...1. If a decrease in the price of football tickets increases the total revenue of the athletic department, this is evidence that demand is: A) price inelastic. B) price elastic. C) unit elastic with respect to price. D) perfectly inelastic. 2. If the percentage change in the quantity demanded of a good is greater than the percentage change in price, price elasticity of demand is: A) perfectly elastic. B) perfectly inelastic. C) elastic. D) inelastic. 3. Suppose the president of a textbook publisher argues that a 10 percent increase in the price of textbooks will raise total revenue for the publisher. It can be concluded that the company president thinks that demand for textbooks is: A) perfectly inelastic. B) elastic. C) unitary elastic. D) inelastic. 4. If the quantity of tickets to the fair sold decreases by 10 percent when the price increases by 5 percent, the price elasticity of demand over this range of the demand curve is: A) price elastic. B) perfectly inelastic. C) unitary elastic. D) price inelastic. 5. There is no change in total revenue when the demand curve for a good is: A) inelastic. B) perfectly inelastic. C) unitary elastic. D) elastic. E) perfectly elastic. 6. Elasticity refers to the: A) responsiveness of quantity demanded to changes in the price of a good. B) minimum amount that consumers will pay for a percentage change in quantity demanded or supplied. C) percentage decrease in price in response to a percentage increase...
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...Chapter 4 Elasticity • • • • I. The price elasticity of demand measures how strongly demanders respond to a change in the price of a good. The price elasticity of demand can be used to make quantitative predictions of how changes affect the price and quantity demanded of a good. The income elasticity of demand measures how strongly demanders respond to a change in income, and the cross elasticity of demand measures how strongly demanders respond to the change in the price of another good. The price elasticity of supply measures how strongly suppliers respond to a change in the price of a good. Price Elasticity of Demand • In general, elasticity measures responsiveness. The price elasticity of demand measures how responsive demanders are to a change in the price of the good. This information is often useful for both businesses and governments. • The price elasticity of demand is a units-‐free measure of the ...
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...C h a p t e r 4 ELASTICITY Topic: Calculating Elasticity Skill: Conceptual Price Elasticity of Demand 4) Topic: The Price Elasticity of Demand Skill: Conceptual 1) The slope of a demand curve depends on A) the units used to measure price and the units used to measure quantity. B) the units used to measure price but not the units used to measure quantity. C) the units used to measure quantity but not the units used to measure price. D) neither the units used to measure price nor the units used to measure quantity. A) B) C) D) When the quantity of coal is measured in kilograms instead of pounds, the demand for coal becomes more elastic. less elastic. neither more nor less elastic. undefined. Answer: C Topic: Calculating Elasticity Skill: Recognition 5) The price elasticity of demand equals A) the change in the price divided by the change in quantity demanded. B) the change in the quantity demanded divided by the change in price. C) the percentage change in the price divided by the percentage change in the quantity demanded. D) the percentage change in the quantity demanded divided by the percentage change in the price. Answer: A Topic: The Price Elasticity of Demand Skill: Conceptual 2) The price elasticity of demand depends on A) the units used to measure price and the units used to measure quantity. B) the units used to measure price but not the units used to measure quantity. C) the units used to measure...
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...INTRODUCTION TO ECONOMICS Elasticity & Taxation Blanquerna-Universitat Ramon Llull Salvador Illa Roca 2014-2015 1 Current events 2 3 4 Elasticity 5 Where we are… 1. 2. 3. 4. In the subfield of Microeconomics Studying the S&D model… …which describes how competitive markets work Have studied… 1. how much consumers & producers gain from participation in the market 2. Why governments intervene in markets and what are the consequences 5. Will focus on… 1. What is elasticity 2. taxation 6 Swine Flu Swine Flu Swine Flu http://www.nytimes.com/2009/04/28/health/28flu.html?ref=health Swine Flu 1. What happens with the DC? 2. What happens with the SC? 3. What happens with the price? Why? 4. Should Government intervene? Swine Flu European Council, Parliamentary Assembly Summary On 11 June 2009, the World Health Organization (WHO) officially declared “Pandemic (H1N1) 2009”. The way in which the H1N1 influenza pandemic has been handled, not only by WHO, but also by the competent health authorities at the level of the European Union and at national level, gives rise to alarm. Some of the consequences of decisions taken and advice given are particularly troubling, as they led to distortion of priorities of public health services across Europe, waste of large sums of public money and also unjustified scares and fears about health risks faced by the European public at large. Grave shortcomings have been identified regarding...
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...4 Elasticity 4.1 Price Elasticity of Demand 1) A price elasticity of demand of 2 means that a 10 percent increase in price will result in a A) 2 percent decrease in quantity demanded. B) 20 percent decrease in quantity demanded. C) 5 percent decrease in quantity demanded. D) 2 percent increase in quantity demanded. E) 20 percent increase in quantity demanded. Answer: B Diff: 2 Type: MC Topic: Price Elasticity of Demand 2) The price elasticity of demand is a units-free measure of the responsiveness of the ________ when all other influences on buying plans remain the same. A) quantity demanded to a change in the price of a substitute or complement B) quantity demanded to a change in income C) quantity demanded of a good to a change in its price D) price to a change in quantity demanded E) none of the above Answer: C Diff: 1 Type: MC Topic: Price Elasticity of Demand 3) The concept used by economists to indicate the responsiveness of the quantity demanded of a good to a change in its price is the A) cross elasticity of demand. B) income elasticity of demand. C) substitute elasticity of demand. D) price elasticity of demand. E) elasticity of supply. Answer: D Diff: 1 Type: MC Topic: Price Elasticity of Demand 4) If a 10 percent rise in price leads to an 8 percent decrease in quantity demanded, the price elasticity of demand is A) 0.8. B) 1.25. C) 8. D) 0.125. E) 80. Answer: A Diff: 2 Type: MC Topic: Price Elasticity...
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...Exercise 6 Solution Chapter 6 Elasticity: The Responsiveness of Demand and Supply 6.1 The Price Elasticity of Demand and Its Measurement 1) Price elasticity of demand measures A) how responsive suppliers are to price changes. B) how responsive sales are to changes in the price of a related good. C) how responsive quantity demanded is to a change in price. D) how responsive sales are to a change in buyers' incomes. Answer: C Comment: Recurring Diff: 1 Page Ref: 168-169/168-169 Topic: Price Elasticity of Demand Objective: LO1: Define price elasticity of demand and understand how to measure it. AACSB: Reflective Thinking Special Feature: None 2) If the percentage increase in price is 15 percent and the value of the price elasticity of demand is -3, then quantity demanded A) will increase by 45 percent. B) will increase by 5 percent. C) will decrease by 45 percent. D) will decrease by 5 percent. Answer: C Comment: Recurring Diff: 2 Page Ref: 168-169/168-169 Topic: Price Elasticity of Demand Objective: LO1: Define price elasticity of demand and understand how to measure it. AACSB: Analytic Skills Special Feature: None 3) If demand is inelastic, the absolute value of the price elasticity of demand is A) one. B) less than one. C) greater than one. D) greater than the absolute value of the slope of the demand curve. Answer: B Comment:...
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...Understanding elasticity of demand as it relates to elastic, unit, and inelastic demand. Elasticity is the amount by which economists use to calculate the sensitivity of the quantity demand of a good to alter in its price, otherwise identified as elasticity of demand or (PED or Ed). Price elasticity is generally perceived as a negative although the sign is frequently ignored. Only goods that ignore the law of demand such as luxury or inferior goods have a positive price of elasticity of demand in other words the coefficient of unit elastic demand is 1 this can be described in the equation (Ed=1). Another way of thinking about the is if the coefficient of elasticity is greater than one the item is elastic, if the coefficient is less than one than the item is inelastic. So if the coefficient equals one then it considered unit elastic. A good is said to be inelastic or relativity inelastic when the price elasticity of demand is less than one. In the study of finances, the cross-price elasticity of demand is a way to measure whether two goods are either complements (such as milk and cereal), substitutes (such as orange juice and pineapple juice) or are independent (such as tires and washing machines) of each other. Using the following formula the percentage of change in quantity demanded for one good divided the percentage change in price for another good, will determine the cross price elasticity of demand.Or Income elasticity (including normal and inferior goods) shows how sensitive...
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...Discuss price elasticity of demand and how it can be applied. 2 Explain the usefulness of the total revenue test for price elasticity of demand. 3 Describe price elasticity of supply and how it can be applied. 4 Apply cross elasticity of demand and income elasticity of demand. 4 Elasticity In this chapter we extend Chapter 3’s discussion of demand and supply by explaining elasticity, an extremely important concept that helps us answer such questions as: Why do buyers of some products (for example, ocean cruises) respond to price increases by substantially reducing their purchases while buyers of other products (say, gasoline) respond by only slightly cutting back their purchases? Why do higher market prices for some products (for example, chicken) cause producers to greatly increase their output while price rises for other products (say, gold) cause only limited increases in output? Why does the demand for some products (for example, books) rise a great deal when household income increases while the demand for other products (say, milk) rises just a little? Elasticity extends our understanding of markets by letting us know the degree to which changes in prices and incomes affect supply and demand. Sometimes the responses are substantial, other times minimal or even nonexistent. But by knowing what to expect, businesses and the government can do a better job in deciding what to produce, how much to charge, and, surprisingly, what items to tax. 75 76 PART TWO Price, Quantity...
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...terms A1. Elasticity of Demand is the consumers response or sensitivity to a change in price. It is classified as elastic, inelastic, or unit elasticity. Elastic demand is when a specific percentage change in price results in a larger percentage change in quantity demand. Inelastic demand is when a specific change in price produces a smaller percentage change in quantity demand, Unit elasticity is when the percentage in change in price is the same as the percentage change in demand. A2. Cross Elasticity of Demand is the ratio of percentage change in quantity demand of one good to the percentage in the price of some other good. A positive coefficient indicates the tho products are substitutes a negative coefficient indicates the two products are complementary. A zero or near zero cross elasticity means the products are considered independent. A3.Income Elasticity of Demand is the ratio of the percentage change in the quantity demand of a good to a percentage change in consumer income; it measures the responsiveness of consumer purchases to income changes. A positive coefficient means more of the product is in demand as income rises, they are known as normal goods. A negative coefficient mean purchasing of a product decreases as income rises means the product is an inferior good. B. Explain the elasticity coefficients for each of the three terms defined in part A. B1. Elasticity of Demand. If the coefficient is greater then 1 it is Elastic Demand , if the coefficient...
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...Elastic and inelastic demand Elastic and inelastic demand Task A 1. Elasticity of Demand measures sensitivity of the demand for a good to a price change. If the price of a good matters little, a change in the price of that good will have a small impact on one’s willingness to sell or buy and this would indicate an inelastic situation. However, if a small change in prices causes substantial changes in one’s willingness to buy or sell, the good is said to be elastic. McConnell, Brue, and Flynn (2012) note that when demand is elastic a decrease in price will increase total revenue because even though the price is less the additional goods sold make up the difference. Conversely, if the demand is inelastic, price decreases reduce total revenue. When the percent of increase or decrease in the price of a good is equal to the demand percentage the case is unit elastic. 2. Cross-price elasticity of demand measures the sensitivity of quantity demanded of a good when the price changes on another good. When two goods are substitutes, the price of one good increases the demand for another good. Airlines A and B have routes that are the same. As airline, A raises the price of their tickets consumers will likely change to airline B. This is a simple explanation of substitution. A good is considered a complement to another when the demand of product A is increased after the price of product B is decreased. 3. Income elasticity measures the relationship between a change...
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...Topic 2: Elasticity One motivation for studying elasticity is so that firms will know how their revenue might change in response to various price changes. Certainly firms are interested in setting prices in such a way to increase their revenue. Let total revenue be price multiplied by quantity (TR = P . Q). Consider the following demand curves. If we raised the price, would total revenue increase or decrease? Price INELASTIC (like the letter I) Demand Quantity Price ELASTIC (like the letter E) Demand Quantity By “eyeballing” the graphs, it appears that in the first instance, increasing price would raise revenue. In the second graph, a price increase would probably decrease total revenue. This is because the demand curve in the first graph represents a relatively price-insensitive demand, and this demand curve is consequently relatively inelastic. In the second graph, the curve represents a relatively price-sensitive demand, and this demand curve is consequently relatively elastic. This is summarized in the following table: Price Change | Elasticity | Change in Total Revenue | Price Increase | Inelastic | Total Revenue Increases | Price Increase | Elastic | Total Revenue Decreases | Price Decrease | Inelastic | Total Revenue Decreases | Price Decrease | Elastic | Total Revenue Increases | Thus, elasticity has to do with price sensitivity. An elastic demand indicates extreme price sensitivity...
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...309.1.2 Supply and Demand A. 1) Elasticity of demand refers to the way that customers feel about and react to changes in price. Formulas are used by economists to measure elasticitiy in price (and more). This compares the old price with the new and calculates demand for the goods/services offered. 2) Cross-price elasticity “measures how sensitive consumer purchases of one product (say, X) are to a change in the price of some other product (say, Y).” (McConnell, Brue, Flynn. Economics. 19. VitalSource Bookshelf. McGraw-Hill Learning, 2011. Retrieved Sept. 2012.) A great effect to positive cross-price elasticity is when both products benefit from higher demand. Although only 1 product (X) has been changed, it directly affects the other product (Y) in a positive way. Goods that are considered substitutes often have similar product types and purposes. I.e. Coca-cola brand soda may be considered a substitute for Pepsi cola. If one of the soda brands offer their product at a higher price, this could creater higher demand for the substitute or competing product. Complements are goods that can be combined with others. For example, in asian markets, soy sauce is often a complement to rice. If the price in soy sauce is dramatically lowered, this may create a higher demand for the rice to go with it. 3) As the income of customers change, so their buying habits. Income elasticity of demand measures the change that occurs due to the income specifically (rather than...
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...Chapter 7: Elasticity 1 What you will learn in this chapter 1. Define and measure elasticity of demand and elasticity of supply. 2. Determine the relationship between demand elasticity and total revenue. 3. Understand the factors that determine elasticity of demand and elasticity of supply. Punchline • Imagine that some event drives up the price of gasoline (think about two examples) • How would consumers respond to the higher price? • By how much would consumption of gasoline fall? Answer to the gasoline question • Many studies have examined consumers’ response to gasoline prices. • Consumption responds more in the long run than it does in the short run. • A 10% increase in the gasoline prices reduces gas consumption by about 2.5% after a year and about 6% after five years. Roadmap 1. Elasticity of demand 2. Measurement of price elasticity 3. Elasticity and total revenue 4. Determinants of price elasticity of demand 5. Other demand elasticity measures 6. Elasticity of supply 7. Determinants of price elasticity of supply Elasticity of demand • The price elasticity of demand is a measure of how much consumers respond to changes in price. • Total revenue that one receives from selling a good is the price of the good times the quantity sold: TR = P*Q • Seller’s dilemma: raise or lower the price? • Can be solved by knowing the elasticity of demand. Measurement of price elasticity • Problem: we cannot measure consumers’ responsiveness to changes in price by looking at...
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...Business Task 2 Egt1: Task 2 A) Elasticity of demand is describes as the degree of percentage change in demand for a good or service due to variation in price. Elasticity measurements can be expressed by three types of demand; inelastic demand, unit elastic demand, or relatively elastic demand. To determine the percentage of change in demand for a product or service the price elasticity equation and coefficient are used. The coefficient Ed is defined as “the percentage change in quantity demanded of product divided by the percentage change in price of product X” (McConnell, Brue, Flynn, 2012, pg. 76) The three expressions of Ed are Elastic, Inelastic, and Unit Elasticity. Elastic demand occurs “if a specific percentage change in price results in a larger percentage change in quantity demanded” (McConnell, Brue, Flynn, 2012, pg. 77). For a product with inelastic demand Ed < 1. An example of elastic demand is when there is a 2% decrease in the price of chocolate that results in a 6% increase in quantity. Ed= .06/.02 = 3 Inelastic demand occurs “if a specific percentage change in price produces a smaller percentage change in quantity demanded.”(McConnell, Brue, Flynn, 2012, pg. 77) For products with inelastic demand Ed <1. An example of inelastic demand is when there’s a 2% decrease in the price of milk that results in a 1% increase of demand. Ed= .01/.02 = .5 Unit elasticity of demand occurs “where a percentage change in price and the resulting percentage change in...
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...Consumers [Consumer Choice & Elasticities] (Section 6) I. Definitions Utility [Felicity] (Satisfaction)- The benefit or satisfaction a person gets from a choice or action Marginal Utility (MU)- The additional utility someone gets from consuming an additional unit of a good. Marginal Utility Formula = ∆ Total Utility ∆ Quantity Law of Diminishing Marginal Utility- As someone consumes more of a good marginal utility will eventually decline (as consume more the increase in utility will be smaller each time) ExsMarginal Benefit (MB)- Maximum price a consumer is willing to pay for an additional unit of a product. The dollar value of a consumer’s utility of consuming an additional unit: So it f______ as consumption increases 1 II. The individual: Demand curve & consumer choice Marginal Benefit reexamined What does it really mean if a consumer is willing to pay up to (at most) $10 for an additional unit of the product. Marginal Utility per $ spent: MU Good A Price of good A Interpret: MU A P A Ex: Buying one more burrito (from 1 to 2) gives you an ↑ in utility of 10 & costs $5 2 A. Deriving a demand curve for slices of pizza for Carlos Slices 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Total Utility 0 200 390 570 740 900 1030 1130 1200 1240 MU if P MU X 200 P=$2 MU if P P=$1 MU if P P=$0.50 10 Cheeseburgers That cost $0.50 Total Utility 130 240 340 430 505 555 580 595 605 610 Slices 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 MU 130 MU P Carlos’...
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