...8.3 The Sun Powers Earth`s Climate System Homework - Thursday 09/06/12 pg. 329 #1-6 1. Explain how the ocean interacts with the Sun’s radiation. The ocean interacts with the Sun’s radiation by reflecting and absorbing the Sun’s radiation. I think the ocean absorbs the radiation because depending on the season the area by the mass of water is about 1°C or 2°C difference in temperature proving the ocean does absorb the Sun’s radiation. Although it absorbs heat I also thing the ocean has a medium albedo. The ocean is light coloured/clear, and is a different form of ice which has the highest albedo. Therefore the ocean interacts with the Sun’s radiation by reflecting and absorbing the heat energy. 2. The amount of energy Earth absorbs is equal to the amount of energy it radiates. Why is this important? Explain your answer. It’s important that the amount of energy Earth absorbs is equal to the amount of energy it radiates because on Earth we need to keep the temperature at a sustainable temperature, meaning the Earth can’t be too hot or too cold. For there to be a sustainable environment the Earth needs to maintain a healthy temperature for human life, and other life. By equally absorbing and reflecting the radiation from the Sun Earth is able to support life, this is very important. 3. The Sun shines continuously on Earth. Explain why Earth does not keep warming up. Even though the Sun shines continuously on Earth, the Earth doesn’t keep warming up because...
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...MAXIMUM POWER POINT TRACKING Abstract - Energy crisis is the most important issue in today's world. Conventional energy resources are not only limited but also the prime culprit for environmental pollution. Renewable energy resources are getting priorities in the whole world to lessen the dependency on conventional resources. Solar energy is rapidly gaining the focus as an important means of expanding renewable energy uses. Solar cells those convert sun's energy into electrical energy are costly and inefficient. Different mechanisms are applied to increase the efficiency of the solar cell to reduce the cost. Solar tracking system is the most appropriate technology to enhance the efficiency of the solar cells by tracking the sun. A microcontroller based design methodology of an automatic solar tracker is presented in this paper. Light dependent resistors are used as the sensors of the solar tracker. The designed tracker has precise control mechanism which will provide three ways of controlling system. A small prototype of solar tracking system is also constructed to implement the design methodology presented here. Index Terms:- MPPT I. INTRODUCTION Now a day’s electricity generation using solar mobile has been growing fast day today. In order to obtain solar energy as much as possible, the study of the efficiency for PV systems has attracted many researchers and engineers attention. In general, there are three methods to increase the efficiency of PV systems. The first...
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...Nuclear Fusion How does nuclear fusion work? There is fusion on the sun. Fusion only works one way. Fusion also happens on earth. Chernobyl is a bad example of nuclear explosion. One nuclear bomb can destroy an area for thousands of years. Taylor Wilson is working to help make nuclear power safer. There are many different places that it can occur, but only one way that it can happen, and almost everything you are doing is powered through fusion. Fusion occurs on the sun. Believe it or not, the sun contains 99.8% of all mass in the universe. In all of that the sun is 75% hydrogen and 25% helium which helps produce fusion. Every second the sun converts 500 million metric tons of hydrogen to helium. The type of fusion powered by the sun also...
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...Solar power as away of providing heat and electrical energy from heat The Sun the heat of the sun is about equivalent to burning a billion trillion tons of coal an hour. Even though only a small fraction of that heat ever reaches the earth it is still more then enough to power the whole world. People seemed to realize the importance of the sun around 30,000 BC. This was when people first started planting crops of wheat. They realized plants did better when planted in the sun over the shade. This caused them to worship the sun as a God. Many cultures built large and extravagant temples to worship the sun in. Other cultures built places to observe the sun in, such as Stonehenge in England. Different Types of Solar Panels There are three main types of solar panels. They are flat plate collectors, focusing collectors, and solar cells. The first kind is a flat plate collector. Flat plate collectors are fastened on the top of the roof of a house. They usually either heat the house or its water. A flat plate collector consists of a black rectangular frame, two or three sheets of glass, and copper plumbing. A flat plat collector uses the greenhouse affect. The sun rays go through the glass but can’t get out through the glass. The sun rays heat the water-filled copper tubes. Then the water is used to heat the home or water. Another type of a solar panel is a focusing collector. They consist of a mirror or mirrors...
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...the impact of a simulated 18 year product pricing strategy, in combination with new market entrants, on Sun Power Company’s performance. Sun’s product price is lowered from $0.13/ kWh down to $0.08/ kWh over the simulated period and key performance metrics are analyzed and compared to those from SLP 2, which assumed the same pricing strategy but no new competitor entrants. Decision 1 – 2008-2012 Throughout the simulation period the objective of Sun Power is to expand its market share as well as maximize cumulative profit. Profit maximization is aided through cost reduction, thus the company seeks to lower its product unit cost. Figure 1 below, a horizontal analysis of pertinent income statement items, helps to analyze the results of the 5 year period ended in 2012. Sun Power attained improved profitability and cost positioning, although its cost position continues to lag against the cumulative performance of all other industry players over the same period. In addition, no new competitors have entered the market at this point in the simulation, thus the results are identical to the same simulated period for SP Module 2. Fig 1: Income Statement Analysis 2008-2012 | |Sun |Sun | | |Sun |Sun | % change...
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...is solar energy. Solar energy is quite simply the energy produced directly by the sun and collected elsewhere, normally the Earth. The sun creates its energy through a thermonuclear process that converts about 650,000,000 tons of hydrogen to helium every second. The process creates heat and electromagnetic radiation. The heat remains in the sun and is instrumental in maintaining the thermonuclear reaction. The electromagnetic radiation (including visible light, infra-red light, and ultra-violet radiation) streams out into space in all directions. Only a very small fraction of the total radiation produced reaches the Earth. The radiation that does reach the Earth is the indirect source of nearly every type of energy used today. The exceptions are geothermal energy, and nuclear fission and fusion. Even fossil fuels owe their origins to the sun; they were once living plants and animals whose life was dependent upon the sun. The sun is an inexhaustible source of energy. Solar energy is radiant energy from the sun caused by nuclear fusion in the sun’s core. The sun’s radiant energy reaches the earth in rays of sunlight. Solar energy in the form of heat and light sustains life on earth. Solar energy can also be collected, stored and put to work by converting it to pollution-free thermal (heat) energy and electricity. Less than 1% of the world’s total electricity production comes from solar power. Current and future technologies to harvest the sun’s energy could substantially...
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...comes to sight; the analogy of the sun. Many questions regarding this analogy have been orbiting the minds of great thinkers, one being whether or not the analogy makes any sense. The obvious answer is yes, it does make sense, but before we dive into this topic, a proper explanation of the allegory of the sun is needed. The origins of the allegory comes from a conversation between Socrates and Glaucon, Plato’s older brother. Within this discussion, Socrates brings forth the idea that the sun represents the good, and that the sun is God-like. It is further explained that the sun “makes our sight see best and visible things best seen.” (Reeve & Miller 199) Distinguished facts about the sun and the good then come into view, as Socrates states even though sight and the light are thought to be like the sun, they are not quite the same as the sun. Furthermore, the sun “not only gives visible things the power to be seen, but also provides for their coming-to-be, growth, and nourishment… existence and being are also due to it.” (Reeve & Miller 200) Socrates believes that all things come into existence due to the sun/the good, but not only does it make everything visible, it also makes everything grow. With a brief summary of the allegory of the sun in mind, it is easy to suggest that this allegory makes perfect sense, and that in fact the sun/the good is being personified as Helios, giving the interpretation that the sun is God. While the sun represents the good, the good...
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...Sui CHEN Rahul KAPADIA Geeth Geetha PANDE et Sébastien DANIERE How to produce electricity with solar energy? Renewable energy If our energy for the future only depended from the sun How to produce electricity with solar energy? -1- How to produce electricity with solar energy? Summary INTRODUCTION………………………………………………………………………………………………. 3 I) CURRENT SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC (PV) TECHNOLOGIES (by Sui CHEN) a) b) c) d) e) Preface………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 4 Solar energy map ……………………………………………………………………………………… 4 The cell basic construction………………………………………………………………………. 5 Material of photovoltaic cell ………………………………………………………………….... 6 Array design and sun tracking………………………………………………………………….. 7 II) SOLAR PANEL FOR BUILDING (by Rahul KAPADIA) a) b) c) d) e) f) g) h) i) Preface…………………………………………………………………………………......................... 9 Overview……………………………………………………………………………………………………. 9 Why are solar panels important……………………………………………………………….. 9 Solar panel arrays…………………………………………………………………………………….. 10 Account of daily producing power......................................................................... 10 Solar panel installation……………………………………………………………………………… 11 Precautions………………………………………………………………………………………………. 11 Battery system for solar panel……………………………………………………………………. 11 How many solar panels to recharge the battery…………………………………………... 12 III) APPLICATION OF SOLAR ELECTRICITY FOR COMMERCIAL BUILDING (by Geeta PANDE) a) Application...
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...solar based one is the more attractive because it is characterized by being free, incur no fuel cost, abundant, limits less, distributed all over the world, pollution free, and require little maintenance. Maximizing power output from a solar system is desirable to increase efficiency and in order to maximize power output from the solar panels, one need to keep the panels aligned with the sun. As such, a means of tracking the sun is required. Efficient collection of maximum solar irradiance (MSI) on a flat plate type photovoltaic solar panels or a cylindrical parabolic solar reflector requires adjustments of two parameters of the energy collecting surface namely the angle of Azimuth, and the angle of tilt, of the surface to be illuminated. As the elevation angle of the sun remains almost invariant in a month and varies little (latitude + 100) in a year, there is no need for automatic adjustment of the tilt angle. Everyday, the sun rises in the east, moves across the sky and sets in the west. If one could get a solar panel to turn and look at the sun all day hours, then it could receive the maximum amount of sunlight possible and convert it into the more useful energy (electricity). The current of the solar module is very sensitive to the Isolation of the sun. Small tilt in the solar module makes the current drop rapidly. It has been estimated that the yield from solar panels can be increases by 30 to 60 percent by utilizing a single axes tracking system instead of a stationary...
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...something is, the shorter its peak wavelength of radiated energy is. The hottest objects in the universe radiate mostly gamma rays and x-rays. Cooler objects emit mostly longer-wavelength radiation, including visible light, thermal infrared, radio, and microwaves. The surface of the Sun has a temperature of about 5,800 Kelvin (about 5,500 degrees Celsius, or about 10,000 degrees Fahrenheit). At that temperature, most of the energy the Sun radiates is visible and near-infrared light. At Earth’s average distance from the Sun (about 150 million kilometers), the average intensity of solar energy reaching the top of the atmosphere directly facing the Sun is about 1,360 watts per square meter, according to measurements made by the most recent NASA satellite missions. This amount of power is known as the total solar irradiance. (Before scientists discovered that it varies by a small amount during the sunspot cycle, total solar irradiance was sometimes called “the solar constant.”) Solar irradiance falling on a given area, or "incident solar radiation" is commonly known as "insolation". A watt is measurement of power, or the amount of energy that something generates or uses over time. How much power is 1,360 watts? An incandescent light bulb uses anywhere from 40 to 100 watts. A microwave uses...
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...Solar energy is produced by the sun. It’s the energy transmitted from the sun in the form of electromagnetic radiation. It is taken from the sun and converted into electrical/ thermal energy. Solar is actually the Latin word for sun. There are many reasons why solar energy is better for the environment but there are some down sides. The earth receives about 1,366 watts of direct solar radiation per square meter. In one second the sun produces energy to meet the current needs of the entire Earth for 500,000 years. Solar energy used to photosynthesis. 99.99% of solar radiation goes to waste. Solar energy will never run out and it is very abundant and clean. Solar energy has been used by humans for thousands of years. For example, ancient cultures used energy from the sun to keep warm by starting fires with it. They also kept their homes warm through passive solar energy designs. Buildings were designed so that walls and floors collected solar heat during the day that was released at night to keep them warm. If you have ever stood in the sun to get warm then you too have utilized solar thermal energy. The discovery of photovoltaic happened in 1839 when the French physicist Edmond Becquerel first showed photovoltaic activity. Edmond had found that electrical current in certain materials could be increased when exposed to light. 66 years later, in 1905, we gained an understanding of Edmonds' work when the famous physicist Albert Einstein clearly described the photoelectric...
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...proper teambuilding. It is next to impossible to make everyone happy, but this task is even more difficult when those affected are located in different countries, identify with different cultures, and follow different norms. It all came to light when an outage at HS Holdings, who has a $300,000 annual service agreement with 24X7 response, went unanswered by Sun Microsystems. With threats of a lawsuit, Sun Microsystems was determined to get to the bottom of it and find out who dropped the ball. Interpersonal conflict is the most important issue within the case because if there hadn’t been perceived power distance, distrust, and cultural misunderstandings than the outage could have been handled quickly without involving HS Holdings management nor the Customer Advocate in Paris, Elisabeth Fournier. Despite the poorly programmed queue and the lack of an updated contact list, the problem still could have been addressed fairly quickly if the Indian team hadn’t felted alienated by the team as a whole and insulted by Nick Elliott when he was overheard saying the Indian team was incompetent. Situation Analysis: Sun Microsystems (Sun) is one of the largest information technology companies in the world. It includes global teams filled with efficient and effective employees who work with a choice of an employee-friendly open work environment. Greg James, a successful engineer and “Outstanding Manager Award” winner was appointed as a global manager of a diverse 45-member team from the United...
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...the magnetic explosion in the sun. The sun has spurted a huge cloud towards the earth which is full of electronic ions. The planet was hit by a “Solar Tsunami” racing 93 million miles across the space. Scientists have warned that the earth could be hit by a wave of violent space storm(Coronal Mass Ejection) after a massive explosion on the sun. This huge explosion could shut down the global communication and the satellites might get destroyed. “These eruptions occur when immense magnetic structures in the solar atmosphere lose their stability and can no longer be held down by the Sun’s huge gravitational pull. Just like a coiled spring suddenly being released, they erupt into space.” This means we have a very good chance of seeing major and prolonged effects, such as the northern lights at low latitudes.” The solar explosion that causes the tsunami has been observed by many satellites along with the Solar Dynamic Observatory, NASA. The blasts will reach to a maximum level in 2020 it is estimated. Along with this blast there was another blast of cold air circumference of the sun’s northern pole. A huge cloud has been thrown in to the space with these related developments. This paper focuses on the global changes caused by the future solar activity and also presented pre actions for safe guarding our lives. Key Words: Coronal mass Ejection, Solar storms, Magneto Hydro Dynamic Waves, Solar electric repulsion, Faraday Cage INTRODUCTION: The sun is hot, bright and enormous. Its...
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...energy from sun: energy radiated from the Sun in the form of heat and light, used by green plants for photosynthesis and harnessed as solar power 2. energy from Sun: energy obtained from radiation emitted by the Sun Translations Home » Wind Energy Guide » Wind Energy Basics Wind Energy Basics Basic information on wind energy and wind power technology, resources, and issues of concern. Wind Energy and Wind Power Wind is a form of solar energy. Winds are caused by the uneven heating of the atmosphere by the sun, the irregularities of the earth's surface, and rotation of the earth. Wind flow patterns are modified by the earth's terrain, bodies of water, and vegetative cover. This wind flow, or motion energy, when "harvested" by modern wind turbines, can be used to generate electricity. How Wind Power Is Generated The terms "wind energy" or "wind power" describe the process by which the wind is used to generate mechanical power or electricity. Wind turbines convert the kinetic energy in the wind into mechanical power. This mechanical power can be used for specific tasks (such as grinding grain or pumping water) or a generator can convert this mechanical power into electricity to power homes, businesses, schools, and the like. Wind Turbines Wind turbines, like aircraft propeller blades, turn in the moving air and power an electric generator that supplies an electric current. Simply stated, a wind turbine is the opposite of a fan. Instead of using electricity...
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...The American Sun: The African Immigrant Experience I remember the day. I remember the day that I came to America. On that spring day, I remember getting off the plane in New York City with my children. It was a sunny day. I remember the African sun in great detail, but for some reason, the sun was much bigger and brighter in United States. You would think it would be just the opposite coming to a northern climate, but the sun seemed, in fact, much bigger and brighter. We had made it. What an unbelievable adventure, but we had finally made it to the United States. The airport seemed like a hive of honeybees buzzing about in hurried chaos. I told my children, “Stay together. We have to keep an eye out for Aunt Emmy. She will be picking us up.” My kids were so young, all they did was look and laugh in their playful way. They had no idea of the significance of our trip. They...
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