...the English version, there is an official Hindi translation. Dr. Bhimrao Ramji Ambedkar is widely regarded as the father of the Indian Constitution. The Preamble to the Constitution of India is "Declaration of Independence" statement & a brief introductory that sets out the guiding principles & purpose of the document.It is the soul of the Indian Constitution, written by the Father of Indian Constitution Dr. B. R. Ambedkar. Proper function of a Preamble is to explain certain facts which are necessary to be explained before the enactments contained in the Act can be understood.[1] Preamble is not an integral part of the Indian constitution was once decided upon by the Supreme Court of India in the BeruBari case;[2] therefore it is not enforceable in a court of law. However, the Supreme Court of India has, in theKesavananda case, recognised that the preamble may be used to interpret ambiguous areas of the constitution where differing interpretations present themselves. Supreme Court held that the Preamble is an integral part of the Constitution. The preamble-page, along with many other pages of the original Constitution of India, was designed and decorated solely by renowned painter Beohar Rammanohar Sinha . As such, the page bears Beohar Rammanohar Sinha's short signature Ram in Devanagari lower-right corner. The preamble...
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...PREAMBLE We, the sovereign Filipino people, imploring the aid of Almighty God, in order to build a just and humane society, and establish a Government that shall embody our ideals and aspirations, promote the common good, conserve and develop our patrimony, and secure to ourselves and our posterity, the blessings of independence and democracy under the rule of law and a regime of truth, justice, freedom, love, equality, and peace, do ordain and promulgate this Constitution. EXPLANATION: It shall be the sovereign Filipino people basically through the facilities and structures of government and through people’s organization. It is said that the Preamble is not a part of the Constitutions nor a source of rights. But it can certainly be referred to in knowing the aims or purposes of the Constitutions. Dean Vicente Sinco says of the Preamble: “The preamble performs a vital function in a constitution. Its value is not merely formal but real and substantive. It is to the constitution what the enacting clause is to a statue. The authenticity of the authorship of the constitution is made patent in the preamble. Without this or something equivalent to it, the source of authority that gives valid force to the constitutional mandates may lie concealed, perhaps left to the dangers of uncertain conjectures.” Thus, it was pointed out that “general welfare” should really mean “ikabubuti ng nakararami” while “common good” shall mean “ikabubuti ng lahat”. Thus, all efforts and...
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...PREAMBLE WE THE SOVEREIGN FILIPINO PEOPLE, IMPLORING THE AID OF GOD, IN ORDERR TO BUILT A JUST AND HUMANE SOCIETY AND ESTABLISH A GOVERNMENT THAT SHALL EMBODY OUR IDEALS AND ASPIRATIONS,PROMOTE THE COMMON GOOD, CONSERVEV AND DEVELOP OUR PATRIMONY, AND SECURE TO OURSELVES AND OUR POSTERITY THE BLESSINGS OF INDEPENDENCE AND DEMOCRACY UNDER THE RUKE OF LAW AND REGIME OF JUSTICE, FREEDOM, LOVE EQUALITY AND PEACE, DO ORDAIN AND PROMULGATE THIS CONSTITUTION. THE NATIONAL TERRITORY SECTION 1. THE NATIONAL TERRITORY COMPRISES THE PHILIPPINE ARCHIPELAGO, WITH ALL THE ISLANDS AND WATERS EMBRACED THEREIN, AND ALL OTHER TERRITORIES OVERWHICH THE PHILPPINES HAS SOVEREIGNTY OR JURISDICTION, CONSISTING OF ITS TERRESTRIAL, FLUVIAL,AND AERIAL DOMAINS, INCLUDING ITS TERRITORIAL SEA, THE SEABED,THE SUBSOIL, THE INSULAR SHELVES, AND OTHER SUBMARINE AREAS. THE WATERS AROUND, BETWEEN, AND CONNECTING’ THE ISLANDS OF THE ARCHIPELAGO,REGARDLESS OF THEIR BREADTH AND DIMENSIONS, FORM PART OF THE INTERNAL WATERS OF THE PHILS. ARCHIPELAGO- IS A BODY OF WATER STUDDED WITH ISLANDS BASELINES- ARE LINES DRAWN ALONG THE LOW WATER MARK OF AN ISLAND OR GROUP OF ISLANDSWHICH MARK THE END OF THEIR INTERNAL WATERS AND THE BEGINNING OF THE TERRITORIAL SEA. BASELINE LAW- R.A 9522. THIS LAW PROVIDES FOR ONE BASLINE AROUND THE ARCHIPELAGO AND SEPARATE BASELINES FOR THE REGIME OIF ISLANDS OUTSIDE THE ARCHIPELAGO STATE- COMMUNITY OF PERSONS MORE OR LESS NUMEROUS, PERMANENTLY OCCUPYING...
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...Preamble ESIB - the National Unions of Students in Europe is the umbrella organization of 45 national unions of students from 34 countries and through these members represent over 10 million students. The aim of ESIB is to represent and promote the educational, social, economic and cultural interests of students at a European level towards all relevant bodies and in particular the European Union, Council of Europe and UNESCO. Introduction This term paper aims at providing clear guidance on making higher education a social inclusive activity. The social dimension is important to ESIB as still too many capable students are excluded from the higher education system due to their background, insufficient study support systems or other barriers. Five steps will be proposed to reach one final goal: creating a higher education community that is based on fairness and quality. Definitions Widening access: An umbrella term for the efforts of higher education institutions, governments and others to increase the participation in higher education, especially for underrepresented groups. This includes internal and curricular reform, affirmative action, promoting, the use of qualifications frameworks, etc. Equity of access: The ultimate goal of attempts to widen access or to utilize affirmative action tools. Equity of access represents the idea that all have a right to higher education, and that all barriers (whether formal or informal, visible or invisible, theoretical or practical...
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...The preamble to the Constitution sets forth the purpose behind our nation’s founding of a new government. While each statement has a main objective it wishes to pursue, the different sides of the political spectrum have various ways of achieving these end goals. Conservatives value traditional practices, while a liberal thinks there should be an increased opportunity for change. These two sides are very dissimilar, but there is also a moderate side. These people usually have a middle view for the two opinions of the liberals and conservatives. The statements of the preamble allow for these political sides to have choices on how they wish to get to the intended goal. The first purpose of the preamble is “to establish justice.” The conservative view of this statement is to have freedom for the innocent without exploiting their rights. In a court case, an innocent man should be able to walk free without going through multiple trials. The liberal view of establishing justice is to expand rights for a more just society. This means that all rights and laws should be considered while deciding the fate of a person. For this statement, the moderate view is to be guaranteed a fair treatment no matter the person. Everyone should be...
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...Declaration of Independence Preamble In the course of recent events, we, the kids decided to declare independence from our parents. Our parents have been breaking the Universal Laws of Parentship for quite some time and they should be punished. When we overthrow the evil parental rule, we will make sure that the new generation of kids will be well cared for. Statement of Child Rights In the book of Child Rights it clearly states that all kids are created equal. But our parents think that some of us are better than others. They dare favor the small and blond kids over the fat black haired kids. We also feel that the 31st part of the Book of Rights is being violated. Our parents take 50% of our pocket money which is unacceptable. Our...
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...The Constitutional philosophy changed much through the years between the Revolution and the signing of the Constitution. Most of this was do to the historical events and writings going on at that time. I will explain how “Common Sense”, Preamble of the Declaration of Independence, State constitutions, The Articles of Confederation, and The Annapolis Convention affected the Constitution. The early philosophy of the American Constitution was to preserve and maintain the power of the individual states. They wanted to keep the possibility of a main power or tyranny very low. Thomas Paine’s “Common Sense” is what sparked the idea for a constitution and independence. It contained that there should be an elected President and national Congress,...
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...The Government's Duty “Government’s first duty is to protect the people, not run their lives” (Ronald Reagan). This quote means that the government’s first priority should be to protect the people not take ultimate control. The Preamble to the United States constitution is a perfect example of this concept, because it outlines the government's purpose. The Government is perfectly reflected through the quote above. The purpose of government is to promote citizens to be healthy and happy. Popular thinkers, such as Thomas Hobbes and John Locke, during the Enlightenment Period took a more secular approach to focus on where the government gets its authority. The government altogether gets its power from the people,...
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...We the people, three simple words that hold up an entire country. The Constitution of the United States was ratified in 1787. Split up into three distinct parts, this document setup a way of governing that the United States government has followed for the past 230 years. The three parts of the Constitution include the preamble, the articles, and the Bill of Rights. The most important of these being the preamble, for it gives a promise to the one thing America needs to keep going, its people. The framers of the Constitution included this promise to ensure America’s future. Unfortunately, the government has failed to keep this promise that has been 230 years in the making. The preamble of the constitution is known by nearly every American. Within...
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...simply states why the document is being written. The Founders thought they should tell their government why they felt the need to leave. Looking into the details, we see very elegant writing. From this, you can see that the Founders were well educated. The Founders also included in their introduction their strong belief in religious freedom. This document is written out of respect for the government that persecuted the writers. The end states “decent respect to the opinions of mankind requires that they should declare the causes which impel them to the separation.” The next part of The Declaration of Independence is called the Preamble. The Preamble includes the reasons behind the Declaration, many of them being from John Locke, a famous philosopher. These ideas are not only directed towards the United States, they are directed towards every nation. The Preamble is one of the most important texts ever written; it exemplifies all inherent rights of people to live, govern themselves, and have liberty. These rights include life, independence, and happiness. The government does not give you these things. The people own the government and control it, the government does not own the people. The section...
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...European policy responses Until September 2008, European policy measures were limited to a small number of countries (Spain and Italy). In both countries, the measures were dedicated to households (tax rebates) reform of the taxation system to support specific sectors such as housing. The European Commission proposed a €200 billion stimulus plan to be implemented at the European level by the countries. At the beginning of 2009, the UK and Spain completed their initial plans, while Germany announced a new plan. On September 29, 2008 the Belgian, Luxembourg and Dutch authorities partially nationalized Fortis. The German government bailed out Hypo Real Estate. On 8 October 2008 the British Government announced a bank rescue package of around £500 billion[74] ($850 billion at the time). The plan comprises three parts. The first £200 billion would be made in regards to the banks in liquidity stack. The second part will consist of the state government increasing the capital market within the banks. Along with this, £50 billion will be made available if the banks needed it, finally the government will write away any eligible lending between the British banks with a limit to £250 billion. In early December German Finance Minister Peer Steinbrück indicated that he does not believe in a "Great Rescue Plan" and indicated reluctance to spend more money addressing the crisis.[75] In March 2009, The European Union Presidency confirms that the EU is strongly resisting the US pressure to...
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...Nov. 2016 What makes something compelling? The feeling we get from reading it? Or is it the undeniable factual information we gain from the material? Either of these examples can be found littered among the Declaration of Independence. A majority of people can argue how inspirational, motivational the Declaration can be to readers. Anyone who denies this in America fears a patriotic riot chasing them southbound. But what about the Preamble? The little sister to the Declaration. There is no refusing the Declaration of Independence is far more compelling than the Preamble. “All men are created equal,” (prg. 3) An excerpt from the Declaration itself. These are some of the most famous words in the history of this country. These words have influenced our country's entire culture. America simply could not be the same without this document inspiring us to take the next step in human...
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...Compelling means to evoke interest or admiration in a powerful irresistible way. Two historical and compelling passages can be found in part two of The Declaration of Independence, credited to Thomas Jefferson and The Preamble to the Constitution written by another of our founding fathers Gouverneur Morris. Modern audiences of 2018 would be compelled to read The Declaration of Independence is because of its importance in American history. The Declaration of Independence has a historical significance, it is not just any document, it is a moment in time where the people could not stay quiet for a moment longer. Our founding fathers risked their lives and the lives of their families to write this document that would ensure the people's freedom. For example, the most famous quote that modern audiences can recall to this day is “ We hold these truths to be self-evident that all men are created equal, that we are endowed by our creator with certain unalienable rights.” This is what the audience found most compelling about this document, even though it...
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...Department of Agriculture (USDA), published a rule, for comment, that proposed a maximum sugar content specifically for authorized cereals used in the Special Supplement Food Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC Program) ( Chocolate Manufacturers Association v. Block). Under WIC, the USDA designs food packages reflecting the different nutritional needs of women, infants, and children and provides grants to state or local agencies to distribute cash or vouchers to qualifying individuals in accordance with the Departmental regulations regarding the quantity and type of food ( Chocolate Manufacturers Association v. Block). In addition to the rule, the USDA published a preamble which discussed the general purpose of the rule and problems associated with high sugar foods. Neither the proposed rule nor its preamble discussed sugar in relation to flavored milk, although the rule did include flavored milk in the list of approved food packages for women and children without special dietary needs ( Chocolate Manufacturers Association v. Block). Responding to public comments, the USDA deleted flavored milk from the approved packages list in the final rule (Chocolate Manufacturers Association v. Block). The Chocolate Manufacturers Association (CMA) sought relief from the rule in district court arguing first that the USDA did not provide notice that this disallowance of flavored milk would be considered, and second that the USDA gave no reasoned justification for changing its position...
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...The Texas Constitution, which is much like the United States constitution but amended 467 times, includes a preamble and sixteen articles. The preamble to the U.S constitution starts with, “We the People of the United States” and establishes the beginning of the U.S. Constitution. The Preamble for Texas Constitution is, “Humbly invoking the blessing of almighty God, the people of the State of Texas do ordain and establish this Constitution”. Two completely different preambles but both have the same meaning. Differences between the U.S and Texas Constitution are The Presidency is very strong in the U.S. Constitution, the U.S. Constitution is rarely amended, and the U.S. Constitutions power is reserved in the States, versus the governorship is weak in Texas, the Texas constitution has had six constitutions with 467 amendments, and the court system in Texas is complicated and confusing. These constitutions do have more similarities than differences though. They are similar because they both include things like a separation of power...
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