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SOCCER (Football)
Association football, more commonly known as football or soccer, is a team sport played between two teams of eleven players. It is widely considered to be the most popular sport in the world. The object of the game is to score by driving the ball into the opposing goal. The team that scores the most goals by the end of the match wins. If the score is tied at the end of the game, either a draw is declared or the game goes into extra time and/or a penalty shootout.
Soccer is governed internationally by the International Federation of Association Football, commonly as the FIFA. The most prestigious international football competition is the FIFA World Cup, held every four years.
Terms
1. Advantage Rule - The referee does not stop play for a foul if stopping the game will benefit the team that committed the foul. 2. Assist - A pass or two passes immediately before a goal is scored. 3. Attacker - A player on the team that has possession of the ball. 4. Center Line - The midfield line. 5. Charge - A legal move, if executed from the front or side of the ball carrier, where a player runs into an opponent. If committed against a player without the ball or from behind, a charge is illegal. 6. Clear - A kick that keeps the ball away from one's goal. 7. Defender - A player on the team that does not have possession of the ball. 8. Draw - A game that ends in a tie. 9. Dribbling - Moving the ball downfield by using the feet. 10. End Line - The goal line. 11. Header - A player uses his head to deflect the ball. 12. Foot Trap - A player uses his foot to control a rolling or low ball. 13. Foul - A rules violation that results in a free kick. 14. Hacking - Kicking an opponent's legs. 15. Indirect Free Kick - A kick awarded for a less serious foul. The player kicks a stationary ball. Opponents are farther than 10 yards of him during the kick. 16. Laws of the Game - The 17 rules of soccer established and enforced by FIFA. . 17. Obstruction- A defensive player uses his body to prevent an offensive player from playing the ball. 18. Offside - A rules violation when a player in an offside position receives a pass from a teammate. An attacker is positioned so fewer than two defensive players are between him and the goal. 19. Penalty Shot - A kick taken from a penalty spot by a player against the opposing goalie. Other players are not closer than 10 yards away. 20. Save - A save occurs when the goalie blocks the ball from entering the goal. 21. Shielding - An offense technique, the ball carrier keeps his body between the ball and the defender. 22. Slide Tackling - Taking away the ball from a player by kicking or stopping it with the feet while sliding on the ground. 23. Touch Line - The side line. 24. Kick-off - following a goal by the opposing team, or to begin each period of play. 25. Throw-in - when the ball has wholly crossed the touchline (sideline); awarded to opposing team to that which last touched the ball. 26. Goal kick - when the ball has wholly crossed the goal line without a goal having been scored and having last been touched by a player of the attacking team; awarded to defending team. 27. Corner kick - when the ball has wholly crossed the goal line without a goal having been scored and having last been touched by a player of the defending team; awarded to attacking team. Violation Terms 28. Indirect free kick - awarded to the opposing team following "non-penal" fouls, certain technical infringements, or when play is stopped to caution or send-off an opponent without a specific foul having occurred. A goal may not be scored directly from an indirect free kick. 29. Direct free kick - awarded to fouled team following certain listed "penal" fouls. 30. Penalty kick - awarded to the fouled team following a foul usually punishable by a direct free kick but that has occurred within their opponent's penalty area. 31. Dropped-ball - occurs when the referee has stopped play for any other reason, such as a serious injury to a player, interference by an external party, or a ball becoming defective. This restart is uncommon in adult games. 32. Penal Fouls (direct or penalty kick) o Handling the ball deliberately o Tripping an opponent o Pushing an opponent 33. Indirect fouls - Opponents are farther than 10 yards of him during the kick.The referee may punish a player or substitute's misconduct by a caution (yellow card) or sending-off (red card). A second yellow card at the same game leads to a red card, and therefore to a sending-off. A player given a yellow card is said to have been "booked", the referee writing the player's name in his official notebook. If a player has been sent off, no substitute can be brought on in their place.
Rules of Play
1. Each team consists of a maximum of eleven players on the field, one of whom must be the goalkeeper. Goalkeepers are the only players allowed to play the ball with their hands or arms, provided they do so within the penalty area in front of their own goal.
2. The basic equipment or kit players are required to wear includes a shirt, shorts, socks, footwear and adequate shin guards. Headgear is not a required piece of basic equipment, but players today may choose to wear it to protect themselves from head injury. The goalkeeper must wear clothing that is easily distinguishable from that worn by the other players and the match officials.
3. A game is officiated by a referee, who has full authority to enforce the Laws of the Game in connection with the match to which he has been appointed, and whose decisions are final. The referee is assisted by two assistant referees.
4. The longer boundary lines are touchlines, while the shorter boundaries (on which the goals are placed) are goal lines. A rectangular goal is positioned at the middle of each goal line. The inner edges of the vertical goal posts must be 24 ft apart, and the lower edge of the horizontal crossbar supported by the goal posts must be 8 ft above the ground. Nets are usually placed behind the goal, but are not required by the Laws.
5. In front of each goal is an area known as the penalty area. This area is marked by the goal line, two lines starting on the goal line 54 ft from the goalposts and extending 54ft into the field perpendicular to the goal line, and a line joining them. This area has a number of functions, the most prominent being to mark where the goalkeeper may handle the ball and where a penalty foul by a member of the defending team becomes punishable by a penalty kick. Other markings define the position of the ball or players at kick-offs, goal kicks, penalty kicks and corner kicks.
6. A soccer match consists of two periods of 45 minutes each, known as halves. Each half runs continuously, meaning that the clock is not stopped when the ball is out of play. There is usually a 15-minute half-time break between halves. The end of the match is known as full-time.
7. In league competitions, games may end in a draw, but in some knockout competitions if a game is tied at the end of regulation time it may go into extra time, which consists of two further 15-minute periods. If the score is still tied after extra time, some competitions allow the use of penalty shootouts to determine which team will progress to the next stage of the tournament. Goals scored during extra time periods count toward the final score of the game, but kicks from the penalty mark are only used to decide the team that progresses to the next part of the tournament with goals scored in a penalty shootout not making up part of the final score.
Positions
One Goalkeeper
There is always just one Goalkeeper per team. The Goalkeeper's job is to defend his team's goal and he usually stays close to his goal. You can identify the Goalie because he wears a different colored shirt or a vest over his shirt.
3 Defenders
Fullbacks play closest to their goal (which is the goal their Goalkeeper defends). Along with the Goalkeeper, they have the primary job of stopping the opponents from scoring. To a degree, every player should be a "defender" when the opponent has the ball.
4 Midfielders
The Midfielders play between the Fullbacks and the Forwards. They are often in the "Middle Third" of the field. There can be "Offensive Midfielders" who play closer to the Forwards and "Defensive Midfielders" (also called "Stoppers") who play closer to the Fullbacks.
3 Forwards
Forwards play closer to the opponent's goal, which is the goal guarded by the opposing Goalkeeper. The Forwards are the primary scorers, although Midfielders sometimes score.

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