Poverty perspectives
According to the poverty perspective the people of Mwanza are poor on the basic needs perspective. Furthermore, the basic needs perspective does not define poverty based on the income poverty lines, but it is defined as the inability to meet certain needs of the individual. The basic needs perspective is a common perspective on poverty in the “developing world”. As for the people of Mwanza this perspective is relevant to them because they do not have access to clean air and water. They also does not live a healthy diet balance, because they eat fish that has been in a very unhealthy condition and where the fish is kept is in a unhealthy setting as to how food is to kept healthy. In addition, the fish that they eat are left open in which they make smoked fish. Also, they does not have the adequate physical and the emotional security, because many people in that area does not have proper houses, most of them live on streets and as for those who does have a roof over their heads are not in a stable housing condition, but merely cartons and other stuff in order for them to have roofs over their heads.. Also, most parents die of HIV/AIDS, in which the children are left all by themselves and have to support themselves by living on the streets. In addition, when they are ill they are not seen to by a doctor, they are left with the illness to die. Furthermore, the clothes that they wear is not culturally and climatically appropriate, they should wear whatever they have. Moreover, they do not have proper jobs or money to take care of their children. And jobs in that area are difficult to find, so they mostly collect left over fish to provide food for themselves and their families (Davids, 2009).
Furthermore, the causes of under-development around Mwanza are due to the fact that they have shifted from the top-down approach to the bottom-up approach and people centred development. In which the bottom-up approach are referred to the idea of working with individuals on a level whereby larger and more sustainable change can grow in a sense where human development use resources in order to meet the human needs. Also, this approach is to encourage challenges and opportunities in the public and private sectors (Roodt, 2001). Also, it could relate to the top- down approach, in addition to improve under development is when the state is involved and would open better opportunities for the individuals living in the Mwanza area.

Reference List:
Davids, I. (2009) Poverty in South Africa: A development management perspective. In I. Davids, F Theron & K. J. Maphunye, Participatory Development in South Africa: A Development Management Perspective, pp. 37-47. Pretoria: Van Schaik Publishers
Roodt, M. (2001) Participation, civil society, and development. In J. Coetzee, J. Graaff, F. Hendricks and G. Wood (Eds), Development Theory, Policy, and Practice (pp. 77-960). Cape Town: Oxford University Press Southern Africa.