...U N I T E D N AT I O N S C O N F E R E N C E O N T R A D E A N D D E V E L O P M E N T WORLD INVESTMENT REPORT 2011 NON-EQUITY MODES OF INTERNATIONAL PRODUCTION AND DEVELOPMENT U N I T E D N AT I O N S C O N F E R E N C E O N T R A D E A N D D E V E L O P M E N T WORLD INVESTMENT REPORT 2011 NON-EQUITY MODES OF INTERNATIONAL PRODUCTION AND DEVELOPMENT New York and Geneva, 2011 ii World Investment Report 2011: Non-Equity Modes of International Production and Development NOTE The Division on Investment and Enterprise of UNCTAD is a global centre of excellence, dealing with issues related to investment and enterprise development in the United Nations System. It builds on three and a half decades of experience and international expertise in research and policy analysis, intergovernmental consensus-building, and provides technical assistance to developing countries. The terms country/economy as used in this Report also refer, as appropriate, to territories or areas; the designations employed and the presentation of the material do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. In addition, the designations of country groups are intended solely for statistical or analytical convenience and do not necessarily express a judgment about the stage...
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...advance progressive social goals, while still yielding an acceptable financial return for investors. It advanced its social mission in many ways, such as by committing 7.5% of its profits to a charitable foundation; conducting in-store voter registration; and buying ingredients from suppliers who employed disadvantaged populations.4 Ben & Jerry’s founders, Ben Cohen and Jerry Greenfield, held out their double bottom line approach (they called it the “double-dip”) as a model for others who wished to “Lead With [their] Values and Make Money, Too.”5 * Professor of Law at Indiana University School of Law—Indianapolis. ** Professor of Law at Indiana University School of Law—Indianapolis and Professor of Philanthropic Studies at the Indiana University Center on Philanthropy. † Thanks to the organizers of the symposium “Corporate Creativity: The Vermont L3C & Other Developments in Social Entrepreneurship,” and the editors of this Article: Merrill Bent, Emily Montgomery and Sofia Yazykova at the Vermont Law Review. Thanks also to research assistants Jonathan Lund and Phillip Triplett. 1. BEN COHEN & JERRY GREENFIELD, BEN & JERRY’S DOUBLE DIP: LEAD WITH YOUR VALUES AND MAKE MONEY, TOO 13 (1997). 2. Kevin Jones, Selling vs. Selling Out, STAN. SOC. INNOVATION...
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...U N I T E D N AT I O N S C O N F E R E N C E O N T R A D E A N D D E V E L O P M E N T WORLD INVESTMENT REPORT 2013 GLOBAL VALUE CHAINS: INVESTMENT AND TRADE FOR DEVELOPMENT New York and Geneva, 2013 ii World Investment Report 2013: Global Value Chains: Investment and Trade for Development NOTE The Division on Investment and Enterprise of UNCTAD is a global centre of excellence, dealing with issues related to investment and enterprise development in the United Nations System. It builds on four decades of experience and international expertise in research and policy analysis, intergovernmental consensusbuilding, and provides technical assistance to over 150 countries. The terms country/economy as used in this Report also refer, as appropriate, to territories or areas; the designations employed and the presentation of the material do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. In addition, the designations of country groups are intended solely for statistical or analytical convenience and do not necessarily express a judgment about the stage of development reached by a particular country or area in the development process. The major country groupings used in this Report follow the classification of the United Nations Statistical Office. These are:...
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...U N I T E D N AT I O N S C O N F E R E N C E O N T R A D E A N D D E V E L O P M E N T WORLD INVESTMENT REPORT 2013 GLOBAL VALUE CHAINS: INVESTMENT AND TRADE FOR DEVELOPMENT New York and Geneva, 2013 ii World Investment Report 2013: Global Value Chains: Investment and Trade for Development NOTE The Division on Investment and Enterprise of UNCTAD is a global centre of excellence, dealing with issues related to investment and enterprise development in the United Nations System. It builds on four decades of experience and international expertise in research and policy analysis, intergovernmental consensusbuilding, and provides technical assistance to over 150 countries. The terms country/economy as used in this Report also refer, as appropriate, to territories or areas; the designations employed and the presentation of the material do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. In addition, the designations of country groups are intended solely for statistical or analytical convenience and do not necessarily express a judgment about the stage of development reached by a particular country or area in the development process. The major country groupings used in this Report follow the classification of the United Nations Statistical Office. These are:...
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...ABSTRACT In the recent years China has been seen as a major competition in the international economic market. It has been replacing many western states as the top trading and investment partner in many African states, and for decades it has been one of Africa’s best friends, helping in the decolonization process and building key infrastructure projects on the continent. China has been providing many African governments with cheap loans in exchange for securing their means of accumulating natural resources based on the principle of non-intervention and respect for sovereignty, which gives no strings attached. For more than a decade, diplomatic relations between China and South Africa have been marked a great growing relationship between both states. From a period of no official ties to limited interaction between the South African and Chinese Governments, the relationship has subsequently developed to become one of the closest between African and Asian states. Growing economic engagement, which underpins the warm ties between the two states, has put South Africa amongst China’s top three trading partners on the continent. Moreover, China is an emerging market economy; with a fast track of being the next economic rising superpower in the world and its current relations between it and Africa continue to grow fast with foreign direct investment increasing thirty-fold between 2003 and 2011, from US$491m to US$14.7 billion. In 2012, China pledged US$20 billion of loans to Africa over...
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...discusses three ways in which the law affects business. Generally the law affects business in the following ways: * Protecting the interests of the investors * Protection of the provisions of business contracts * The law regulates the business environment * The law provides guidelines in the employee- employer relations * There are laws on tax * It promotes transparency. Regulating business environment and operations The law provides guidelines and standards in which all businesses must operate. This protects the business from crumpling as much as protecting the consumers. For examples there are laws that require the business to comply with international practices. For example the companies must declare their business deals with the international partners. The government needs to find out if the partnership is in the interest of the investor. Another example of this relates to the need of all business in the country to get registered. In registering businesses certain details are required. This ensures that all businesses operating in the country are known. If other business people get into business deals with that organization in case of disputes the courts can use the legal procedures to deal with such organizations. Employment laws Employment laws describe the working relationships among business and the employees. The employees must not be exploited by the businesses. It stipulates fair...
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...Fundamentals of Marketing Glossary of Marketing Terms and Concepts Account A specific category of financial information such as sales, labor expense, or cash; also can refer to a specific customer who owes the business money for credit purchases. Acquisition The process of buying another firm or business unit; a method of direct investment that allows a firm to gain country and market-specific knowledge without incurring a long and costly learning process. Advertising Mass communication with customers or prospects, usually through public media. Agribusiness Any business organization that supplies farm inputs or services, or that processes, distributes, or wholesales agricultural products, or retails them to consumers. Agribusiness management The management of any firm involved in the food and fiber production and marketing system. Analyzing facts A step in the planning process requiring answers to such questions as "Where are we?" and "How did we get here?"; helps pinpoint existing problems and opportunities, and provides insights upon which to base successful decisions. Apprenticeship A form of training where a new employee works with a more experienced person, and learns under that person's direction. Assets Items of value, including physical and financial property, that are owned by the business. Balance sheet A financial statement that shows the financial makeup and condition of a business at a specific point in time by listing what the business owns, what it owes, and what...
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...telecommunications revenues (up from 3 per cent in 1990). Mobile telephony is one of the high growth market segments of the Egyptian telecommunications sector, having outpaced the growth of fixed-line telephony, which currently stands at 7.5 million lines, growing at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of approximately 14.6 per cent during the period 1995/2000, compared with the staggering CAGR of 169 per cent for mobile telephony during the period 1997/2002 (American Chamber of Commerce in Egypt 2001, p. 14). Since the opening up of the sector to private investment in 1998, the Egyptian mobile telecommunications sector has been host to two of the world’s largest mobile operators, namely France Telecom and Vodafone. The two companies, in partnership with their 88 Egyptian Case Studies 89 Egyptian...
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...------------------------------------------------- Government budget A government budget is a government document presenting the government's proposed revenues and spending for a financial year that is often passed by the legislature, approved by the chief executive or president and presented by the Finance Minister to the nation. The budget is also known as the Annual Financial Statement of the country. This document estimates the anticipated government revenues and government expenditures for the ensuing (current) financial year.[1] For example, only certain types of revenue may be imposed and collected. Property tax is frequently the basis for municipal and county revenues, while sales taxand/or income tax are the basis for state revenues, and income tax and corporate tax are the basis for national revenues. ------------------------------------------------- History[edit] The financial crisis caused by the South Sea Bubble led to the presentation of the government budget under Sir Robert Walpole. Painting by Edward Matthew Ward. The practice of presenting budgets and fiscal policy to parliament was initiated by Sir Robert Walpole in his position as Chancellor of the Exchequer, in an attempt to restore the confidence of the public after the chaos unleashed by the collapse of the South Sea Bubble in 1720.[2] Thirteen years later, Walpole announced his fiscal plans to bring in an excise tax on the consumption of a variety of goods, such as wine and tobacco, and to lessen...
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...PURE GOLD TO BE THE LEADING MINING COMPANY To create value for our shareholders, our employees and our business and social partners through safely and responsibly exploring, mining and marketing our products. Our primary focus is gold and we will pursue value creating opportunities in other minerals where we can leverage our existing assets, skills and experience to enhance the delivery of value. Safety is our first value. We place people first and correspondingly put the highest priority on safe and healthy practices and systems of work. We are responsible for seeking out new and innovative ways to ensure that our workplaces are free of occupational injury and illness. We live each day for each other and use our collective commitment, talents, resources and systems to deliver on our most important commitment ... to care. We are accountable for our actions and undertake to deliver on our commitments. We are focused on delivering results and we do what we say we will do. We accept responsibility and hold ourselves accountable for our work, our behaviour, our ethics and our actions. We aim to deliver high performance outcomes and undertake to deliver on our commitments to our colleagues, business and social partners, and our investors. We treat each other with dignity and respect. We believe that individuals who are treated with respect and who are entrusted to take responsibility respond by giving their best. We seek to preserve people's dignity, their sense...
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...Doing Business in South Korea important disclaimer No person should act or rely upon any matter on information contained in or implied in this publication without first obtaining advice from a qualified adviser that relates specifically to their particular circumstances. This publication should not be regarded as offering a complete explanation of the taxation matters referred to. The publishers and the authors are not responsible for the results either of any actions taken on the basis of information in this publication, nor for any error in or omission from this publication. The publishers and the authors expressly disclaim all and any liability and responsibility to any person, who acts or fails to act as a consequence of reliance upon the whole or any part of the contents of this publication. Contents Chapter 1 – Introduction • Geography • Climate • • • • • • • • • • • 6 6 6 6 7 7 8 8 9 9 10 10 11 ¡ ¢ Language and Currency Legal System Advantages of Investing in Korea Constitution Economy Import Controls Major Exports and Imports Communications Finance Government Policy on Foreign Investment in Korea Exchange Controls Chapter 2–Business Forms Available to Foreign Investment • • • • • • 13 £ ¢ £ ¢ Local Corporation Establishment Private Business Registration Establishment of a Foreign Company's Domestic Branch Directors Registration requirements and filing procedures for public securities Shareholdings by non-residents Chapter 3 – Accounting ...
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...Twelfth Five Year Plan (2012–2017) Economic Sectors Volume II Copyright © Planning Commission (Government of India) 2013 All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or utilised in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or by any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. First published in 2013 by SAGE Publications India Pvt Ltd B1/I-1 Mohan Cooperative Industrial Area Mathura Road, New Delhi 110 044, India www.sagepub.in SAGE Publications Inc 2455 Teller Road Thousand Oaks, California 91320, USA SAGE Publications Ltd 1 Oliver’s Yard, 55 City Road London EC1Y 1SP, United Kingdom SAGE Publications Asia-Pacific Pte Ltd 33 Pekin Street #02-01 Far East Square Singapore 048763 Published by Vivek Mehra for SAGE Publications India Pvt Ltd, Phototypeset in 11/13pt Minion Pro by RECTO Graphics, Delhi and printed at Saurabh Printers, New Delhi. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Available ISBN: 978-81-321-1131-3 (PB) The SAGE Team: Rudra Narayan, Archita Mandal, Rajib Chatterjee and Dally Verghese Twelfth Five Year Plan (2012–2017) Economic Sectors Volume II Planning Commission Government of India Thank you for choosing a SAGE product! If you have any comment, observation or feedback, I would like to personally hear from you. Please write to me at contactceo@sagepub.in —Vivek Mehra, Managing Director and CEO, SAGE Publications India Pvt...
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...The essential facts/rules/regulations the NRIs must know NRI Guide 2012 2012 A Comprehensive Guide for Indians residing outside India Prakash Nair Prakash@yourownadviser.com www.yourownadviser.com . 1|Page NRI GUIDE (Ver 1.00) (A Comprehensive Guide for Indians residing outside India) Prepared by Prakash Nair Prakash@yourownadviser.com www.yourownadviser.com 2|Page NRI Guide 2012 www.yourownadviser.com PREFACE This NRI guide has been compiled with the help of information available in official website of various government departments like Reserve Bank of India, Income Tax Department, Government of Kerala and other reliable sources. I have taken adequate care to provide current and authentic information. This NRI Guide is intended to serve as a ready reference book to guide NRIs on various matters affecting their financial and other related subjects. This does not purport to be a legal document. So I am not sure that, any errors occurred while compiling this reference guide. In case of any variation between what has been stated in this NRI Guide and the relevant Act, Rules, Regulations, Policy Statements, Government Orders/Circulars etc., the latter shall prevail. Kindly note that, rules related to NRIs are subject to change. Errors and omissions are expected. Ver.2 of this NRI Guide will be published soon with more useful information. Prakash Nair Prakash @yourownadviser.com www.yourownadviser.com Date : 12-Jan-2012 Your suggestions,...
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...Ecotourism Investment and Development Models: Donors, NGOs and Private Entrepreneurs Susan Heher smh53@cornell.edu Johnson Graduate School of Management School of Hotel Administration Cornell University December 2003 -1- 1. 1. INTRODUCTION OVERVIEW OF SUSTAINABLE TOURISM AND ECOTOURISM 3 7 7 8 12 15 17 17 20 22 26 27 29 31 32 33 34 36 37 39 39 42 46 55 58 61 64 70 75 77 79 81 SUSTAINABLE TOURISM AND ECOTOURISM COMMUNITY BASED ECOTOURISM THE SCALE OF ECOTOURISM MARKET DEMAND 2. DEVELOPMENT ASSISTANCE FROM DONORS AND AID AGENCIES THE RISE OF DEVELOPMENT ASSISTANCE FOR SUSTAINABLE TOURISM PROJECTS OVERVIEW OF TYPES OF DEVELOPMENT INSTITUTIONS AND ASSISTANCE GOALS AND OBJECTIVES OF DEVELOPMENT AGENCIES AND NGOS THE ROLE OF CONSULTANTS THE PROJECT PROCESS: ANALYSIS AND EVALUATION CONCLUSIONS 3. PRIVATE SECTOR ENTREPRENEURS AND DEVELOPERS PROFILE OF ECOTOURISM ENTREPRENEURS SOURCES OF FINANCING AND CAPITAL STRUCTURE GROWTH, PROFITABILITY AND SUSTAINABILITY: THE ABILITY TO HAVE AN IMPACT CONCLUSIONS 4. 5. HYBRID: NGO VENTURE CAPITAL CASE STUDIES A. INTER-AMERICAN DEVELOPMENT BANK, IADB B. US AGENCY FOR INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT, USAID C. WORLD BANK: LESOTHO D. THE EUROPEAN UNION: SWAZILAND E. WORLD BANK IN SWAZILAND F. THE NATURE CONSERVANCY, TNC G. CONSERVATION INTERNATIONAL, CI H. CONSERVATION CORPORATION AFRICA, CC AFRICA I. TURTLE ISLAND J. MAHO BAY K. KRUGER NATIONAL PARK, MALULEKE COMMUNITY AND MATSWANI SAFARIS 6. CONCLUSION -2- 1. Introduction...
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...The economic impact of EU membership on the UK This note examines the various channels through which membership of the EU affects the UK economy. A general sense of the EU’s economic impact can be gained by reading Section 1 alone. Subsequent sections deal with particular issues, such as the EU’s effect on UK trade relations, in more detail, and compare the UK’s situation with alternative arrangements. Contents 1 Introduction and summary 2 2 Cost-benefit analyses of EU membership 5 3 The effect of the EU on UK trade relations 6 4 Impact of immigration from the EU 16 5 The impact of EU regulation 20 6 Fiscal consequences of EU membership – the EU budget 23 7 The EU’s effect on consumer prices 28 8 Foreign direct investment (FDI) 30 Appendix table: a comparison of the EU with alternative trading arrangements 32 Boxes Would independence over trade policy lead to better results? 15 The EU budget – winners and losers 27 Trade barriers and economic efficiency 29 Related Library briefings Leaving the EU, Research Paper RP13/42 In brief: UK-EU economic relations, Standard Note SN6091 Norway’s relationship with the EU, Standard Note SN6522 Switzerland’s relationship with the EU, Standard Note SN6090 The UK and Europe: time for a new relationship?, Standard Note SN6393 1 Introduction and summary 1.1 Understanding the economic impact of EU membership EU membership...
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