...Predictive Policing By Amiracle L. Grace CIS500 Information Systems for Decision Making Professor Constance Blanson Strayer University July 16, 2014 ABSTRACT You will briefly read about Table of Contents Introduction 4 Application of IT 5 Four IS Functions 6 IT and Crime Prevention 7 SWOT Analysis 7 Future of Predictive Policing 8 REFERENCES 9 Introduction In previous and the most recent years, police officers have increased their use of new technologies to become more effective when it comes to reducing crime. The oldest technology that has been used is COMPSTAT formerly known as Computer Statistics. COMPSTAT has been around to implement strategies in law enforcement on stopping crime before it starts. COMPSTAT builds onto the UCR (Uniform Crime Report) to analyze which crime is being mostly committed, the county (or city), which age group and ethnicity is committing those crimes. COMPSTAT relies on human recognition patterns based on past crimes (Goode, 2011). In 1994, COMPSTAT was developed within the New York Police Departments. The New York Police Department used COMPSTAT to manage crime. COMPSTAT has been proven to be extremely effective within the New York Police Department. It has become a great success in controlling crimes and its disorder within the police jurisdiction. COMPSTAT is used for strategic decision-making when targeting crime in areas of the city. COMPSTAT is a database that includes daily crime counts by each precinct (Henry, ). In the beginning...
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...Crimes have been committed since the beginning of time. Early crime fighting or policing had the task of solving crimes with limited resources. Police departments for a long time used telephones, two way radios and vehicles to solve crimes, but as technology evolved, so did policing. Policing “is more streamlined and efficient now that computers play a major role in the way police officers work” (Brown, 2013). Police departments now utilize information technologies like dashboard cameras, laptops in their vehicles, GPS units, forensics work and fingerprint and criminal databases. CompStat is an information technology strategy that was adopted in New York City in 1994. It allows the police department to map areas where crimes occur, identify problem areas and “hotspots” within the city. It essentially predicts a crime before it happens. This allows the department to place officers in the proper areas, so that arrests can be made or so that crimes can be avoided. Police officers are more equipped to fight crime with information technology just performing random patrols of the streets. CompStat gives officers specific details so that they know exactly where to direct their attention. Simply patrolling the streets allows officers to have more of a community presence and build relationships with citizens of the city. CompStat’s output is based on past crimes, so patrolling the streets would make officers more accessible to adrress crimes that are happening for the first...
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...Predictive Policing By Jamia Yant April 13th, 2012 In order to effectively compare and contrast the application of information technology (IT) to optimize police departments’ performance to reduce crime versus random patrols of the streets, we first have to look at exactly what information technology is available to police today. The term predictive policing is the name given to “any policing strategy or tactic that develops and uses information and advanced analysis to inform forward-thinking crime prevention”. (Predictive Policing Symposium, 2010) The five elements of predictive policing focusing on are integrated information and operations, seeing the big picture, cutting-edge analysis and technology, linkage to performance, adaptability to changing conditions. There are a very large number of ways technology used to implement these five elements: patrol staffing and resource allocation, time and location of future incidence in a crime pattern, identify individuals who are likely to reoffend/early detection of career criminals, analysis of predatory patterns, threat and vulnerability assessment, city/neighborhood planning, traffic management, crowd control …and the list goes on. In a world where technology is developing and evolving faster than it can be implemented, it is realistic to assume that the police force would adapt and use that technology to place them in a good position to be able to adequately and effectively do its job. The first element...
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...Understanding Predictive Policing Christian Turner CIS 500 - Information Systems Decision Making Dr. Edwin Otto 10/23/13 In today's fast-paced world, we are always looking for ways to improve the processes that we have in place. Not only to make these processes more efficient, but to also have a more effective way to complete tasks from the smallest detail to the largest project. With the influx of importance on information technology in our society, it is no surprise that we can use software for process improvement as well. Predictive policing is a perfect example of this combination of a proven process and information technology coming together to create an effective tool. Compstat (COMPuter STATistics) is one such tool that has optimized police departments abilities to predict and reduce crime when compared to random street patrols. Our society is sophisticated on many levels and crime is no different. Just as we have advancements on the positive aspects of life, the negative aspects are advancing right alongside. Predictive policing, "taking data from disparate sources, analyzing them and then using the results to anticipate, prevent and respond more effectively to future crime", can and has been a great positive advancement for mitigating and in some cases stopping crime altogether. Pearsall, B. (2010, May). "Predictive policing entails becoming less reactive. "The predictive vision moves law enforcement from focusing on what happened to focusing on what will happen and...
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...Predictive Policing Elizabeth Lancaster Strayer University Information Systems for Decision Making CIS500 Dr. Rose July 10, 2014 Predictive Policing Predictive policing, in essence, is taking data from disparate sources, analyzing them and then using the results to anticipate, prevent and respond more effectively to future crime (Pearsall, n.d). In an attempt to effectively compare and contrast the application of information technology (IT) to optimize police departments’ performance to reduce crime versus random patrols of the streets, first you need to examine what information technology is available to police today. The term predictive policing is the name given to “any policing strategy or tactic that develops and uses information and advanced analysis to inform forward-thinking crime prevention” (Predictive Policing Symposium, 2010). Information technology is “the collection of computing systems used by the organization” (Turban & Volonino, 2011). Information technology (IT) is used to optimize the performance of police departments’ and reduce crime where prior to information technology, it was necessary for police officers to physically, patrol the streets in random locations in order to reduce crime. Police use information technology tools at almost every stage, including allocation of sources, patrolling, crime prevention, crime tracking, hot pursuits, and crime solving. New technologies have changed drastically in our ways of thinking, our perceptions, our...
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...1. Compare and contrast the application of information technology (IT) to optimize police departments’ performance to reduce crime versus random patrols of the streets. Information Technology and Performance optimization of Police department Increase in crime rate, which is widespread demands policing to be proactive rather than reactive. It requires change from traditional to strong strategically methods combined with better intelligence. This initially led to the innovation of predictive policing in 1994 by NYPD. NIJ defines Predictive Policing as “taking data from disparate sources, analyzing them and then using the results to anticipate, prevent and respond more effectively to future crime” This paved way for evolution of COMPSTAT (Computer Statistics) which used all crime related data as its input to anticipate a crime. (Willis, J., et al, 2004) Traditional methods include random patrolling which has limited ability to identify crime because patrolling entire location may not be possible. This would involve additional Police personnel and lot of time. Accurate anticipation, timely targeted action and reduce resources for random patrolling turns into achievable goals. 2. Describe how COMPSTAT, as an information system (IS), implements the four (4) basic IS functions: Input - Data gathering process which is building block of COMPSTAT comprises of information compiled from variety of sources like police incidents, arrest reports, suspect debriefing, telephone...
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...PREDICTIVE POLICING STEFANIE SHEFFIELD KEGAN SAMUEL CIS 500 APRIL 21, 2014 Compare and contrast the application of information technology (IT) to optimize police departments’ performance to reduce crime versus patrols on the street. The process of using the application of information technology (IT) to optimize police departments’ performance is known as Predictive Policing. “Predictive policing, in essence, is taking data from disparate sources, analyzing them and then using the results to anticipate, prevent and respond more effectively to future crime.” (Pearsall, 2010) This technology allows police to predict the problem areas and place officers in those areas in an effort to deter the predicted crimes. Quit simply put, it enable law enforcement agents to be proactive as opposed to reactive. “Predictive policing entails becoming less reactive. The predictive vision moves law enforcement from focusing on what happened to focusing on what will happen and how to effectively deploy resources in front of crime, thereby changing outcomes," (Pearsall, 2010) In comparison to just placing beat cops on random corners, not knowing what could occur, predictive policing is definitely enables officers to anticipate what may occur, allowing them to optimize their police resources. Describe how COMPSTAT, as an information system (IS) implements the (4) basic IS functions: Input, Processing, Output, and Feedback. “The CompStat model is a management process within a performance...
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...Predictive Policing CIS 500 Information System Decision Making January 16, 2013 In an effort to effectively compare and contrast the application of information technology (IT) to optimize police departments’ performance to reduce crime versus random patrols of the streets, we first need to examine what information technology is available to police and further more what information technology means. Information technology is “the collection of computing systems used by an organization” (Turban & Volonino, 2011). According to the Omega Group, who does analysis and mapping with patrol and fire response for successful implementation strategies, the definition of predictive policing as stated by NIJ (A National Discussion on Predictive Policing) is “any policing strategy or tactic that develops and uses information and advanced analysis to inform forward-thinking crime prevention” [ (Silva, 2012) ]. Technology is used in conjunction with predictive policing to implement different information and operations such as crowd control, police patrol, early detection of repeat offenders, traffic control and management, and even neighborhood watches. Today information technology (IT) is used to optimize the performance of police departments’ and reduce crime however in the past random patrols of the streets was the way that police reduced crimes. Before the 90’s New York City had a high crime rate but since the implementation of a data driven management model named COMPSTAT the...
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...Predictive Policing By Jamia Yant April 13th, 2012 According to mirriam-webster dictionary, optimization means “an act, process, or methodology of making something (as a design, system, or decision) as fully perfect, functional, or effective as possible” So if we compare the optimization of the police force by using information technology versus random patrol of street we have to look at what each is. For the use of application technology we also have to look at what kind of technology is available for use by the police force today. One of the most commonly used term is predictive policing. Predictive policing is “any policing strategy or tactic that develops and uses information and advanced analysis to inform forward-thinking crime prevention”. (Predictive Policing Symposium, 2010) There are five elements that are focused on predictive policing. They are: * Integrated information and operations * Seeing the big picture * Cutting edge analysis and technology * Linkage to performance * Adaptibility to changing conditions. There are mnay ways in which technology is used to implement these elements. Some of them are looking at the time and and location of future indcidence in crime pattern or series Identifying individuals likely to reoffend, social network analysis and early identifications of carreer criminals etc. Looking at the broad picture of predictive policing we can see that it would not have been possible without information technology...
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...Predictive Policing Information Technology deals with the use of computers and telecommunications to store, retrieve and transmit information. New IT capabilities (e.g., e-commerce and social networks) strongly influence competitive strategies and the efficiency of operations. New IT developments are important to all business disciplines because they trigger changes in marketing, operations, e-commerce, logistics, human resources, finance, accounting, and relationships with customers and business partners. Nothing about business or corporate strategy is untouched by IT. Information technology is used in a wide variety of business organizations like Wal-Mart, Galeries Lafayette. The IT has also been applied to optimize police departments’ performance to reduce crime. The following points illustrate the use of IT to optimize police departments’ performance to reduce crime. • It stores the data of the previous crimes in a single location for easy access. Whereas with street patrolling accessing of data regarding previous crimes takes some extra efforts as the data is not in a single location. • We can apply certain logics and calculations on the collected data to come up with some predictions. With street patrolling, based on the previous data and experience we come up with some predictions • The output of such a prediction is a report that gives the location and time of where the crime will occur. With street patrolling no such reports are available and the prediction is...
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...This paper will compare and contrast the application of information technology (IT) to optimize police departments’ performance to reduce crime versus random patrols of the streets. It will describe how COMSTAT as an information system (IS) implements the four (4) basic (IS) functions; and it will determine how information systems have allowed police departments that implement tools such as COMPSTAT to respond to crime faster. Finally, this paper will apply the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats analysis (SWOT analysis) on behalf of police departments that intend to implement predictive policing. Compare and contrast the application of information technology (IT) to optimize police departments’ performance to reduce crime versus random patrols of the streets. Information technology is used by a lot of business organizations for its use of computers and telecommunications to store, retrieve and transmit information. In fact, its e-commerce and social network capabilities strongly influence competitive strategies and the efficiency of operations. As a result, police departments have applied IT in an effort to optimize their departments’ performance to reduce crime. To do so, police departments are using IT for the following reasons: it stores the data of the previous crimes in a single location for easy access, but with street patrolling accessing of data regarding previous crimes takes some extra efforts because the data is not in a single location...
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...adequately and effectively do its job via predictive analyses of crime trends. Integrating information and operations removes information pitfalls, and allows for faster and easier access to relevant information. Predictive policing focuses on developing, managing, and operating an integrated information infrastructure; thus avoiding one of the largest IT pitfalls of any organization: having information isolated with departments. Information needs to be cross-functional and readily accessible. Multiple information sources need to be merged into police analytical systems. Lack of information sharing can prevent effective data-analysis and hinder investigations. Keywords: CompStat, Predictive Policing, Information Systems, ISIT, networking, infrastructure, data analysis, crime prevention, criminal justice Compare and contrast the application of information technology (IT) to optimize police departments’ performance to reduce crime versus random patrol of the streets. To effectively compare and contrast the application of Information Technology (IT) in optimizing police departments’ performance related to crime reduction versus random street patrols, it is important to understand what information technology police have available. ‘Predictive Policing’ refers to “any policing strategy or tactic that develops and uses information and advanced analysis to inform forward-thinking crime prevention” (Morgan, Predictive Policing Symposium: The Future of Prediction in Criminal...
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...Term Paper: Predictive Policing Sherrell Hall Dr. Kaali Dass CIS-500: Information System Decision Making April 21, 2014 When one thinks of predictive policing, what does he or she think about? Some may think it’s a way for police officers to know of a crime that’s going to take place. Others may think a group of policeman will gather together and come up with predictions on what crime is going to take place next and where. While both statements are somewhat true, let’s take a look at what predictive policing is and compare and contrast the application of information technology to optimize police departments’ performance to reduce crime versus random patrols of the streets. We’ll also take a look at COMPSTAT, define it, and discuss the basic IS functions in addition to how it allows police departments to respond to crime faster. In addition to COMPSTAT and its functions, we’ll discuss the SWOT analysis. Part I: Compare and Contrast the application of information technology (IT) to optimize police departments’ performance to reduce crime versus random patrols of the streets. Predictive policing is “taking data from disparate sources, analyzing them and then using the results to anticipate, prevent, and respond more effectively to future crime” (Pearsall, 2010). In other words, predictive policing is analyzing all of the data from crimes and using it to predict when the next crime(s) will occur. This is proven to decrease the crime rate. For instance, in Santa Cruz,...
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...significant and expected based on historical data. Adding new things into the world will always create at least a minor resistance to change in which some people, namely criminals, take advantage of that fact and commit crimes. This is done partially because they are trying to beat the system to get more from it than what they put in; however, this new innovation works for more than just criminals. A powerful example of how innovation and information technology can help fight crime in an efficient, cost effective way, is through predictive policing. Predictive policing is the concept of utilizing historical data and algorithms to determine where future crimes will likely occur (Pearsall, 2010). This concept has the potential for major growth and success all over the world because it is based on historical data, which police departments have in masses (National Institute of Justice, 2012). Information technology is not only used with predictive policing, but all over the department. For instance, processing criminals into massive unified databases that are available all over the world has transformed a small police station into an effective location as efficient as the New York Police Department with one hundred times the police presence. IT is used in all aspects of police work, from centralized databases as mentioned previously, to RFID tracking of bait cars used in thievery cases. If IT was taken out of the police department, the stations would have minimal capability of...
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...Assignment 1: Predictive Policing marta dawit CIS 500 October 15, 2013 Predictive policing is the application of logical techniques particularly measureable technique to identify likely goal for police interference crime or successfully past crimes by making statistical predictions. The use of statistical and geospatial analyses to forecast crime levels has been around for decades. Since having happened not long years, however, there has been a surge of interest in diagnostic tools that draw on very large data sets to make predictions in reinforce of crime prevention. These tools constantly increase police departments’ confidence on information technology (IT) to collect, maintain, and analyze those data sets, however. These analytical tools, and the IT that supports them strongly, are largely developed by and for the commercial world. In addition Most Universities and technology companies have created computer programs IT based on private-sector models of forecasting consumer behavior. Businesses use predictive analytics to determine sales plans. For example, take one of the bigger company like BJS analyzes weather patterns to determine what it stocks in stores, bottled water, overstocking duct tape, and strawberry Pop-Tarts before major weather events. The first two items are expected, but the Pop-Tarts represent a non-obvious relationship. These relationships are uncovered through statistical analyses of previous customer purchases during similar major weather events...
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