...power? During the years of 1547-1553 England experienced a handful of serious rebellions during the six-year reign of Edward. Here were three major rebellions the Western Rebellion 1549, Kett's rebellion 1549 and Wyatt's rebellion, not to mention other uprisings. Most of these rebellions were in the South of England near to the capital, the heart of Tudor power, making them even more worrying to the monarchy. In addition the impact of the first two was magnified by their occurrence at a time of war with Scotland and France. Furthermore these rebellions changed Somerset's foreign policy as he withdrew troops from Scotland needed to suppress uprising, scaled down favored policy of garrisoning Scotland and all these gave the advantage to French who in order took Boulogne in summer 1549. Rebellions are not started for small matters; people only rebel if they fear for the welfare of themselves and their family, for they’re to be three serious rebellions in the space of 6 years is a clear sign that the government aren’t meeting the peoples basic human needs however there is another way to look at this. Even though the rebellions were started due to the reaction of the people to a government policy, e.g. the Western rebellion in 1549 (also known as the...
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...religion and the finances. The stronger evidence so far seems to suggest that personal belief was the main reason for religious change. However, the answer is never clear cut and may depend on the monarch in power and time. It can be argued that Edward's religious policy was based on his own personal beliefs of Protestantism. Edward was raised staunchly catholic as his step mother Catherine Parr had him educated with protestant views by scholars. However, other factors did determine the religious changes during his reign as the 1549 Prayer Book under Lord protector Somerset was far from staunchly protestant. This is due to Somerset's fear of Charles V and the threat Spain posed to England if they were too radically protestant , as well as learning from the mistakes Henry made leading to The Pilgrimage of Grace. The Prayer book of 1549 was very ambiguous as it allowed traditional vestments and communion was unclear. However, the moderate prayer book failed to please anybody. Therefore, it is clear that personal beliefs were not all that caused a changed in religion. Similarly as Edward was a minor he was dependant on his Lord Protector to make decisions regarding religious policy, Edward had...
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...Realism, in the context of art is the precise, full, straightforward depiction of nature and the natural world or of contemporary life. Realism rejects the idea of creative Romanticism in favor of a close observation of appearances. As such, realism looking at it from a bigger perspective has comprised many artistic values in different cultures and nations. In the relation to realistic art, for example, Realism can be found in Germany with the painting of Three Women in a Village church was displayed. This work of art simply depicted three peasant women holding prayer book while sitting on a pew in church. Also, in Italy there is a painting called The Daughters of Edward Darley Boit; the gist of the painting is the Boit sisters placed about...
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... Edward, despite his age, shows that he has to intelligence to become a great king. From an early age Edward shows tremendous understanding of the complex issues of England, especially those regarding religion. This can be attributed to the top-quality education he received. Starting from the age of six he was humanistically educated, by two of the brightest young humanists of the time, Richard Cox and John Cheke. This relates him to other important protestant reformers of this time period, Martin Luther and Ulrich Zwingli who were also educated by humanists. Edward showed that he learned very quickly. By the age of seven he had begun reading in Latin, and by the age of thirteen François de Scépeaux reported that he had learned to speak French, Italian and Spanish. Unfortunately, details on his religious education are unknown other than the fact that all his main tutors would later convert to Protestantism. After the death of his father, Henry VIII, Edward took the throne, however on account of his age he was not given full power over the kingdom. Instead sixteen executors, appointed by Henry, would make up Edward’s Privy Council. The Privy Council would be in charge of all public and private matters until Edward reached the age of 18. Edward was bound to this Privy Council and was unable to act on his own because of it. Despite this, Edward still showed some of the common Tudor traits his relatives possessed: forcefulness, stubbornness, and the authority and power of a king....
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...WAYLAND BAPTIST UNIVERSITY THE LIFE AND INFLUENCE OF IGNATIUS LOYOLA PAPER PRESENTED TO DR. GARY MITCHELL IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR RLGN5354 SCHOOL OF RELIGION BY MARK D. RIGG PLAINVIEW, TX OCTOBER 15, 2015 THE LIFE AND INFLUENCE OF IGNATIUS LOYOLA Introduction This biographical research paper will focus on the life of Ignatius of Loyola. It is the intention of this writer to deal with three major concerns regarding this post-New Testament Christian personality. First concern: to provide some background and personal history. Next, to set forth the contributions of Ignatius and the significant impact he had on the Church in general among his contemporaries, right up to the present day. Finally, the writer will reveal how the life of Ignatius relates to and has personally influenced his own. Background and personal history Iñigo Lopez de Oñaz y Loyola, whom we know as St. Ignatius, was born the youngest of thirteen children in northeastern Spain in 1491. He was raised in a noble Basque family of high Catholic piety but lax in morals. His father had several children by another woman, and his grandfather's lawless behavior led to the top two floors of the Loyola castle being demolished by order of the crown. Iñigo hardly knew his mother, Marina Saenz de Licona. As was the custom of the time, “A few days after his birth Iñigo was handed over to a wet-nurse, Maria de Garin, wife of the blacksmith living in a cottage...
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...extreme Puritan ideology would’ve certainly been perceived as a threat. However, these threats were dealt with so effectively by Elizabeth that they could not have developed into a serious threat by the 1590s. John E Neale argues that the Settlement was challenged by a ‘Puritan Choir’ in Parliament. With hindsight, it is proven that Neale took his idea from the 17th century Puritan sympathiser Simon D’Ewes, who possessed unreliable sources. However, Elton points out that leading Puritan MPs consistently opposed features of the Settlement. This is true to some extent – Walter Strickland’s 1571 Bill to reform the Book of Common Prayer was shortly followed by the start of John Field’s Parliamentary campaign through his ‘Admonitions to Parliament’. Opposition seemed evident up until the late 1580s; in 1587 Anthony Cope’s bill demanded the publication of an English Genevan Prayer Book. The fact that Parliament allowed the bill to be read shows that it had some sympathy toward Puritan grievances. Nevertheless, Elton’s view loses interpretation against the more sustained view of W.J Jones, who claims that the parliamentary challenge stood little chance. Indeed, within Parliament Elizabeth was in her strongest position to keep “a vice-like grip on the pace of change”, as stated by John Guy. The Queen showed her indignation towards Strickland by vetoing most...
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...ruled for the next 11 years with the assistance of his friends who he rewarded with lands and titles. In 1621 parliament was recalled to discuss the prospect of marriage between his son Charles, and a Spanish princess. As the Spanish Armada was still fresh in everyone`s memory there was outrage and although the marriage did not happen, relations with parliament were still damaged by the time James died and Charles took the throne in 1625. Charles, also believed in the divine right of kings but he was also arrogant and conceited and it was his personality that would light the touchpaper for the English Civil War. For the next 4 years he was continually at loggerheads with parliament over money and to a lesser extent religion. He had married a French catholic and the protestant nation feared the rise of Catholicism in England. The Duke of Buckingham, who was a favourite of Charles was deeply despised as he had arranged the marriage between Charles and Henrietta and he was given charge of foreign policy and was allowed to launch a series of disastrous military expeditions against Spain and France. Buckingham proved hopeless and incompetent in trying to resolve the thirty years war conflict and when parliament tried to impeach him Charles dissolved the first 2 parliaments but was forced to recall a third parliament when he needed to raise money. The problem of Buckingham was solved when he was...
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...individuals, insanity is rare; but in groups, parties, nations and epochs, it is the rule.” - Friedrich Nietzsche When an individual states alone, he or she is competent, but as a throng, they are impote. According to WiseGeek.com, herd or mob mentality is “unique behavioral characteristics that emerge when people are in large groups” and can be negative. This phenomenon has been documented throughout history as revolutions, riots, and violence movements. Examples are the French Revolution, the Holocaust, and what happened in Ferguson, Missouri. In The Crucible playbook, mobs are implied between pieces of dialogue, but in the movie adaptation, it is demonstrates more clearly how the town people didn’t believe in witches from the beginning. The first example of herd mentality is when the girls, Parris, the Putnams, and Reverend Hale are in the attic looking at Betty. After Abigail said that one person was a witch, every girl instantly called out others. The movie shows this better than the book, because you can see that girls yelling frantically, and the smiles on their faces are creepy....
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...The crusades were a series of Wars fought over the Holy Land Jerusalem, between Christian Europe and Muslim Asia. Jerusalem held a high significance to Christians because the Church of the Sepulchre was built upon the hill Christ was crucified on top of. The start of the Crusades was influenced by Pope Claremount in 1095. There were about nine crusades in total, the first four were known as the Principal crusades, and the four remaining, Minor crusades. The Holy crusades had many effects on both Europe and Asia. Before the 11th century most Christians were encouraged and even welcomed by the Muslim people of Jerusalem to journey on pilgrimages to experience Christ. Muslims had an open policy for pilgrims seeing them as a source of revenue. In the 1065 the Turkish took over control of Jerusalem and murdered Christians. The Pope Urban II hired a man named Peter the Hermit, a native monk of France, to spread the word and influence people to stand up and fight against the Infidels controlling Jerusalem and attacking Europe. August 15th 1096 marked the start of the crusades into Asia. The most important Crusades are the first four known as the Principle crusades. 3000 Christians were slaughtered in Jerusalem, prompting the first crusade, known as the People’s Crusade, made up of all kinds of classes of people, men, women, and children. Many preachers’ excited people of Europe, swaying them with their words of “Gods Will” to set out on a march to Jerusalem. The first crusade...
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...FRIENDSHIP IN STEINBECK'S OF MICE AND MEN A Sermon by Dean Scotty McLennan University Public Worship Stanford Memorial Church July 25, 2004 There are two different accounts in the New Testament of Jesus' disciples asking him how to pray. What has become known as the Lord's Prayer comes in two different forms, this one in today's gospel lesson from Lukei being shorter and less familiar than that in Matthew.ii They seem to stem from separate liturgical traditions in the early church. Matthew has seven petitions, while Luke has only five.iii But Luke alone follows the recitation of the Lord's Prayer with a fascinating parable about the potential limits of friendship in the middle of the night. The point of the parable seems to be that if one is persistent in asking something of a friend, even when it's very inconvenient, one's petitions will be answered. How much more will one be blessed, then, if one is persistent in praying to God, our heavenly Parent?iv John Steinbeck's short novel Of Mice and Men is all about friendship in the middle of the night -- that is, under very difficult circumstances of rural poverty during the Depression. Following my sermonic theme of the last couple of weeks -- not only loving God with all of one's heart, mind and soul but also loving one's neighbor as oneself -- I'd like to explore Steinbeck's understanding of friendship with you this morning. Ultimately, I hope it will illuminate what it means existentially to knock at the door and then have it...
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...abortion, while the PCUSA says there should be limits on access to abortion. The PCA believes same-sex marriage and homosexual activities are sins, while the PCUSA does not consider it a sin and even ordains homosexuals. The PCA has a Westminster Standards and Book of Church Order, while the PCUSA has a Book of Confessions, which contains the doctrines. The PCA is very reformed in its theology, while the PCUSA theology varies from church to church and is not explicitly Calvinism. King Henry the 8th created the Anglican Church in 1534 in England because he did not agree with the law that would not allow him to divorce his wife who could not bare a son. He created his own church to do what he wanted. The Episcopalian Church comes from the Anglican Church, also originated in the 1500s. After the American Revolution, the Church of America refused to acknowledge the monarchs of the British so they split off. The principal scriptures include the Book of Common Prayers, introduced since English Reformation in the sixteenth century. It provides a summary of the catechism and daily prayers from morning to evening. They believe they come from the apostolic Church and reject the pope’s authority. During Sunday worship, they have “shared prayers, a confession of sins, proclamation of the Word of God, a homily, profession of the Creed, and a shared Eucharist”. Jesus Christ only gave the sacraments of Baptism and the Holy Eucharist, but the other rites are still celebrated, they just are not as important...
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...PIER GIORGIO FRASSATI Pier Giorgio Michelangelo Frassati was born in Turin, Italy on April 6, 1901. His mother, Adelaide Ametis, was a painter. His father Alfredo, was the founder and director of the newspaper, “La Stampa," and was influential in Italian politics, holding positions as an Italian Senator and Ambassador to Germany. At an early age, Pier Giorgio joined the Marian Sodality and the Apostleship of Prayer, and obtained permission to receive daily Communion (which was rare at that time). He developed a deep spiritual life which he never hesitated to share with his friends. The Holy Eucharist and the Blessed Virgin were the two poles of his world of prayer. At the age of 17, he joined the St. Vincent de Paul Society and dedicated much of his spare time to serving the sick and the needy, caring for orphans, and assisting the demobilized servicemen returning from World War I. He decided to become a mining engineer, studying at the Royal Polytechnic University of Turin, so he could “serve Christ better among the miners," as he told a...
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...UNREACHED PEOPLE GROUP PROJECT: Arabized – Berbers of Morocco Keith Travis Global Studies Survey GLST 500 Dr. Stephen Parks April 9, 2013 Table of Contents Introduction1 Abstract1 Background3 History3 Language6 Culture6 Survey of Missions Work9 Challenges9 Status of the church10 Current Strategies11 Proposed Strategy13 Gaining Access13 Prayer14 Tent Making Skills15 Bonding & Partnerships16 Support17 Conclusion17 UnReached People Group Project Introduction It has been said that worship is the core or center of mission. The ultimate goal of any missionary is to bring people (entire people groups) into a passionate, relationship with God. John Piper states, “Missions is not the ultimate goal of the church. Worship is. Missions exists because worship doesn’t. Worship is ultimate, not missions, because God is ultimate, not man…It is a temporary necessity.” Taking it a step further, it is out of God’s love for Him that makes missions possible. The reality is that mankind has tasted God’s grace and love toward our fellow man by sharing what we have tasted, namely, God’s love. Steven Hawthorne notes that, “Worship fulfills God’s love. He loves people so vastly that He wills them to something better than greatness; He wants to bring them into an honored nearness to Him.” This is what I see in Isaiah. We see Isaiah worshipping God in all His glory and splendor and then God asks one of the most important...
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...mother’s side was of French descent and Kate grew up speaking both English and French. She was not only bilingual but bicultural. The influence of French life and literature if evident throughout...
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...cultural processes in which the role of the sacred is progressively limited; 2) Secularism is the ideology that argues for the historical inevitability and progressive nature of secularization everywhere and 3) Secularity is the resultant state of society. The term "secularism" was first used by the British writer Holyoake in 1851 to describe his views of promoting a social order separate from religion. The English word ‘secular’ comes from the Latin ‘saeculum’, which means ‘an age’ or ‘the spirit of an age’ and has the same meaning as the Greek ‘aeon’. In general terms, secularism means “belonging to this age, or worldly” along with a denial of other worldly realities (i.e. religious). The Bible introduces the idea of divine creation in the book of Genesis. God speaks directly to Man in Genesis: “Be fertile and increase, fill the earth and master it”. As Peter Berger, a social theorist notes that in this the idea of a secular world is sown as a God who stands outside of the Cosmos which is his creation. This opens the way for self making activity which Berger calls ‘historization’. Caesar was the emperor of Rome. In a famous passage Jesus said, "Render to Caesar the things that are Caesar's, and to God the things that are God's". Some have thought that Jesus' statement established two separate realms, Caesar's and God's, and that people should render to each what they ask for in their respective realms. Later, during the rule of Roman Emperor Constantine 1 the two worlds were...
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