...Mearsheimer: The Tragedy of Great Power Politics In The Tragedy of Great Power Politics, author John Mearsheimer outlines a new theory of international relations which he calls “offensive realism.” Mearsheimer’s theory is a spin-off of Kenneth Waltz’s neorealism, also known as structural or defensive realism. Mearsheimer follows on the premises of Kenneth Waltz’s theory by deriving the behavior of states from the “structure” of the international system. Mearsheimer outlines five assumptions or premises comprising his theoretical foundation: 1) the international system is anarchic (no world government) 2) all states posses some offensive capability and are thus capable of using force against other states 3) no state can be certain another state will not use force against it 4) survival, territorial integrity, and domestic autonomy are the primal goals of all states and 5) great powers are rational actors (Mearsheimer 2001, pp. 30-31). It is difficult to definitively discern what conclusions Mearsheimer thinks follow from these premises (Wagner 2007, pg. 14). He argues for perhaps three conclusions: 1) great powers have powerful incentives to “think and act offensively with regard to each other…In particular, three general patterns of behavior result: fear, self-help, and power maximization (Mearsheimer 2001, pg.32)” 2) even states that want only to survive end up pursuing hegemony as the ultimate insurance for survival 3) even states that care only about their survival may...
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...some of the influences that can have an emotional impact on organizational structure, organizational culture and power and politics within our own individual organizations. Our team had some interesting thoughts about what influences organizational structure can have on behavior as well as what influence organizational culture can have on behavior and most importantly how power and politics can have an influence on behavior within the workplace. Organizational Structure on Behavior Organizational Structure can be found in every organization regardless of the size of the business. Organizational Structure defines how the job responsibilities will be assigned to each employee. This can have an influence on an employee’s behavior, for example being in the military every position within the organization is clearly outlined and defined, which allows the organization to be disciplined and controlled. In the business world some managers follow six stages when putting their company’s organizational structure in place which also contributes to the influence of the employee’s behavior. Six Elements Work Specialization clearly outlines the employee’s specific job duties. Departmentalization defines how the jobs will band together, for example the accounting department handles all areas of accounting within their specialized department. The Chain of Command outlines who the employees will report to. Span of Control is used to allow managers to efficiently guide the employees...
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...America today? The Discussion Topic will deal with you Introducing Yourself and your views toward politics. Chapter 1 Learning Objectives Module 1Learning Objectives Having read chapter 1, students should be able to do the following: Module 1 Learning Objectives Having read chapter 1 students should be able to do the following: 1. Identify ways government affects our lives every day. 2. List the ways that the Identity of Americans has changed over time. 3. List and define the three main values on how America was built on. 4. Compare the different forms of government shown in this chapter. Chapter 1 Outline EBOOK Note: The eBook will open in a new window. Close the window to return to the course. OUTLINE Government Affects Our Lives Every Day 1. Americans have been reluctant to grant government too much power, and they have often been suspicious of politicians. But Americans have also turned to government for assistance in times of need, and they have strongly supported the government in periods of war. 2. One important reason for citizens to pay attention to their government in good times is to make sure that the government does not make decisions that might result in unjustified wars, riots, or an economic downturn. 3. The key to understanding American government is to understand the relationship between the citizen and the government. Politics takes on a different character according to the extent to which people are informed and involved...
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...| | |INTERNATIONAL ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY MALAYSIA | |COURSE OUTLINE | |Kulliyyah |Islamic Revealed Knowledge and Human Sciences | |Department |Political Science | |Programme |Bachelor of Human Sciences (Political Science) | |Course Title |Introduction to Political Science | |Course Code |PSCI 1010 | |Status |Core Course | |Level |1 ...
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...Summarise & Reflect 1 Student Number: Title of Topic: Psychology and Politics i) Rate your feelings about this topic by marking a point on each of the three scales: Not at all Extremely Interesting +----------------------------------------------------------------------X Important +----------------------------------------------------------------------X Difficult +-------------------------------------------X--------------------------- ii) Outline the key concepts and the 'message' of this topic (300-500 words) Lecture: Psychology holds a strong influence in politics with psychologists having contributed to improvements across a number of social institutions and practices. Throughout history, many theories have determined political administration. Behaviourist B.F Skinner introduced a utopian concept to shape society through positive reinforcement. Skinner believed that a forsaking of false belief in behavioural independence and an adoption of necessary control was essential for society. Whereas, psychiatrist Franz Kallman possessed an extremist view towards schizophrenia and argued for the sterilization of schizophrenics and healthy relatives due to research that indicated the disorder as a genetic phenomenon. The 21st century saw the medicalization of mental health disorders which commentators Thomas Szasz and R.D Laing claimed was a form of social control. Labelling mental health was seen as...
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...peak under Louis XIV, particularly the personalization of power around Louis XIV himself. Explain. In answering, be sure to outline the general history of Louis XIV’s reign as discussed in class. Be sure to include a discussion of the reading titled “A Royal Tongue Lashing.” In particular, what political claims did the document make? What was the Copernican Revolution and why was it so important? What was the initial reception to the Copernican System, and how did Copernicanism ultimately become accepted throughout the European scientific community and European culture more broadly? In answering, be sure to outline the general history of the Scientific Revolution as we discussed in class. What were the cultural and social implications of the new science? In particular, how did Francis Bacon rethink science as a social process? And how did Robert Boyle rethink the culture of the new science, particularly considering the political context of his time? Be sure to include a discussion of Bacon’s New Atlantis, in particular the way it reflected Bacon’s conception of science and society. Seventeenth-century England was a time of seemingly endless contestation. What were some of the sources of these divisions in English society and politics? What were the primary political differences between the opposing sides? What ultimately brought an end to the differences? In answering this question, be sure to outline the primary events of seventeenth-century England as we...
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...BUS520 Week 11 Final Exam 1 and 2 BUS520 Week 11 Final Exam 1 and 2 BUS520Week 11 Final Exam 1 and 2 Download Answer Here http://workbank247.com/q/bus520-final-exam-1-and-2/6911 Question 1 According to the Ohio State leadership studies, a leader high in __________ is sensitive to people’s feelings and tries to make things pleasant for the followers. • Question 2 __________ make(s) a leader’s influence either unnecessary or redundant in that they replace a leader’s influence. • Question 3 According to the path-goal leadership theory, a manager is showing a participative leadership style when he/she __________. • Question 4 According to __________ approaches, individual behavior is constructed in context, as people act and interact in situations. • Question 5 Meindl referred to the phenomenon whereby people attribute almost magical qualities to leadership as _____________. • Question 6 The __________ that are driving organizations of all types and sizes can be found in organization-environment relationships, the organizational life cycle, and the political nature of organizations. • Question 7 The decision to construct a new overseas plant can be considered to be a(n) __________. • Question 8 Which of the following, refers to altruistic love? • Question 9 __________ is intentional and occurs as a result of specific efforts by a change agent. • Question 10 Another name for incremental change is __________. • Question...
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...write A* Government and Politics Questions and Answers Your first task is to write the indicative content for each of the questions below on a separate sheet of paper A) Explain the term constituency parties B) Explain why the threat of losing the party whip will usually persuade MPs to “toe the party line” C) Permanent, politically neutral and anonymous” How far does the British Civil Service still reflect these key features? Planning how to write A* Government and Politics Questions and Answers Your first task is to write the indicative content for each of the questions below on a separate sheet of paper A) Explain the term political leaders B) Outline the different roles performed by the annual party conference held by the major UK parties C) Discuss the view that modern British Prime Ministers are not too strong, but too weak Planning how to write A* Government and Politics Questions and Answers Your first task is to write the indicative content for each of the questions below on a separate sheet of paper A) Explain the term Prime Ministers Questions B) Identify and explain two reasons why the Prime Minister’s power to influence policy making is limited C) “The House of Commons is too dominant within the Westminster Parliament” Discuss Planning how to write A* Government and Politics Questions and Answers ...
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...POWER AND POLITICS Politics in work places simply put is about getting noticed and liked by the right people in other to advance up the career ladder in an organization and also to achieve position of power that confers a status of relevance in the scheme of affairs in an organization. This definition is supported by an old saying that ‘’it’s not what you know ,but who you know’’. It is upon this premise that human beings are classified as political animals and as such it is difficult to eliminate politics from workplaces.’’ While teamwork may be extolled as an organizational virtue ,in the real practice, workplaces are likely to be characterized by competition and conflicts as it is by cooperation (Fineman and Gabriel,1996). Politics is a means through which individual self-interests are pursued without regard to the their effect in the realization of the organizations objectives .Organizational politics is arguably one of the most researched concepts in the field of management’’ ( Boateng et al ,2013)the researches here are to understand the impact of organizational politics on business entities. One of these studies propagates that organizational politics may affect decision making and allocation of resources in an organization amongst other factors. Power on the other hand is the ability of a person or a group to influence others. If a person have influence, he or she is perceived as powerful. A person may hold power by having the ability to make decision, apportion...
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...OUTLINE & THESIS STATEMENT Impact of Industrialization after the Civil War on American Society (Thesis & Outline) [Strayer University] [U.S History 105] ] Impact of Industrialization After the Civil War on American Society (Thesis & Outline) Part 1- Thesis Statement The Industrial Revolution marks a major turning point in human history; almost every aspect of daily life was influenced in some way. After the Civil War, industrialization took on an unpredictable change of events that had a major affect on improving American life. The Industrial Revolution affected farming, manufacturing, and legislatives and led to a increase in the wealth and prosperity of the countries in which it occurred.. First, new and improved methods of planting and harvesting crops, breeding and rearing animals, and fertilizing the land increased productivity. Second, arrival of steam-powered farm machinery meant to replace farm laborers were needed to work the land. Third, Homestead Act, a significant amount of land had been set aside for cheap to migrated families from the west. Farmer were able to own their own home and farm using on their own time and resources, once their obligations to the government were fulfilled in 5 years the land was theirs with no strings attached. Although the war was over and slavery was abolished, nothing changed much for African American. They still had to work for their masters, and were limited to the rights they had...
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...In the summer of 1793, “rebels broke into the home of a tax collector named Benjamin Wells and forced him at gunpoint to resign his commission. General Neville continued to defy the protesters; he was burned in effigy.” Later, in the following year, the main event of the Whiskey Rebellion happened: there was a major confrontation at John Neville’s house “in which two people (albeit protesters) were killed, and Neville's home burned down. The Whiskey rebels broke criminal laws, including intercepting mail, destroying property and threatening individuals, as well as, of course, the nonpayment of taxes.” As a response to these events, on August 7th the presidential proclamation demanded the end of the resistance. Washington gave the power to Alexander Hamilton to organize troops in order to put down the rebellion. “In August the government called up 13,000 militia from New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Maryland, and Virginia.” This was the first and only time when “a sitting American president ever led troops into battle. Washington abandoned the procession early, however, leaving Alexander Hamilton” as leader of the troops. As a result, “the rioters dispersed in the presence of the federal troops and bloodshed was...
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...Energy & Development Prof. Dr. Birgit Eitel Christoph Micklin (2168740) 10/12/2012 Outline Definition of E-mobility History and Facts Pro‘s and Con‘s of E-vehicles Impact on Germany • Politics • Automobile industry Future Outlook Definition: Definition History & Facts Pro’s & Con’s Impact on Germany Future Outlook Difference: Hybrid car: uses 2 or more power sources (e.g. combustion engine + electric motor) Electric car: powered by only one electric motor Source: http://www.gartner.com/it-glossary/electro-mobility-e-mobility/ “Electric mobility represents the concept of using electric power trains technologies (….) and connected infrastructure to enable electric propulsion of vehicles in order to satisfy the individual needs of being mobile” History: Definition History & Facts Pro’s & Con’s Impact on Germany Future Outlook 1881 “Trouvé Tricycle” (electric) 1927 “Ford T-Model” (gasoline) 2008 Tesla Roadster (E-car) 1997 Toyota Prius (Hybrid) Statistical Facts about E-cars in Germany: Definition History & Facts Pro’s & Con’s Impact on Germany Future Outlook Source: Kraftfahrt-Bundesamt, KBA, 2012 Definition History & Facts Pro’s & Con’s Impact on Germany Future Outlook Cumulative number of new registrations of electric vehicles in Japan, China, Germany and the USA in 2010 and 2011 20.000 18.000 16.000 14.000 12.000 10.000 8.000 6.000 4.000 2.000 0 18.626,00 14.960,00 2.984,00 2.631,00 USA Japan Germany China ...
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...definitions of power. Using these definitions analyse and discuss how you observe power being exercised in the world as you experience it. The term “power” has a number of different meanings and definitions relating to all aspects of life. In Kenneth E. Boulding’s book “The Three Faces of Power” he writes, “The various forms of power act and interact on each other so significantly that if the study of power were confined to a single aspect of it, … , much would be lost in the understanding of the over dynamics of the system.” Boulding broadly defines power as the ability of people to get that which they desire. In the context of politics; power concerns all social activities at each level of society. In a sense; politics is power i.e. “The ability to achieve a desired outcome, through whatever means” (Haywood, 2002). Politics can be seen as the fight for scarce resources, and the power lies in the ability to conduct and control this struggle. However power must not be confused with “force”, a much narrower concept, as this is “linked to the concept of domination, which, indeed is only a small part of the general nature of power”(Boulding, 1990). In this essay I am going to discuss some of the different definitions and aspects of power, referring mainly to the “Faces” of power, and giving examples of my observations of different types of power being exercised in the world today. The idea of power is key to the understanding of politics for “... if politics is the resolution...
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...Monday, 3 June. Section A 1. What are the key elements of U.S. political culture, and how do they express themselves in contemporary U.S. politics? 2. What limits does the U.S. Constitution place on the effective exercise of government power, and why? 3. How does the federalism constrain the U.S. government, and how have such constraints shifted over time? 4. Outline some of the main challenges that the Democratic Party and the Republican Party face in the 2012 Presidential elections. Section B 5. In what ways does the U.S. electoral system enhance democracy and in what ways does it impede democracy? 6. Discuss the relationship between the Legislature and the Executive, illustrating your answer with historical and/or contemporary examples 7. Some commentators have talked about the emergence of an “Imperial Presidency.” What do they mean by this, and is it a useful concept for thinking about contemporary Presidential power? 8. Discuss the impact that lobby groups have on the U.S. political system. Section C 9. What were the key factors contributing to the rise of the Christian Right in the late 1970s, and what were its main political impacts? 10. Discuss the main ways that “Race” has historically shaped the U.S. political landscape. 11. Is “Race” still an important factor in U.S. politics, and why? 12. Why has the development of the welfare state been much more limited in the United States than it has been in...
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...Power and Organizational Politics Outline * Power……………………………………………………………… pg 3 * The Influence of Power in Organization…………… pg 3-4 * Sources of Power…………………………………………….. pg 5 * Organizational Politics…………………………………….. pg 6 * Ethics of Power and Politics…………………………….. pg 6-7 * Empowerment………………………………………………… pg 7 * Reference……………………………………………………….. pg 8 Power What is power? In the organization, power of a person can be derived from interpersonal, structural and situational bases. Basically, interpersonal power is vested in a person as prescribed by the organization (ie; legitimate, reward and coercive) and by the person’s qualities (i.e.; expert and referent). While structural and situational powers (i.e.; resource, decision making and information powers) normally go by the hierarchy of the organization’s structure. The higher the position of a person as structured by the organization, the greater is his/her power in accessing to resources, making decisions and having access to important information. People in the organization must be aware that the misuse of power can bring the disadvantages to their organization and the workplace. Most of the problems of power faced by the organizations are because of the improper use of power by the managers. There are cases where the managers made in charge of businesses are lack in the required knowledge and skills which can contribute towards reducing the performance of the organization. There are also...
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