of childbearing age were uninsured. (Gold, 2009). These numbers are unacceptable, and most Americans believe that change needs to happen. Since the law passed, many substantial...
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