...lecture on the, history of primary health care. The learning goals for this course are to discuss the principles of primary health care established at the 1978 International Conference on Primary Health Care as described in the Declaration of Alma-Ata, and then to recognize the potential of primary health care to help achieve Health for All. These are the overall aims for our course, and it's more specific learning objectives. I'd like to for you to try to be able to critically assess how to contribute to strengthening priority health care and achieving Health for All and I'd like for you to Keep this on a personal level. How can you as an individual contribute to this, and of course, many of you will be working organizations, and you can be thinking at the same time, how your organization, or how you and your role within that organization you can make a contribution in ways that you aren't already. And one of the other fundamental parts of the learning objective for this course will be to help you think a little bit more deeply about participatory methods in building community capacity to solve priority problems in varied healthcare settings. So this whole notion of community participation, community partnership, community empowerment, is a fundamental idea in primary health care, as expressed in Alma-Ata that's frequently missing from other versions of primary health care. And in particular the more...
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...A better future: Primary Health Care Primary health care is a term used to describe a system where a patient’s health care needs are attended to by the most appropriately trained individual. This method of health care delivery has been called a “team based approach” (Health Canada, 2006). Instead of seeing the doctor for every health concern, other health professionals such as nurse practitioners, pharmacists, dieticians or physiotherapists may be called upon to take care of your concerns. In this paper I will discuss the issues in primary health care from the literature review/article Primary health care and the social determinants of health: essential and complementary approaches for reducing inequities in health (2010). I will once again provide a summary of Romanow’s (2002) arguments and recommendations concerning primary health care, and do the same with the Accord on Health Care Renewal (2003) and the First Ministers’ Meeting on the Future of Health in Canada (2004) accord’s. As the paper progresses I will then analyze and evaluate how the Accord on Health Care Renewal (2003) and the First Ministers’ Meeting on the Future of Health in Canada (2004) accord’s ignored or exceeded Romanow’s (2002) recommendations concerning primary health care. Toward the paper’s end, I will explain what has happened in Ontario in regard to primary care since the Agreements and the Romanow Commission report (2002) release. Lastly to conclude the paper I will try to go in depth and explain if...
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...The Primary Care Clinic Page 1 Economic and social conditions that affect people’s lives determine their health. People who are poor are less likely to seek proper medical care, as opposed to people who are of middle-class status and above. Citizens with more social status, money, and education have an abundance of choices and control over things, such as the neighborhoods, their salaries, occupational opportunities, etc. The development of clinics has become increasingly more important since the passage of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act and the Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act of 2010. Politics influence clinics because when laws such as these are put in place, federal funds will follow. These acts will make healthcare more accessible to millions of people in the United States. Other influences would be how much of the state’s budget is allocated to healthcare and how that money is distributed amongst the state. It can also determine what positions will be funded, what equipment will be purchased, what programs should be adopted, and which current programs should be dropped. Social forces that can influence the development of this clinic could include; traditions, values and social trends of its community and patients. Its location could also have an influence because if it is in a poor location where the population is small, services may not be in high demand. It is very important that the stakeholders continuously assess the...
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...There has been a slow change in the patient’s habit of relying on the family physician for all the healthcare needs. Health systems are slowly recognizing one of the most important elements of PHC or Primary Healthcare and it is the team approach. In this approach all the healthcare professionals from different disciplines work in sync with one another to enhance the care, bring down the service duplication and at the same time ensure that patients have access to healthcare professionals at the time of their needs. The Hudson Bay team has been working for the past 6 ½ years and comprises of many healthcare professionals. The team has physicians, nurse practitioners and even addiction and mental health specialists (Hudson Bay Team, 2007). The official website of the Hudson Bay Team (Heartland Health Region) is http://www.hrha.sk.ca/phc/default.html. The PHC is based on the 5 principles of the Canada Health Act and the Hudson Nay has adopted the following ways in compliance to the act: 1. Accessibility: HealthLine and Smoker’s Helpline, that work outside of regular office hours HealthLine OnLine with website access on 24/7 bases Whether residents need with their medication, rehabilitation exercises, cleaning, or meal preparation, team works tirelessly to provide home care clients with the specialized care they need. 2. Intersectoral Collaboration In addition to medical professionals, the team also enlists the help of other community members...
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...11/2/2015 11/2/2015 Integration of Mental Health and Primary Care Integration of Mental Health and Primary Care Roberts, Jada LeTourneau University Roberts, Jada LeTourneau University Integration of Mental Health and Primary Care The nation’s mental health policy emphasizes the prevention of mental disorders. People with mental health issues are said to have access to quality care that helps advocate for recovery. Health is recognized as a condition of total physical, mental, and social well-being not only the absenteeism of infirmity or disease (Funk, Saraceno, Drew, and Faydi, 2008). With that being said, healthcare systems have not been meeting the requirements for providing mental health care to populations. Here are a few reasons why the government should reform the mental health policy into integration with primary care in which the ACA would provide. Integrating mental health and primary care will produce better health outcomes for both those suffering from mental disorders and those who suffer from physical problems. There are approximately 7.3 billion people in the world. Out of those 7.3 billion more than 33 million are using health care services for mental health issues (Petterson, Miller, Payne-Murphy, & Phillips, 2014). Not very many people receive treatment due to their conditions co-existing with other medical problems. Occasionally, mental health patients can have physical health issues such as HIV/AIDS, cancer, etc. Some patients...
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...Is Cultural Health Capital a Booster Shot for Primary Care in Population Health? A primary care preventive care service and a curative health service that can be incorporated into broader population health efforts The prevalence of childhood obesity is unquestionably one of the most irking problems in the public health system in the United States. Research indicates that the percentage of children between 6-11 years of age who are obese increased from 7% to almost 20% between 1980 - 2008 (Homer and Simpson, 2007). Obese adolescents (ages 12-19) increased from 5% to 18% during this same period. Nearly 25 million children in the United States are overweight or obese (Clinton J. Foundation, 2012; Centers for Disease and Prevention, 2011). Obesity is a preventable problem that has gained national attention. Through some recent efforts to curb childhood obesity such as on school health policies and practices, reduced diets and lifestyle changes are creating a difference. The recent Affordable Healthcare Act offers Obesity Screening and Counseling Services to both adults and children as a preventive care service. The management or treatments of those who are overweight or obese with various antagonizing health problems such as high cholesterol, high blood pressure, heart diseases, type 2 diabetes, colon cancers, and other health problems are challenging and costly (Centers for Disease and Prevention, 2011). Incorporating the Obesity screening and counseling services into a broader...
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...BODY FAT PERCENTAGE Body fat percentage is the percentage of fat that your body contains. The purpose of calculating Body Fat Percentage The amount of body fat that you do or do not have can be potentially dangerous to your health. Carrying too much body fat can increase your risk of developing serious health problems such as high blood pressure, high cholesterol, heart disease, diabetes, and cancer. Too little body fat deprives your body of stored energy, protection of your organs and can potentially cause your body to enter a state of catabolism, which is when your body begins to use muscle protein as fuel. Calculation of Body Fat Percentage For Men: Before you use the formulas, there are two measurements that are required: Measurement 1: Bodyweight Measurement 2: Waist Girth (measured at the umbilicus) Procedure: 1) Multiply your bodyweight by 1.082. Add the result to 94.42. Once your calculation is complete, save the number. à (Bodyweight x 1.082) + 94.42=Result 1 2) Multiply your waist girth by 4.15. Once you get this result, subtract it from the number obtained in step 1 (ie: Step 1 result-Step 2 result). The result obtained after the subtraction is done is your lean bodyweight (your weight if you had no fat in your body at all). à Result 1 - (Waist Girth x 4.15)= Lean Body Weight 3) Finally, subtract your lean bodyweight from your total bodyweight (Total weight-Lean Bodyweight). Once you get the result, multiply that number by 100. Once you get the result divide it...
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...Nordic Journal of African Studies 12(1): 23-38 (2003) CONFLICT MANAGEMENT IN SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN OSUN STATE, NIGERIA OLU OKOTONI and ABOSEDE OKOTONI Obafemi Awolowo University, Nigeria ABSTRACT This paper examines the management of conflicts in the administration of secondary schools in Osun State, Nigeria. It also identifies, discusses and analyses the causes as well as the various ways conflicts manifested in the administration of secondary schools in the state. The effects of conflicts on school administration are equally examined. Quantitative and qualitative data were generated from both primary and secondary sources. The paper shows that administration of secondary schools in the state was hampered by high rate of conflicts. Several types of conflicts were identified in the schools among which were conflicts between management and staff, between staff and students, between the communities and schools, and inter-personal conflicts, to mention a few. The causes of conflicts in schools in the state included inadequate welfare package for workers, forceful and compulsory retirement/retrenchment of workers, administrative incompetence, personality clashes, role conflicts, and non-involvement of students in school administration. The fact that most of the school administrators were not knowledgeable in conflict management, coupled with the absence of laid down procedures for conflict management in most schools contributed to the high rate of conflicts...
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...HEALTH LITERACY, PERCEIVED MEDICATION BENEFITS, MEDICATION ADHERENCE AND HEALTH-SEEKING BEHAVIOUR AND MEDICATION ADHERENCE AMONG PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC ILLNESSES ATTENDING PRIMARY CARE IN RURAL COMMUNITIES OF IKENNE LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA, NIGERIA INTRODUCTION Background and Scope of the Study The main aim of any attempted remediation of a health problem of patients in a health system is to achieve certain desired health outcomes in the patient. These desired outcomes however might not be realizable if the patients are not strictly following prescribed treatment even when the health care professionals have performed their part effectively. The synergy of the relationship between low literacy, patient decision - making, and compliance with prescribed medication use makes it quite difficult to achieve the desired outcomes in medical therapy (Nutbeam, 2008, Atulomah et al, 2010) of overall increase in health status. Health literacy is defined as the capacity of individuals to obtain, interpret and understand basic health information and services, as well as the competence and motivation to use such information and services in ways that enhance their health (Institute of Medicine, 2004) Several studies have been have been conducted to evaluate peoples level of literacy and adherence to medication. Health literacy rates in developed countries have been conducted in the United States (USA), United Kingdom (UK), Australia, and Canada to evaluate the rate of health literacy...
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...Analyse debates about foreign aid to improve health outcomes in a particular country or region. In your opinion, what is needed to improve health outcomes in poor (aid recipient) countries and/or communities? South Sudan South Sudan separated from Sudan and gained its independence in 2011. This world's newest country has the third-largest oil reserves in Sub-Saharan Africa and yet it has one of the world's poorest population --- 50.6% of a population of, approximately 11 million people, is living below the national poverty line. From 2006 to 2010, South Sudan received approximately one billion US dollars from foreign aid and a total of $1.4 billion US dollars one year after its independence. Sharing an oil-rich border with North Sudan, 98% of the government's budget relies on its oil revenue, What is the role of foreign aid in South Sudan? Foreign aid agencies have contributed billions of dollars during the period when South Sudan is signing the Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA) and after its independence in 2011 (Ajak, Larson, & Pritchett, 2013). This money didn’t go directly to South Sudan's government. But it funded almost everything including water, food, security training, drugs, textbooks and a range of other services. Also, 4/5 of health care in South Sudan is provided by outside groups. Services and funding are provided by a number of national and international NGOs and the United Nations (UN) agencies that operate in the region...
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...unacceptable. Health as a socio-economic issue and as a human right[edit] The third section called for economic and social development as a pre-requisite to the attainment of health for all. It also declared positive effects on economic and social development and on world peace through promotion and protection of health of the people. Participation of people as a group or individually in planning and implementing their health care was declared as a human right and duty. Role of the state[edit] This section emphasized on the role of the state in providing adequate health and social measures. This section enunciated the call for "Health for All" which became a campaign of the WHO in the coming years. It defined Health for All as the attainment by all peoples of the world by the year 2000 of a level of health that will permit them to lead a socially and economically productive life. The declaration urged governments, international organizations and the whole world community to take this up as a main social target in the spirit of social justice. Primary health care and components[edit] This section defined primary health care and urged signatories to incorporate the concept of primary health care in their health systems. Primary health care has since been adopted by many member nations. More recently, Margaret Chan, the Director-General of the WHO has reaffirmed the primary health care approach as the most efficient and cost-effective way to organize a health system. She also...
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...time * * * NOTES: Wednesday, January 18, 2012 * * What is Health? Mental/physical well-being WHO (1948): “..a state of completely well-being, physical, social, and mental and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity” Most commonly used definition, but still can have criticisms… Exs: “not just a STATE/fixed nature…it can also be dynamic and change within a person” Well-being is very broad and can vary in def. among cultures and ppl “completely healthy”: In many ways, we’ve set ourself up to failure..but we’re never going to reach this broad term..hard to measure/quantify a fundamental human right regardless of age/class/gender a resource for everyday life, not just the object of living health is not the mean of itself, it’s a mean for a greater ends it takes time/energy/resources when youre sick that can otherwise be spent in education/artistic creation/ ec. And social endeavors so we want healthy ppl so we can have ppl pursue these avenues and be productive ppl that can contribute to society * A formal Definition of Public health …what we, as a society, do collectively to assure the conditions in which people can be healthy (IOM 1999) collective nature, and what we can do to improve as a whole not a lot of ppl in the public know what public health is..(thus she added stickers to ppt slide) A Lay Definition of Public Health Concerned with the health of populations Works to prevent injury, illness and death at the population level ...
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...Research analyzing is a process in which a research undergoes a careful examination for its strength and weakness. Analyzing a research gives the nurse a chance to know the credibility of the study, its findings to see the evidence base for practice or utilization or application of the findings into the care practice. This paper is about analysis of a research conducted in relation to wound care in primary health care. This research took place in Stockholm, Sweden. The study shows a descriptive quantitative approach in investigating district nurse wound care management. Protection of Human Participants For this study district nurses (DNs) working at primary health care centers (PHCs) were randomly selected, to make sure that differences between sample and population are a function of chance. The nurses got information in writing and verbally the reason for the study and that the information used will be confidential. Participants remained anonymous in the results presentation. Ethics Research Committee at Karolinska Institute gave an approval for the research proposed. In addition, the researchers got permission from director in each health care to obtain samples. Twenty-three primary healthcare centers met the research criteria but only five randomly were selected from Stockholm, Sweden and two sub-urbs for the study. No force for participation found. Data Collection The study involved a survey based on the questionnaire and the wound registration form, thus the descriptive...
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...2) Environmental Issues 3) Primary Prevention/Health Promotion 4) Secondary Prevention/Screenings for a Vulnerable Population Planning Before Teaching: Name and Credentials of Teacher: Christine Gallagher, RN, Charity Poku, RN, DustyBarnett, RN , and Lynn Myers, RN | Estimated Time Teaching Will Last:1.5 hours | Location of Teaching:Community Fitness Center | Supplies, Material, Equipment Needed:PowerPoint equipment, handouts, pamphlets, fitness facility.All participants must bring proof of medical clearance to participate in physical activity. | Estimated Cost:$500.00. Monies raised by donations and volunteers. | Community and Target Aggregate:The underserved and low-income aggregate of Houston, Texas. | Topic:The Importance of Aerobic Physical Activity and Good Nutrition for a Healthy Lifestyle. | Epidemiological Rationale for Topic (statistics related to topic): Houston, Texas is a community characterized by unhealthy options of its residents when it comes to physical activity and nutrition. Houston ranks high nationally in both obesity and inactivity. Persons in low income and targeted areas are key contributors to poor exercise habits, poor diet and lack of accessible fruit and vegetables. Nursing Diagnosis: High risk for more than the body requirements related to lack of nutritional knowledge and sedentary lifestyles as evidenced by high rates of obesity and little access to physical activities and health related lifestyles. Readiness for...
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...atrial fibrillation in a primary care setting. I will discuss the patient’s original presentation, including analysis and interpretation of his 12 lead electrocardiogram (ECG), diagnosis and subsequent management. Throughout the assignment I will discuss local and national guidelines and the evidence behind the chosen management for this client. For the purpose of this assignment the client will be referred to as Mr. Jones. Cardiac arrhythmias affect more than 700,000 people in England is one of the top ten reasons for hospital admission (Department of Health 2005). Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common and important cardiac arrhythmia, it the most common of all the arrhythmias seen in general practice. AF affects 5% of the UK population over the age of 65 years, rising to 10% in those over 75 years of age (Kirby 2005). The principal significance, both to the patient and the healthcare system is the increased risk of embolic stroke. Atrial fibrillation is associated with 15% of all strokes and with 36% of strokes in patients over the age of 60 (Hobbs 1999). Having a diagnosis of AF increases the risk of stroke five fold. It is an arrhythmia associated with serious morbidity, mortality and health service utilisation. AF and its complications now consume 1% of the United Kingdom National Health Service budget (Watson, Shanstila, and Lip 2007). Despite this it is an area that frequently remains unrecognised in general practices. Within primary care AF is an area that has...
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