...Desiree Green Laura Sanders Writing 222 12 August 2013 EARLY EDUCATION Abstract Social scientists have posited that education can make a significant and long-lasting difference on the lives of children, especially those who experience poverty (Barnett, 1995; Brooks-Gunn, 2003; Karoly, et al, 1998). In recent years, policymakers and researchers in the United States have re-examined the role that quality early education can play in the lives of young children, primarily those growing up in poverty (Rouse, Brooks-Gunn, & McLanahan, 2005). Specifically, some have argued that high quality education and care programs that begin early in life have the potential to close gaps in school achievement that often exist between poor and minority children and their middle-class, mostly White, counterparts (Magnuson & Waldfogel, 2005).Based on these conclusions, U.S. policymakers and practitioners interested in improving the lives of poor children have considered the possibility that early education programs may contribute to solving the myriad of problems that growing up in poverty poses. This paper will examine the benefits of early education and the arguments against early education and references or in text citation with bibliography. Introduction During early years, children go through critical stages of development, and consistent, high-quality early education can have long-lasting, beneficial effects on the overall development of children. Choosing a preschool in which...
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...Race and Poverty: Factors of the African American Achievement Gap Abstract The proposed action research study will pinpoint factors that contribute to the African American academic achievement gap. These factors impact not only the lives of families in the African American community but continues a vicious cycle of generations of poverty that hinders our country’s ability to effectively compete economically and also threatens America’s capacity to provide social equality for all. The participants in this study will comprise of parents and students of highly concentrated poverty - low academically performing African American public schools. Thirty two parents and thirty two students from eight low performing-poverty schools in the research study will be interviewed and surveyed online. Collected information and data will be researched employing qualitative and quantitative practices. Introduction There was a time when children of color were denied the hope and expectation of equal education because of racial isolation and discrimination in America’s education system. Although it’s been well over 50 years since Brown –vs.- The Board of Education which established equal education for all, today we are still faced with large racial disparities in reading and math proficiency between African American children and their thriving white contemporaries. This purpose of this study is to illustrate the connection that occurs between race and poverty with the academic...
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...environments throughout the nation. 1. Active Learning 2. After-School Opportunities 3. Alternative Schooling 4. Career and Technology Education (CTE) 5. Early Childhood Education 6. Early Literacy Development 7. Educational Technology 8. Family Engagement 9. Individualized Instruction 10. Mentoring/Tutoring 11. Professional Development 12. Safe Learning Environments 13. School-Community Collaboration 14. Service-Learning 15. Systemic Renewal School and Community Perspective Safe Learning Environments A comprehensive violence prevention plan, including conflict resolution, must deal with potential violence as well as crisis management. A safe learning environment provides daily experiences, at all grade levels, that enhance positive social attitudes and effective interpersonal skills in all students. What Is A Safe Learning Environment? It is difficult to create a balance between a safe school and a welcoming, caring environment. It is important to create a school climate that does not tolerate bullying, intimidation, and terrorism. Students who are afraid often stay away from school. A safe learning environment is focused on academic achievement, maintaining high standards, fostering positive relationships between staff and students, and encouraging parental and community involvement. Resolving conflict and preventing violence are important factors in creating a safe learning environment. Students respond to conflict by...
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...School Readiness Factor and Practice of Children in Families n southeast Nigeria were made based on the research findings. KEYWORDS: xraying, school readiness, practice, children, families Introduction (Background of the study) Readiness is a term used to describe preparation for what is next to take place. School readiness factor and practice of children are the preparation, practice and teaching to the individual child to be ready for school in the family, though according to experts, readiness has no single definition. Karoly,, Kilburn, Cannon (2005) experts identify that readiness is a multifaceted concept that goes beyond academic and cognitive skills to include physical, social, and emotional development, as well as approaches to learning. X-raying school readiness factor and practice of children in families (a case study of Southeast Nigeria) is a proper and careful extraction of how children...
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...alternative schooling, outlines the development and evolution of the Montessori method and philosophy, and validates the methodology in research, providing a side-by-side comparison for examination of relative strengths and weaknesses of the program. For 21st century school reformists seeking alternative methods of education or an individualized, child-centered curriculum, Montessori presents itself as an adaptive, hands-on, future-friendly option for the democratic community as it evolves toward offering a full preschool to secondary public program. Keywords: Montessori, constructivism, independence, Dewey, progressive, alternative education Montessori: Evolving Toward a Public Secondary School in the 21st Century Since the time of early philosophers such as Socrates, Aristotle and Plato, to whom we can trace the traditional subjects of the common core curriculum, there have been heated political and social debates surrounding the field of education. Rather than being discouraged by their recurrent nature, academic planners and developers must examine these questions anew to refresh our views and test our assumptions about the necessary directions of education in current society. One of the most basic questions at the heart of this discussion is, what are the aims or purposes of education? In order to create an effective program of education, we must work backwards from these desired goals to develop appropriate strategies for achievement, examining the implications and...
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...Personal Views on Justice and Ethics What influences the decisions we make? What foundation do we set to govern our choices? These questions surface when looking at the impact personal views have on the decisions made in our society. Many people find that their personal views are formed at an early age and shaped by environment. Views of justice and injustice are individualized across the human population, however there is usually a common, shared idea of justice at a community setting. For example, cultural groups may share a common view towards criminal punishment. It is through these shared ideas that our personal views start to develop with a base. It then becomes a personal journey to expand on this base and to form individualized and critical views on what is believed to be justice, injustice, right, or wrong. My views have been shaped mainly on environmental aspects, which include: family, upbringing, social class, religious affiliation, education, social norms of my generation, and taking bits and pieces of other views from those who I respect. As with many others, my personal views of justice started to develop at an early age with my family and environment. Family plays such a vital role in forming an individual in numerous aspects, especially from a psychological point of view. In fact, psychologist Erik Erikson formulated his psychosocial theory and stages on the conflicts a person experiences in his or her environment and its influences on human development. Keeping...
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...Acknowledgements This report would not have been possible without the support of two research assistants, Caroline Scott and Karin Barty. We thank them for their enthusiasm for the project and the many hours they spent searching the literature. The Early Childhood Education Research Team would also like to acknowledge the parents, primary school teachers, school principals, early childhood professionals and other support staff who were willing to provide their views on what they considered to be a successful transition to school. A very special thank you to the kindergarten teachers who, at the time, were very busy writing Transition Learning and Development Statements yet somehow put time aside to answer our questions. Finally, we would like to acknowledge the support and colleagueship provided by the Department of Education and Early Childhood Development, especially Pippa Procter, Gina Suntesic and Karen Weston. This has been an interesting and stimulating project for us all. The Early Childhood Education Research Team Victoria University December, 2009 Table of Contents Acknowledgements Introduction • Background • Purpose Methodology • Literature Review • Participants • Data Collection • Victorian Early Years Learning & Development Framework (Victorian Framework) • Outcomes • Indicators • Measures • Tables Outcomes & Indicators of a Positive Start to School • For Children • For Families • For Educators • Table 1: Outcomes & indicators of a positive start to school...
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...or by submitting a copyright request form accessible at http://www.sedl.org/about/copyright_request.html on the SEDL Web site. This publication was produced in whole or in part with funds from the Institute of Education Sciences, U.S. Department of Education, under contract number ED-01-CO-0009. The content herein does not necessarily reflect the views of the U.S. Department of Education, or any other agency of the U.S. government, or any other source. To the late Susan McAllister Swap For more than 20 years, Sue worked tirelessly with both parents and educators, exploring how to develop closer, richer, deeper partnerships. In her last post, she directed with distinction the Center on Families, Communities, Schools, and Children’s Learning at Wheelock...
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...5 Performance measurement Nonprofit organizations need to view revenue as a resource needed to achieve their missions. Obviously, revenues must exceed expenses over the long-term or an NPO will not survive. —Glenn Rowe Key Topics: balanced score card, customer feedback, competitive comparison, strategic objectives, blue ocean strategy W hat makes an organization “good” at what it does? Or, as Jim Collins (2001) would ask, “What makes an organization great?” Most would acknowledge that accountability, effectiveness, and achievement of desired performance outcomes are minimal requirements for any organization’s success. These requirements demand a measurement system relative to an organization’s mission, vision, values, and strategic plan. This chapter discusses methods for establishing such systems. In doing so, we echo Worth’s (2012) concern that “nonprofit managers must be committed to performance measurement but should not become overly focused on it to the detriment of delivering their mission’s programs” (p. 157). Performance measurement Process Before engaging in performance measurement, it is vital to understand the level and scope of the process. Measurement can be conducted for effectiveness or performance at the program/project or organizational level. Effectiveness relates to achieving the mission, while performance is a broader concept that considers financial results and other variables related to the overall organization. Once the scope and level of...
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...Community Nursing in the 53218 Zip code University of Wisconsin – Milwaukee College of Nursing NURS 415 David Deau, Elizabeth Kuss, Blessing Lee, PaKou Lo, Nygil Matthews, Terresa Novak, Dami Olaniyi, Edith Sardea, Tiffany Theard, and Houa Xiong November 30, 2012 Community Nursing in the 53218 Zip code Each community has its own positive and negative features. The zip code community of 53218 is no exception. Some of those positive features of the 53218 community has prospective features such as its existing available clinics, multipurpose community centers, such as the Silver Spring Community Center, and numerous outreach programs through organizations including Growing Power and the Milwaukee Outreach Center. Unfortunately, it is still considered one of ten zip codes in the Milwaukee County designated in the “lower socioeconomic status” group as reported in the Milwaukee Health Report (Chen, et al., 2011). The lower SES group, including 53218, as a whole is at risk for (1) a growing rate of obesity related to a poor nutritional lifestyle, (2) a continually decreasing gynecological health among the female population between ages 12 and 19 related to a lack of enforced education and rising teen pregnancy-related issues, and (3) a consistently low level of neighborhood safety related to motor vehicle accidents and rising crime rates. Community Strengths The community of 53218 has three main areas of strength: (1) several available clinics, (2) an abundance...
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...A LITERATURE REVIEW OF THE IMPACT OF EARLY YEARS PROVISION ON YOUNG CHILDREN, WITH EMPHASIS GIVEN TO CHILDREN FROM DISADVANTAGED BACKGROUNDS Edward C. Melhuish Institute for the Study of Children, Families & Social Issues Birkbeck, University of London Prepared for the National Audit Office The views expressed in this paper are not necessarily those of the National Audit Office. Address of author Institute for the Study of Children, Families & Social Issues 7 Bedford Square London WC1B 3RA Email: e.melhuish@bbk.ac.uk Table of Contents Executive Summary 3 1. Introduction 1.1. The context of childcare research 1.2 Types of childcare and pre-school provision 1.3 Evidence on developmental effects 1.4 Structure of report 7 7 8 10 10 2. Childcare as intervention 2.1 Research methodology 2.2 Randomised Control Trials (RCTs) 2.2.1 Ypsilanti/High Scope/Perry Pre-school Study 2.2.2 Abecedarian Project 2.2.3 Project CARE 2.2.4 Milwaukee Project 2.2.5 Infant Health and Development Program (IHDP) 2.2.6 Early Head Start (EHS) 2.2.7 Hackney study Table 1: Summary of Randomised Control Trials of Interventions 2.3 Quasi-experimental Studies 2.3.1 Head Start 2.3.2 Chicago Child – Parent Center Program 2.3.3 Syracuse Study 2.3.4 Brookline Early Education Project 2.3.5 Diverse State-based programmes in the US 2.3.6 Meta-analyses and reviews Table 2: Summary of Quasi-experimental Evaluations of Interventions 2.3.7 Summary...
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...English Language Learner (ELL) cases in Instructional Consultation (IC) Teams schools. Archival data from 838 cases (12% of which were ELL cases) within five mid-Atlantic public school districts implementing IC Teams were analyzed for outcomes using logistic regression. Results included statistically significant differences in ELL versus non-ELL student initial team referral (IC or other prereferral intervention team) and ultimate IEP Team referrals. Initial referral concerns also differed significantly between ELL and non-ELL students. IC Teams were found to be more effective than existing prereferral intervention teams in decreasing the special education referrals of ELL and non-ELL students. The results of the present study serve as a foundation for future research in the areas of at-risk ELL students and their referrals to prereferral intervention teams and special education. ENGLISH LANGUAGE LEARNER SPECIAL EDUCATION REFERRAL AND PLACEMENT OUTCOMES IN INSTRUCTIONAL CONSULTATION TEAMS SCHOOLS by Arlene E. Silva Thesis submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate School of the University of Maryland, College Park in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts 2005 Advisory Committee: Professor Sylvia Rosenfield, Chair Assistant Professor Millicent I. Kushner Associate Professor William Strein ©Copyright by Arlene E. Silva 2005 ii TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF TABLES...
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...VINCENNES UNIVERSITY CATALOG Vol. LXIX August, 2010 No. 61 A COMPREHENSIVE TWO-YEAR COLLEGE OFFERING ASSOCIATE DEGREES IN THE LIBERAL ARTS, SCIENCES, EDUCATION, ENGINEERING, AND TECHNOLOGY AND OFFERING BACCALAUREATE DEGREES IN SPECIALIZED AREAS Accreditation The North Central Association of Colleges and Schools 30 North LaSalle Street, Suite 2400, Chicago, IL 60602 (312) 263-0456 www.ncacihe.org FAX 312-263-7462 Accreditation Review Council on Education in Surgical Technology and Surgical Assisting American Bar Association American Board of Funeral Service Education American Health Information Management Association Association of Collegiate Business Schools and Programs Commission on Accreditation of Allied Health Educational Programs Commission on Accreditation in Physical Therapy Education Federal Aviation Administration Higher Education Coordinating Board of the State of Washington Indiana State Board of Nursing Joint Review Committee on Education In Radiologic Technology National Alliance of Concurrent Enrollment Partnerships National Association of Schools of Art and Design National Association of Schools of Theatre National League for Nursing Accrediting Commission Printing Industries of America, Inc. Approved for Veterans Membership The American Association of Community Colleges Aviation Technician Education Council The Council of North Central Two Year Colleges The Higher Education Transfer Alliance The National Academic Advising Association The North Central Association...
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...Y METHODS IN EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH From Theory to Practice Marguerite G. Lodico, Dean T. Spaulding, Katherine H. Voegtle METHODS IN EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Y METHODS IN EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH From Theory to Practice Marguerite G. Lodico, Dean T. Spaulding, Katherine H. Voegtle Copyright © 2006 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Published by Jossey-Bass A Wiley Imprint 989 Market Street, San Francisco, CA 94103-1741 www.josseybass.com No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning, or otherwise, except as permitted under Section 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without either the prior written permission of the publisher, or authorization through payment of the appropriate per-copy fee to the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc., 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, 978-750-8400, fax 978-646-8600, or on the Web at www.copyright.com. Requests to the publisher for permission should be addressed to the Permissions Department, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030, 201-748-6011, fax 201-748-6008, or online at http://www.wiley.com/go/permissions. Limit of Liability/Disclaimer of Warranty: While the publisher and author have used their best efforts in preparing this book, they make no representations or warranties with respect to the accuracy or completeness of the contents of this...
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...Chapter Web resources for this chapter include • OM Tools Software • Animated Demo Quality Management In this chapter you will learn about . . . ● What is Quality? ● Quality Management System ● Quality Tools ● TQM and QMS ● The Focus of Quality Management-Customers ● The Role of Employees in Quality Improvement ● Quality in Services ● Six Sigma ● The Cost of Quality ● The Effect of Quality Management on Productivity ● Quality Awards ● ISO 9000 2 Problems • Internet Exercises • Online Practice Quizzes • Lecture Slides in PowerPoint • Virtual Tours • Company and Resource Weblinks www.wiley.com/college/russell Quality Management at GREEN MOUNTAIN COFFEE ike wine, coffee quality is judged on attributes like fragrance, aroma, acidity, body, flavor, balance, and finish. Coffee professionals use words like “lush,” “complex,” and “fruity” to describe their evaluations, which are based on precise sensory criteria. Coffee Review, one of the most respected and widely read coffee publications in the world, rates coffees based on a 100-point scale, similar to the one used in the wine industry. Coffee connoisseurs seek out coffees awarded a rating of 80 or above. Each year GREEN MOUNTAIN submits coffee to Coffee Review for independent reviews. On average, Green Mountain L Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons Chapter 2 • Quality Management 53 coffees scored 88.8 points—significantly higher than their better-known west coast and European competitors—and...
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