...Renaissance and more specifically the 15th century in Europe, Johannes Gutenberg invented the printing press. The most important consequences of this invention are the increased production of books, the spread of knowledge, and the spread of a new religion. By changing the method for reproduction of books from handwriting to printing, the printing press created a better way of copying books. By comparing an advertisement about copying texts from the15th century and a woodcut that shows copying in the 16th century, it can be observed that the method for book reproduction is much faster and much easier.(doc #1) Being fast and easy, the printing method also became very cheap. The printing press created a more efficient way of reproducing books than the ones people used before that. By making the reproduction of books so much better, the printing press created a positive feedback loop that allowed more and more people to copy books. When maps that show the locations of the printing press in 1471 and 1500 are...
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...The Printing Press Introduction: The Advancement The advancement in question is the printing press, a technological innovation that profoundly altered human culture. It may be argued, in fact, that this advancement revolutionized humanity and society in a manner rivaled only by the modern advent of the Internet. Moreover, as will be discussed, these were impacts with both varied and far-reaching consequences: “Paper and printing paved the way for religious reformation and made possible popular education” (Thompson, 1978, p. 167). It is then all the more astonishing that such consequences could arise from so simple a mechanism, or that its development would be realized as late as the 15th century. What is generally considered the original version of the modern printing press is a machine consisting of several key components. A long wooden table provides the surface for setting out the paper and ink, and these are then placed under the upright frame of the press itself. Before this step, however, every stage requires exacting work. First, the type is needed, which are metal blocks with raised letters, numbers, and punctuation marks on one end. This type is then arranged to spell out the document, smeared with ink, and lowered by the frame onto the paper by means of a large and adjustable screw, supported by a cross beam (Hook, 2009, p. 46). The press is, again, hardly an impressive-looking feat of engineering. Essentially, it looks...
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...The Printing Press and how it shaped our modern world To center a line in Microsoft Word, select Format | Paragraph from the main toolbar, and then on the Indents and Spacing tab beside the word Alignment choose Center from the drop-down list. Introduction to the Humanities Professor You can insert the date in Microsoft Word by selecting Insert | Date and Time… from the main toolbar and selecting a style. Date 05/14/2011 Prior to 1440 everything read in Europe was copied by hand or copied from wooden blocks carved by hand. This was very expensive and time consuming. The only people who were literate were those of the church and a small percentage of nobility. That all changed with Johanes Gutenber’s creation of the printing press. Johann Gutenberg managed to bring together technologies known for centuries before him, adding the idea for movable metal type. This led to the mass production of books, being them more available to the general public. The invention of the printing press helped ideas spread quickly making things easier for the reform of the Church and the development of modern sciences. "Renaissance" means "rebirth" in French and stands for the cultural, intellectual and economic changes that occurred in Europe from the fourteenth century and lasted through the sixteenth century. However, the Renaissance was not the first rebirth of learning during the Middle Ages since many beautiful cathedrals had previously been built using classical styles: universities...
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...Although the Chinese experimented with block printing by the 11th century, Johannes Gutenberg created movable type in the 15th century and invented a machine that is widely known as the printing press (History of the Printing Press, 2007, The Story section, para. 2). This significant discovery led to the publication of books that promoted literacy and expanded knowledge. This paper provides a background and analysis of the social, economic, and political factors that influenced this important discovery. As a result of this invention, the expansion of knowledge challenged many traditional beliefs and created a paradigm shift in human relationships among different regions of the world. There were Social, Economic, and Political Factors that played a huge role in the printing press as well. During the late medieval times, society was making a change into the coming years. Occurring was a pickup in social factors that lead to emerging capitalism, this sparked off more literacy among the wealthy and upper, middle-class. With new interest of literacy and knowledge, the printing press did not satisfy the demand. Manuscripts, prior to the discovery of the printing press, took years to develop. Thereafter, pages were published using time-consuming wood graving techniques with limited reusability. Pages were compromised of a number of blocks jointed together to raise the words off the page and were then pressed and copied onto another (Ament, 2007). Gutenberg first experimented...
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...Printing Press The Ancient Catalyst of Culture DeVry University Humanities 303 Printing Press, the Ancient Catalyst of Culture How did we get to the latest art form of printing, the wireless printer? Through years of evolutional design and determination, this technology was possible. The printing press allowed people to learn different styles of the art of printing, education, arts, literature, and cultural differences quicker, and learning was more widespread, in addition; it provided the world with the most efficient means of communication of the written word through mass production. I will show how the decision of humankind to advance the printing presses worthiness did advance literacy in many cultures. Through the printing presses, humble beginnings of block printing to the latest technological advancements, the printing press has continued to evolve in one form or other. The printing presses evolution would not be complete without some prior knowledge of how it all began; therefore, a little history is necessary to fully understand the evolutional picture of communicational needs and the printing press. In ancient times before the beginning of a written dialogue, when reading and writing was nonexistent, communication was nothing more than some obscured hand drawings on clay tablets or cave walls. Communication was limited to the imagination of the ancient artist who wanted to explain life’s surrounding and how to survive. The validation of communications in religion...
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...learning. The change in social life is inseparable from the endeavours of technology and social science. Information system as a dominating force created by Technology and Information science are precisely the leading factors in the advancement of such systems. Most of modern Information systems banks on the technical side of IT and information contents such as peoples activities including management, decision making and support operations. Thus, the information system provides an incentive to promote efficiency at work and improve the overall quality of life. The aim of this essay is to address the information systems that have changed the way we work and collaborate in significant ways from two aspects: the virtual organisation and the printing press. The main body will consists an analysis with examples on the impact of these two technologies and the power of Information that has quickly transformed societies by influencing the way people work and live. Main Body Considering the new paradigm of work-anywhere, anytime, in cyberspace or real space. The virtual workplace in which workers function remotely from each other and managers, is becoming a reality now and all indications are that it will become more widespread in the future. Thus a Virtual organisation signifies a new organisational form that facilitates technological demands (Black & Edwards, 2000). Therefore the virtual organisation can be defined as an information-intensive organisation form (Child & McGrath, 2001)...
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...Printing press is a machine that transfers lettering or images with the contact of various forms of inked surfaces onto papers or similar kind of material into different ways. Printing press is used for printing many copies of a text on papers to form a book or similar kinds of reading material. Around 1446 several print masters were on the process creating effective technology of printing with movable metal type. The rapid cultural change in Europe fueled a growing need for the rapid and cheap production of written documents. A number of people had previously attempted to make a metal type movable printing press, but it was not until a method was invented for producing metal type in large quantities that printing with movable type became economically practicable. Johannes Gutenberg, the son of a noble family of Mainz, Germany was the first person to demonstrate the practicability of movable type printing machine. Gutenberg, who was a stonecutter and goldsmith, invented an alloy of lead, tin and antinomy that would melt at low temperature, cast well in the die, and is durable in the press (Kreis, 2011). As long as the metal in which they were cast did not wear down, it was possible to use and reuse the separate pieces of type, simply by arranging them in the desired order. The innovation of type from an alloy was durable and produced high quality printed books and was suitable for printing than the clay, wooden or bronze types which were already invented in East Asia. The mirror...
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...general students in the university. His friends described him as friendly and outgoing with the uncanny ability of getting things done and getting the best out of people around him. One complain that was there against him was that he was a control-freak as well as being over-meticulous. On the other hand, the origins of Ashraful was very humble. His father was a retired agricultural officer in Bhairab, Kishoreganj. Ashraful was the eldest son in the family, with two younger brothers and two younger sisters. One of his sisters was still unmarried while his immediate younger brother was currently studying engineering in Russia. That meant that the responsibility of the entire family was on his shoulders. Any decision he took now would have a consequence on his entire family and he knew...
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...The End of Europe's Middle Ages Language and Literature -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Until the sixteenth century, Latin was the official language of law, government, business, education and religion in Western Europe. The Latin of written communication was generally considered learned, or high, Latin and composition of documents followed standard guidelines regardless of where the document was written. On the other hand, the common, or Vulgar, Latin was a living language, mingling with and borrowing from regional dialects to suit the needs of local populations. As Vulgar Latin adapted more and more to the native language of a region, it became less recognizable to people outside that area. This process of individualization occurred relatively quickly for oral Latin and the many vernacular languages of Europe that we recognize today were already forming at the beginning of the Middle Ages. The official nature of writing and the predominance of an oral culture meant that written Latin accepted these regional variations at a much slower pace and excerpts from the Vulgate Bible and other patristic writings remained the standard grammatical texts until the Renaissance revived an insistence on classical Latin. Learning Latin in the Middle Ages During the fourteenth century in Italy, there appeared renewed interest in all things classical. This same interest, applied to classical Latin, spelled the end of...
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...Effects of Mass Media Trevor Stanton HUM/186 January 22, 2014 Effects of Mass Media During the last century there were several major developments in the evolution of mass media. These developments are the evolution of the print, electronic, and digital eras which now encompass modern day media. These three eras have significantly affected American culture and economics, while ushering in a new standard of mass communications. While paper printing can be traced back to China as early as 100 c.e, modern printing did not emerge until the mid-fifteenth century. At that time, the printing press was introduced. The printing press was a conglomerate of machine duplication, rapid duplication, and faster production. These three elements were necessary for mass-market innovation. Information and ideas could now be spread faster and farther than ever before. With the evolution of the printing press, production of mass quantities at lower costs per unit became essential in mass production of other goods. This led to the Industrial Revolution, modern capitalism, and the consumer culture of the twentieth century. “With the revolution in industry came the rise of the middle class and an elite business class of owners and managers who acquired the kind of influence formerly held only by the nobility or the clergy. Print media became key tools that commercial and political leaders used to distribute information and maintain social order”. (Campbell, R., Martin, C., & Fabos, B. (2012)....
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...just as difficult to paint a good picture of flowers as it was to make a picture of figures.” (Measher, 2008) Still life paintings allowed the artist the ability to paint with greater detail and depth. Many still life paintings were from oil based paintings. iv. A wonderful example of Vermeer and Dutch Art was the Milkmaid painting by Johannes Vermeer during the time of 1657-58. This painting could be considered to be one of the final works of the Delft artist years and to which he developed different styles and forms from other painters. During this same time he began to bring forth effects based on his observation and begin to fine tune them to his artistic ability. II.) Literature c. Renaissance v. The printing press was considered to be one of the factors which in turn helped accelerate the spread of...
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...Assess the significance of the role of individuals in the development of reformation, protest and rebellion, in Late Medieval Europe. Conversely, it can also be implied that the influence of such individuals is less important than certain other factors. This includes the invention of Gutenberg’s printing press in 1440, which resulted in the rapid spread of humanist ideas throughout the state. Bibles could now be freely distributed, meaning they were no longer owned only by the Church. Combined with the founding of many universities, it was clear that the educational rate of Germany was on the rise. This meant that an increasing population was becoming progressively inspired to place pressure on the upper-classes to make concessions of equality. Additionally, ifLuther not had access to the printing press, it is unlikely that he would have had as profound an influence upon Europe, and the Protestant religion would not have been created. However, the creation of Guttenberg’s letterpress came too late for both England and Bohemia. The fact that two revolts of similar nature had taken place beforehand indicates that the stimulus of Gutenberg’s invention is negligible, and therefore an incrucial factor in developing reformation, protest and rebellion in Late Medieval Europe. An issue in England, Germany and Bohemia, Taxation Arguably, the frequency of such risings within Europe, and the ease with which such prophets inflamed the common people, demonstrates the instability...
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...on PRINT media or we can say that it is the oldest media of mass communication. Greater masses can abstract the information after its emergence. They allow reader to control exposure. In the beginning (1947), Pakistan started a weak press with very little rules and regulations (very few news). Not a single newspaper was published in East Pakistan and Baluchistan, but in the NWFP (now Khyber Pakhtoonkhwa) had two daily newspapers. These newspapers were owned by Muslims who had migrated to Pakistan. Including Daily Azad and Moring news (shifted to Dhaka), Jang, dawn and anjam (in Karachi) After Pakistan came in to his existence, a number of newspapers were published, but due to financial problems and many other reasons, they did not continue their publication such as ROSHNI, INQALAB and MUSALMAN. English press was not so strong at that time due to problems like lack of education and development. Not a single daily had been published from the area of East Pakistan from 1947 to 1971. The first news agency was APP (Associated Press of Pakistan). It was established in 1947. It was a private news agency since 1947 to 1961. Government took its control on 1961 by an ordinance. Except APP, there are six more agencies in Pakistan: PPI (Pakistan Press International) 1968, PA (Pakistan Agency) 1992, UNA (United news agency) and NNI (News Network International) 1992. With the passage of time the role of media is increasing day by...
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...Culture The turn of the century introduced America to a whole new way of how we receive mass media. Smart phones, IPhones and IPads are just a few ways the American people can have media at their fingertips. “We have an app for that” used to be just a play on words, but in today’s society there really is an app for everything. Whether it be Hollywood drama, world news or what’s going on in the neighborhood, Americans have the ability to stay in the know every minute of the day. Mass production of print media was made possible by Jonannes Gutenburg in the 15th century with the invention of the movable type press, until then books were hand written and no two were ever the same. While a hand operated press produced 480 pages per hour, in the 1800’s a German printer, Friedrich Koenig, hooked a steam engine to a printing press and industerlized printed media. By the 1930’s printing presses could produce 3,000 pages an hour. The American people could now get the local news and gossip via newspaper. In 1837 Samuel Morris patent the electric telegraph, thus paving the road for broadcast mass media and putting an end to physical transportation of messages. The telegraph made communication possible through telegraph lines and in 1858 the first transatlantic lines were laid, making communication between the United States and Europe almost instant. By the 1920’s the first major form of non-print mass media was readily available. The radio was less expensive than a telephone and large...
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...Historical Foundations Laketa Byrd American InterContinental University Abstract Latin was once the official language used in religion, education, law, business and government until the sixteenth century. Although Latin’s were able to adapt to the native language of other regions, the Latin language became less used and less recognizable to people and many vernacular languages were already beginning to form and spread. Because the vernacular language was easier for anyone to be able to read and write, it became the native language in the later part of the middle ages. Before this time, most texts and literature was written by either the French or Latin and only by those that were superior in literacy and education, professional and rich as they were the main ones using and able to read and write in Latin. When average everyday people started learning how to read and write, they created their own language as a way of communicating with each other, the vernacular language. This language was later used in in everyday life. In this report, I’ll discuss the origin of the vernacular language, how it became widespread and the impact this language had on society, religion and the Latin language. Historical Foundations Latin was once the only language of the Roman Catholic Church and was one of many common languages being used to worship God and was mainly used among the rich and those that were educated and highly literate to help people from...
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