...at least five years of age. There are many important factors that assist with the development of the brain such as: genetics, nutrition, physical interactions and the emotional interactions between parent and child. The brain is comprised of three main structures the brain stem, cerebrum and the cerebral cortex. The cerebral cortex is divided into four different lobes and made up of neurons. The frontal, temporal, parietal and occipital lobes control various parts of the cognitive function. Your fine and gross motor skills, vision and memory are controlled by the various functions of the brain. During this time of a child’s brain development many things are happening to the function of the body. This is why children are capable of learning so much in their early years because their brain is functioning at a rapid and active pace. That is why when I child enters this world the learning process for them begins. How a child is treated and nurtured at the beginning of conception can play a role in the development of the brain functions and can cause a lasting effect on a child through adulthood. According to the Wisconsin Council on Children and Families “children are born ready to learn. They cultivate 85 percent of their intellect, personality and skills by age five.” Yet, brain function does not mature at the same time in all children. Children grow and mature in different stages. A child may have excellent verbal skills but their fine and gross motor skills may...
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...Childhood Development Essay The years from two to six years of age are referred to as early childhood or the preschool years of the developmental process (Rathus, 2012, p. 123). The early childhood years are critical to the future develop of the child. The brain development is intensive and sensitive to external environmental influences; therefore, it is imperative that its stimulation and nutrition are adequate and influences are positive (Makkaoui, 2009). “The brain develops more quickly than any other organ in early childhood (Rathus, 2012, p. 124). Such development helps to ensure that each child reaches his or her potential and is a productive part of a rapidly changing, global society (Makkaoui, 2009). As their nervous system matures, their motor skills explode and their movements become more and more precise and coordinated (Rathus, 2012, p. 125). The physical development is somewhat of a natural process. A few weeks after conception, the embryo is visible (Rathus, 2012, p. 37). If the mother takes the proper precautions by receiving adequate nutrition, medical attention, physical exercise and rest and relaxation, the embryo will continue to develop and grow into a fetus and eventually enters the world of the unknown outside the womb (Rathus, 2012, pp. 37-40). After the birth, the physical growth continues voluntarily. There is no formula or recipe that one must remember in order to assure the child continue to grow. Provided the child receives the proper nutrition...
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...Influence of school readiness Supporting early learning will help to develop school readiness in children. School readiness is important for all children as it enables them establish the tools necessary to succeed in school. School readiness is one of the most, if not the most important factor in young childhood development. School readiness is anything that helps to prepare a child to engage and benefit from a classroom setting. This includes, language and literacy, mathematics, physical development, social and personal development, and scientific thinking. These domains can be successfully achieved by providing healthy environments, parental support, and good nutrition. Unfortunately, school readiness is not a mandated curriculum across the country as of yet. The mission of the National School Readiness Initiative was to set specific goals and measurable objectives. This data was tracked and measured with the intention of being used to serve as a framework for a national curriculum to focus more attention on young children and the needs of families. “The School Readiness Indicators Initiative works to develop a comprehensive set of school readiness indicators to inform public policy for young children and their families,” (School Readiness Initiative, 2013). This initiative involved teams from 17 states, including Arizona, Arkansas, California, Colorado, Connecticut, Kansas, Kentucky, Maine, Massachusetts, Missouri, New Hampshire, New Jersey, Ohio, Rhode Island...
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...(IDEA) addresses the area of the development of infants and toddlers with disabilities. The thought behind this program was to reduce educational costs by providing early intervention services to children with disabilities before they reach school age. The intention was to encourage the collaboration of agencies that provide health, education, and human services. The neural circuits which are a part of the brain that creates the foundation for learning, behavior, and health, are most susceptible to change during the first three years of life. In order to intercept and encourage the effectiveness of intervention, early diagnosis and identification is critical. Extreme poverty, abuse and neglect, or severe maternal depression leads to damage that can have a life time effect in learning, behavior, and physical and mental health. Intervention in these areas can provide education and resources for proper nutrition, health and mental health screenings. Positive early experiences strengthens the brain while early social and emotional development provides a firm foundation for the building of cognitive and language skills. (Goode, Diefondorf, and Colgan, 2011). Recognizing early childhood is a distinct period prime for intervention, IDEA requires all states and localities to develop a system of services to target this age group. This requirement is to reduce the need of, or reduce the amount of, special education services, enhance the development of children, and encourage family...
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...to 6 years) is a critical period in the development of the human potential. Foundations for all aspects of development are laid during this stage. It is the period of the development of initiative. The child acts on his needs. If these attempts are supported and are quite successful, he develops a sense of confidence in himself. It is also referred to as preschool age. This child’s physical and motor development affects not only his succeeding physical growth and motor development but also his sense of identity and sense of control. His acquisition of language and understanding of concepts influence his intellectual development. His social interactions with his family and significant others determine how he progresses socially and emotionally. The family and the preschool need to be aware of the characteristics and needs in this stage so they can facilitate maximum growth and development of the child. Characteristics of Early Childhood Early childhood is characterized by the things young children do and learn when they are about three to six years old. 1. Activity Age - A healthy child engages in all kinds of tasks. 2. Discovery Age – The young child starts to learn many things about himself and his environment. 3. Exploration Age – The child manipulates his body and his environment. 4. Socialization Age – The child begins to meet people in his neighborhood and community. 5. Imitation Age – The child copies just any model that gets his attention...
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...Definition As a child grows and develops, he learns different skills, such as taking a first step, smiling for the first time, or waving goodbye. These skills are known developmental milestones. A child with a developmental delay does not reach these milestones at the same time as other children the same age. There are five main groups of skills that make up the developmental milestones. A child may have a developmental delay in one or more of these areas. • Gross motor: using large groups of muscles to sit, stand, walk, run, etc., keeping balance, and changing positions. • Fine motor: using hands and fingers to be able to eat, draw, dress, play, write, and do many other things. • Language: speaking, using body language and gestures, communicating, and understanding what others say. • Cognitive: Thinking skills including learning, understanding, problem-solving, reasoning, and remembering. • Social: Interacting with others, having relationships with family, friends, and teachers, cooperating, and responding to the feelings of others. Usually, there is an age range of several months where a child is expected to learn these new skills. Some skills need to be developed before new skills can be learned. For instance, children must learn to crawl before they can walk. If the normal age range fro walking is 9 to 15 months, and a child still isn’t walking by 20 months, this would be considered a developmental delay. Growth in each area of development is related to ...
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...Care, Nursery school, Preschool, Pre-Kindergarten, and Early Educator. It is delivered in many setting center –based, home-based or at the local public school, in urban , suburban , and rural communities. Some program is part-time while other offer full day, full year service. They can be privately or they can be operated by local school system or by a federal funded program such as Head Start. Over the years , there have been much debates over which typed of program qualities as care and which as education. Increasingly child development resource shows that regardless of the setting quality early childhood education must include both warm, nurturing care, and enrich, learning experience designed to stimulated a child development in all the key developmental area; National Association for the Education of Young Children(2011) Cognitive Physical and Social Emotion provide clear evidence and storage social emotional development underlie all later growth and learn a well educated and carry staff high program standard and the curriculum based on a child development developmental needs are among the most important component of a high quality early learning environment. A well educated and caring staff high program standard and the a curriculum based on a child development developmental needs are among the most important component of a high quality early learning environment. The quality of the early childhood education A child receive has a direct...
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...During the preschool years, we experience quick changes in our physical and cognitive abilities. Our bodies change in shape and size now; everything gets longer. Nutrition begins to affect us in a deeper way because when we are babies, we need to consume a lot of more calories, but in our preschool years, this is not the case. Kids begin to be categories as obese if their body fat percentage is above 20. Kids start developing illnesses like getting the flu a lot. At this time children also suffer from more physical injuries since they no longer depend 100% on the parent. Not only do we grow physically but our brain also develops. At this time, the corpus callosum, a bundle of nerve fibers that connect the two hemispheres of the brain, becomes thicker. The corpus callosum develops 800 individual fibers that help...
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...originally conceived as a program that would be used as catch-up programs, for summer school that would teach low-income children in a few weeks on how to be prepared the children’s for the start for kindergarten. It was show that six weed of preschool could not make up for five years of poverty. In 1981 the Head Started program was expanded the program and December 2007 the program was revised. As of 2005 the program has more than 22 million pre-school aged children. Head Start mission was to enhancing the children social and health, wellbeing and to get the children prepared for school. Head Start program was part of President Johnson society campaign. The program started out as an eight-week summer program in 1965. The program was led by both Dr. Robert Cooke, a pediatrician at John Hopkins University and Dr. Edward Zigler, a professor of psychology and director of the child Study Center at Yale University. Together they created a comprehensive to development a programs for the communities to help them meet the need of disadvantaged preschool children. The program was authorized by Congress to go year round. By 1968 Head Starts had started a funding program that was calling Sesame Street operated by Carnegie Corporation Preschool...
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...The Development of Language and Communication from Infancy to Preschool 510: Early Childhood Development Cleveland State University Abstract The purpose of this paper is to examine how language and communication develop in early childhood, from in uerto through preschool. And how language is the expression of human communication through which knowledge, belief, and behaviors’ develop, and experiences are explained and shared. Other areas to be examined is the developmental milestones functional skills that are age specific tasks that children achieve during various levels of development, infant brain development, and attachment. Although each milestone is age appropriate, children development varies from child to child taking in to consideration every child is unique. Introduction In a study conducted (2009) on babies language learning starts from the womb. From the first day a newborn cries they already bear the mark of the language their parents speak. In another dramatic finding of this study is that not only are human neonates capable of producing different cry melodies, but they prefer to those melody patterns that are typical for the ambient language they have heard during fetal life, within the last trimester of gestation. Even through prenatal exposure to their native language was known for some time to influence newborns, scientist now believe that it happens much earlier than the preconceived notion that surrounding language affected sound production...
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...My Virtual Child, Peyton Basically, this is all about my virtual child, Peyton. That's all I will be talking about in this...I know it's exciting! Thursday, November 27, 2008 Bonus Assignment 1. Are there any issues you had with your parents, your school work, your friends, or your romantic involvements in the last year of high school that continued to be issues for you in college? First of all, don’t all teenagers have issues with their parents? I didn’t have a ton of issues with them as most kids did when I was in high school. My school work has always been pretty consistent with me staying on top of things and doing my homework when I was suppose to. My last year of high school is when I had my first real relationship and that continued into my first year of college, but it was no big thing. I really didn’t have too many issues in high school, I’m not saying that I was perfect, but I was very quiet and I only had one really good friend in high school. The only big issue that I had was I had a tough time having a good work ethic. I started working when I was 16 and let me just say I had terrible work ethics. My parents had to help me come to like to work and appreciate what I was working for. By the time I got into college, this wasn’t a problem anymore. 2. Reflect on your own personality, interests and cognitive abilities at the time you graduated high school. How did these personality characteristics and abilities manifest themselves in subsequent years? How have they...
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...childhood or the preschool years(pg. 192 Rathus, S. A. (2013). Because its been so many years since I’ve attended preschool I chose to write this paper not on my experiences but on my observations of my son’s experience. As the parent of a preschool age child I enjoy watching all the milestones achieved by my children. In this paper I will respond on the developments during my sons two years in preschool. My son began preschool at the age of 3. His physical development made huge strides during preschool, especially his gross motor skills. Gross motor skills involve the large muscles used in locomotion.(pg. 195 Rathus, S. A. (2013). At the age of 3 he could barely ride a tricycle or bounce a basketball. By the age of 4 he learned to ride a bicycle with no training wheels and joined a basketball team which he excelled at. Compared to his classmates he was the only child who could ride a bicycle with no training wheels. According to the text some children are genetically predisposed to developing better coordination or more strength. Motivation and practice also are important. I can say a leading reason for this development came from the fact that when he was close to 4 years old my husband was laid off of work. They spent 3 days a week playing ball together and practicing riding his bike. Coupled with the fact that my my son has always been an athletic child his achievements came easier to him. According to Piaget the preoperational stage of cognitive development lasts from about...
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...STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT If your child develop well, the learning potential is increased; and the chances of failure in school are less. Development is a gradual process- or building up of permanent age related changes in a person. In these essay, I will describe and discuss stages of development from birth to 8 years of age. Next, I will discuss why stages of development is important to a child. Lastly, I will briefly summarize this essay; indicating whether stages o f development is healthy or not healthy in an early childhood development. From the time of birth to 8 of age: your little ones moves through a steady progression of developing, thinking skills and learning emotional regulation as well as social growth. Children and adult pass a number of different stages during their lifetime. These stages happen around certain ages. Sometimes researches refer to the stages as time of life. Here are some stages usually referred to in early childhood development. Prenatal Stage is from conception to birth Infancy is from birth to the time of walking-around about 12 to 18months. Toddler hood from 18 months to 3 years. Preschool Stage from 3years to 6 years and; Early School from 6 years to 8 years Each stage has important changes that happen in that stage. Here are some examples; Prenatal Stages body grows quickly from time of conception or pregnancy and organs are and begin to work. The health and well being of the mother is very important. Infancy babies...
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...Term | Definition or Description | How will you remember? (examples from your life or books, articles, tv, etc or you can put the definition in your own words) | human development | the scientific study of the changes that occur in people as they age from conception until death | changes that occur in people as they age | longitudinal design | research design in which one participant or group of participants is studied over a long period of time | group of participants is studied over a long period of time | cross-sectional design | research design in which several different age-groups of participants are studied at one particular point in time | different age-groups of participants are studied at one particular point in time | cross-sequential design | research design in which participants are first studied by means of a cross-sectional design but are also followed and assessed for a period of time | followed and assessed for a period of time | nature | the influence of our inherited characteristics on our personality, physical growth, intellectual growth, and social interactions | inherited characteristics | nurture | the influence of the environment on personality, physical growth, and intellectual growth, and social interactions | the influence of the environment | genetics | the science of inherited traits | inherited traits | DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) | special molecule that contains the genetic material of the organism | special...
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...Child Growth and Development Module 1: Principles of Child Growth and Development 1 Icons This icon represents a new topic in the text. This is a visual cue for you to answer any questions about the previous section before moving along to the next one. This icon is used to identify an exercise that involves in-class practice and feedback. This icon is used to identify a specially designed activity that requires active class participation. This icon is used to identify a section that is accompanied by a video. Child Growth and Development 2 Icons This icon is used to identify a section where the participants should add items to their ―Do’s and Don’ts‖ list. This icon is used to identify an exercise that involves a role-playing scenario. This icon is used to identify the use of a transparency related to the material in this section. This icon is used to identify a key point in the material. Child Growth and Development 3 p.2 We often hear people refer to children’s growth and development. Are ―growth‖ and ―development‖ the same thing? What does each of these terms mean? •Growth refers to specific body changes and increases in the child’s size (such as:height, weight, head circumference, and body mass index). These size changes can easily be measured. Growth •Development typically refers to an increase in complexity (a change from simple to more complex) Involves a progression along a continuing pathway on which the child aquires more refined...
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