...recognized, then strategies for resolutions must be identified, finally individuals and communities must be active and take proper actions for solutions. Regardless of health conditions, health promotion is essential for acquiring and maintaining a better quality of life. Levels of Health Promotion The promotion of health includes preventing any discrepancies in healthy living. There are three levels of prevention involved in health promotion which include primary prevention, secondary prevention, and tertiary prevention. Each level of prevention has goals for promoting healthy lifestyles. Nurses will encounter many different implementation methods depending upon the level of health promotion. To begin with, “primary prevention precedes disease or dysfunction,” (Edelman & Mandle, 2010). The goal is to protect healthy people from becoming ill or developing a disease. A nurse’s responsibilities involving primary health promotion would include identifying those at risk, educating, and providing protection from injury or disease. An article concerning women’s heart health was reviewed to...
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...find time for illness”(Lavie, C.J. & Milani, R.V., 2011) Illness also referred as disease, is defined as “the failure of a person’s adaptive mechanisms to counteract stimuli and stresses adequately, resulting in functional or structural disturbances” (Edelman & Mandle, C. (2010. p7). Adjacent to disease is health, which requires the accountability of an individual to support their physical, mental, spiritual and social well- being to live a well and meaningful satisfying life. This corresponds with health promotion, when nurses” help people change their lifestyle to move toward a state of optimal health” (Edelman & Mandle, C.2010,p.16). Nurses preserve a large portion of health promotion by routinely managing the nursing assessment, while incorporating a nursing diagnosis according to the individual’s necessity of learning. Ideally the goal of health promotion is by empowering individuals, family or communities to develop the ability to conquer daily routines and conditions, reaching a height of health safety. The importance of the nursing roles and responsibility in the revolving healthcare promotion will be discussed with nursing implementation methods that embrace health promotion. A comparison of the three levels of health prevention, known as primary, secondary and tertiary prevention will be noted and associated with three different reference articles. The levels of prevention may overlap in practice, while maintaining effective, healthy lifestyles. The purpose...
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...Promotion Tool Heart disease is the leading cause of death of women in the United States. There were 60% more women who died from a cardio vascular disease that all other cancers combined in 2004 ("Women'Shealth.gov: Heart Disease Fact Sheet", 2012). One in four women dies from heart disease each year in the U.S. These are staggering numbers suggesting that a person is more likely than not to know someone who will die from a heart attack or stroke than from cancer. Only 54% actually recognize heart disease as the leading killer of women (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2015). Heart disease is a term used to cover a range of silent diseases that affect the heart including, but not limited to, coronary artery disease, arrhythmias, and congenital heart disease ("Heart Disease: Definition", 2015). These diseases are “silent” because many times there are not symptoms suggesting a problem before the patient experiences a heart attack or stroke (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2015). Then main cause of heart disease is a buildup of plaque in the arteries that can cause narrowing or a complete blockage which in turn leads to heart attacks or strokes ("Heart Disease: Causes", 1998-2015). An unhealthy diet, smoking, obesity, and a lack of exercise can all lead to narrowing and blockage ("Heart Disease: Causes", 1998-2015). Each of these things is correctable by a simple change in life style. Prevention is the best way to fight heart disease. “Know your numbers”...
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...GLOBAL VARIATIONS OF CHRONIC DISEASE Name: Institution: Chronic diseases all around the world have been causing lots deaths and having devastating effects on families (CDC, 2011). In this essay, I will discuss coronary heart disease symptoms, detection, prevention, causal mechanisms, treatment, and effects. I will also analyze its global variations and recommend how public health officers can be able to promote prevention and treatment measures. Coronary heart disease is a disease that develops over a long time. This disease involves accumulation or deposition of plaque in the coronary arteries that supply the heart muscles with oxygen and nourishments. The plaque hardens with time and it can burst at time and formation of a clot can occur in the artery causing more narrowing or blockage. In the long run, the accumulation leads to a decrease of the coronary artery diameter. This causes limitation of the oxygen and other nourishments supplied to the heart muscles. This weakens the heart muscles hence impairing the function of the heart resulting to angina, myocardial infarction, heart attack/heart failure and finally death (Krasner & Riegelman, 2013). A coronary heart disease has several causes or factors that are affiliated to it. These factors are classified into modifiable and non-modifiable depending on whether they can be prevented or not. Some of the modifiable factors are: smoking...
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...used to help better understand a diseases process, how they work, and how they are transmitted. This helps us to better treat the disease. The process of epidemiology is lengthy but must be followed accurately to ensure correct diagnosis and treatment. Epidemiology is used when a new disease is found and when a disease reappears in high numbers. A common disease in the elderly is congestive heart failure (CHF). The epidemiology process can be used to better understand the disease, what causes it and how to treat it. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), “Epidemiology is the study of the distribution and determinants of health-related states or events (including disease), and the application of this study to the control of diseases and other health problems. Various methods can be used to carry out epidemiological investigations, such as surveillance and descriptive studies that can be used to study distribution and analytical studies are used to study determinants (WHO, 2011). Epidemiology tries to determine what causes disease and what people can do to prevent disease. Epidemiology was first used when scientists tried to discover causes of diseases, such as smallpox and polio (Cornell University, 1993). Epidemiology is no longer limited to transmissible diseases. Epidemiology usually cannot prove a cause of a disease; it can only show certain risk factors that correlate with a higher rate of a specific disease. For example, epidemiology could...
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...Three major health conditions that is widespread in the United States today: • Heart Disease • Kidney Disease • Cancer • Kidney disease is the 8th leading cause of death in the United States. • More than 20 million adults age 20 or older in the U.S. have kidney disease and most don't know it. • Diabetes and high blood pressure are the two leading causes of kidney disease. Kidney Disease High blood pressure, especially when left untreated, can damage kidneys and lead to chronic kidney disease. High Blood Pressure • The National Kidney Foundation (NKF) has divided chronic kidney disease into five stages to create a guideline to identify and treat each level of kidney disease. The first four stages focus on ways to preserve kidney function for as long as possible. While the final stage 5 which is kidney failure reviews treatment choices. Chronic Kidney Disease Kidney disease is on the rise. Affects more than 10 percent of people worldwide. Between 2000 and 2008 Kidney Disease has double in the Unites States with people over 65 years of age. Due to increasing rate of obesity and diabetes researchers are founding increasing kidney disease with 1 in 25 adults between the ages of 20 and 29. World Wide Killer “Cancer comes from the Greek word “karkinos”, meaning crab. This word also means any dangerous and spreading evil.” 100 diseases created by abnormal cell growth. Cancer cells: - Did not die, - DNA within...
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...Heart Failure Prevention Daniel Ruiz Grand Canyon University: NRS-429V March 16, 2014 Heart Failure Prevention There has begun a shift from acute care in the hospital setting to a more preventative approach, taking place in the community. With this shift, nurses will be taking a more involved role in preventing disease and promoting health. As healthcare evolves and changes over time, so has the role of the nurse. They will be seeing an increase in their responsibilities in implementing health promotion and disease prevention that can be approached in three different levels, primary, secondary and tertiary health promotion prevention. Health promotion is the process of helping people improve their lifestyle and taking steps towards more optimal health. The purpose of health promotion in nursing practice is just that, to help those they care for increase their health and quality of life. The nurse implements this improvement in several different areas. The nurse collaborates with those around them, other nurses, physicians, social workers and other interdisciplinary staff. The nurse advocates for individuals to ensure they are receiving the care they deserve and to help the individual learn to advocate for themself. The nurse is a case manager, collecting information and passing it along. They are a consultant and educator, teaching and providing information to help promote the health of the individual, family and community. The nurse provides direct...
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...healthcare could help with the prevention of heart disease. According to Heidenreich et al. (2011) “electronic medical records could have a positive impact on the prevention of cardiovascular disease.” Electronic medical records can identify which patients have risk factors, recognize obstacles that interfere with their care, and possibly make preventive health care easier to access. According to Hillestad et al. (2005) using the electronic health records can save an estimated $77 billion dollars if 90% adoption is reached. Some of the benefits of using the electronic health records are that it would be an inhibitor of medical errors and that it would be easier to retrieve medical histories and treatments. The electronic...
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...COMMENTARIES 3. 25]. Available from: http://www.ccl-cca.ca/ccl/Reports/HealthLiteracy.html Petch E, Ronson B, Rootman I. Literacy and health in Canada: what we have learned and what can help in the future? A research report. Clear language edition [monograph on the Internet]. Ottawa, ON: Canadian Institutes of Health Research; 2004 [cited 2011 Nov 25]. Available from: www.cpha.ca/ uploads/portals/h-l/literacy_e.pdf Public Health Agency of Canada [homepage on the Internet]. Ottawa, ON: Public Health Agency of Canada; 2003 [updated 2011 Oct 21; cited 2011 Nov 26]. What determines health?; [about 3 screens]. Available from: http:// www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/ph-sp/determinants/index-eng.php. Scott Murray, Data Angel Policy Research, Incorporated, Rima Rudd, Harvard School of Public Health, Irwin Kirsch, Educational Testing, Service, Kentaro Yamamoto, Educational Testing Service and, Sylvie Grenier, Statistics Canada. Health literacy in Canada: initial results from the International Adult Literacy and Skills Survey 2007 [monograph on Internet]. Ottawa, ON: Canadian Council on Learning; 2007 [cited 2011 Nov 26]. Available from: www.ccl-cca.ca/pdfs/HealthLiteracy/HealthLiteracyinCanada.pdf Rao JK, Anderson LA, Inui TS, Frankel RM. Communication interventions make a difference in conversation between physician and patients: a systemic review of the evidence. Med Care. 2007;45(4):340-9. Stewart MA. Effective physician–patient communication and health outcomes: a review. CMAJ. 1995;152(9):1423-33...
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...Primary Prevention- Primary prevention seeks to reduce the frequency of new cases of disease occurring in a population and, thus is most applicable to persons who are in the stage of susceptibility. Primary prevention strategies emphasize general health promotion, risk factor reduction, and other health protective measures. These strategies include health education and health promotion programs designed to foster healthier lifestyles and environmental health programs designed to improve environmental quality. Specific examples of primary prevention measures include immunization against communicable diseases; public health education about good nutrition, exercise, stress management, and individual responsibility for health; chlorination and filtration of public water supplies; and legislation requiring child restraints in motor vehicles Secondary Prevention Secondary prevention attempts to reduce the number of existing cases in a population and, therefore, is most appropriately aimed those in the stage of presymptomatec disease or the early stage of clinical disease. Secondary prevention focuses on early detection and swift treatment of disease. Its purpose is to cure disease, slow its progression, or reduce its impact on individuals or communities. A common approach to secondary prevention is screening for disease, such as the noninvasive computerized test for the early detection of heart disease. This test uses computerized tomography scans to look for calcium deposition in...
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...CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is an abnormal functioning of the heart or blood vessels. Heart disease (HD) is a general term for a variety of heart conditions. The most common form of HD is coronary heart disease (CHD), also called coronary artery disease (CAD) because it involves the coronary arteries. Other types of CVD include hypertension, congestive heart failure, stroke, congenital cardiovascular defects, hardening or narrowing (atherosclerosis) of the blood vessels, including the coronary arties, and other diseases of the circulatory system. The majority of cardiovascular disease (CVD) is caused by risk factors that can be controlled, treated or modified, such as high blood pressure, cholesterol, overweight/obesity, tobacco use, lack of physical activity and diabetes. However, there are also some major CVD risk factors that cannot be controlled. In terms of attributable deaths, the leading CVD risk factor is raised blood pressure (to which 13 percent of global deaths is attributed), followed by tobacco use (9 percent), raised blood glucose (6 percent), physical inactivity (6 percent) and overweight and obesity (5 percent). MODIFIABLE RISK FACTORS: 1) Hypertension (high blood pressure) Blood pressure is measured as two numbers, written one over the other and recorded in millimeters of mercury – for example, 120/78 mm Hg. High blood pressure is defined as a repeatedly elevated systolic pressure of 140 or higher OR a diastolic pressure of 90...
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...increasing resources that are available for the individuals. The health education field is a vast profession that has greatly impacted many individuals with the information that the individuals provide. This paper will discuss the health education field and profession in greater detail as far as what has happened over the years and the way the profession has changed. It will also analyze a website that covers an HIV prevention program and will also provide a description of a website that has been created to cover heart disease. There are many different events that have helped to shape health education and the health education profession. Three of the events that have impacted the health education field the most are the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) and the Social Security Act. According to Cottrell, Girvan, & McKenzie (2012), the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act “bill encourages and promotes worksite wellness programs, encourages evidence-based community prevention and wellness programs, and provides strong support for school based health centers” (p.69). The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) provide the privacy of health information from being released without the consent of the patient. With the Social Security Act helped to support the state health departments in order to develop sanitary facilities which were determined by the education of the individuals...
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...public health research, and helps inform policy decisions and evidence-based by identifying risk factors for disease and targets for preventive medicine. Epidemiologists are involved in the design of studies, collection and statistical analysis of data, and interpretation and dissemination of results (including peer review and occasional systematic review).Major areas of epidemiological study include outbreak investigation, disease surveillance and biomonitoring, and comparisons of treatment effects such as in clinical trials. Epidemiologists rely on a number of other scientific disciplines such as biology (to better understand disease processes), biostatistics (to make efficient use of the data and draw appropriate conclusions), and exposure assessment and social science disciplines (to better understand proximate and distal risk factors, and their measurement). I would like to discuss elderly patients as my vulnerable population. There is no set age at which a person maybe under the care of a geriatric physician. The physician aims to promote health by preventing disease and disabilities in geriatric adults. A gerontologist specializes in the aging process. Adult medicine differs from the geriatric patient because the focus is on the elderly patient. The decline in physiological reserve in organs makes the elderly develop some kinds of diseases and have more complications from mild problems such as dehydration from the stomach flu, or confusion related...
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...Diabetes A Growing Health Concern in the U.S. Diabetes A Growing Health Concern In The U.S. According to (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2011). Diabetes can affect many parts of the body and therefore can result in serious complications such as heart disease, stroke, and kidney failure. The pancreas makes a hormone called insulin, which in turn helps glucose to get into the cells of our bodies. When the pancreas does not produce enough insulin blood glucose levels can then become elevated and other metabolic abnormalities can occur, leading to more serious and disabling complications. Obesity is directly linked to the development of diabetes and cardiovascular disease. According to World Heart Federation (2015), “your risk of developing Type 2 diabetes and hypertension rises steeply. Statistics show that 58% of diabetes and 21% of ischemic heart disease are attributable to a BMI above 21.” (Why Obesity Causes Cardiovascular Disease). According to "Healthy People 2020" (2014), “diabetes affects an estimated 23.6 million people in the United States and is the 7th leading cause of death.” There are three common types of diabetes (Diabetes). 1. Type II – “Results from a combination of resistance to the action of insulin and insufficient insulin production.” (HealthyPeople.gov, 2014). Type II can be controlled by a person’s diet and physical activity, losing weight and when needed, medications. 2. Type I – The body is no longer able to produce...
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...psychologically and most of all, the environment. Since health promotion put the power in the healthcare system to educate, prevent and treat, let us review the different level of the health promotion of coronary artery patient as discuss in these articles. The article chosen cover the impact of prevention research on coronary heart disease. Let us look at the objective that talk about framework and allows the potential of the results and effectiveness of health promotion and prevention. Health promotion is the provision of information and/or education to individuals, families, and communities that encourage family unity. Community commitment, and traditional spirituality, that make positive contribution to their health status. Health promotion is also the promotion of health, ideas and concepts to motivate individuals to adopt health behaviors (Definitionofwellness.com). The purpose of health promotion is to provide a platform, which support the movement in hospitals and communities to adjust to change and demand of patients in the communities and their environment. With health promotion come the concept of changing the individual health behavior through education and training, to promote prevention and better treatment...
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