...Effects of Mass Media Trevor Stanton HUM/186 January 22, 2014 Effects of Mass Media During the last century there were several major developments in the evolution of mass media. These developments are the evolution of the print, electronic, and digital eras which now encompass modern day media. These three eras have significantly affected American culture and economics, while ushering in a new standard of mass communications. While paper printing can be traced back to China as early as 100 c.e, modern printing did not emerge until the mid-fifteenth century. At that time, the printing press was introduced. The printing press was a conglomerate of machine duplication, rapid duplication, and faster production. These three elements were necessary for mass-market innovation. Information and ideas could now be spread faster and farther than ever before. With the evolution of the printing press, production of mass quantities at lower costs per unit became essential in mass production of other goods. This led to the Industrial Revolution, modern capitalism, and the consumer culture of the twentieth century. “With the revolution in industry came the rise of the middle class and an elite business class of owners and managers who acquired the kind of influence formerly held only by the nobility or the clergy. Print media became key tools that commercial and political leaders used to distribute information and maintain social order”. (Campbell, R., Martin, C., & Fabos, B. (2012)....
Words: 662 - Pages: 3
...just as difficult to paint a good picture of flowers as it was to make a picture of figures.” (Measher, 2008) Still life paintings allowed the artist the ability to paint with greater detail and depth. Many still life paintings were from oil based paintings. iv. A wonderful example of Vermeer and Dutch Art was the Milkmaid painting by Johannes Vermeer during the time of 1657-58. This painting could be considered to be one of the final works of the Delft artist years and to which he developed different styles and forms from other painters. During this same time he began to bring forth effects based on his observation and begin to fine tune them to his artistic ability. II.) Literature c. Renaissance v. The printing press was considered to be one of the factors which in turn helped accelerate the spread of...
Words: 1247 - Pages: 5
...Assess the significance of the role of individuals in the development of reformation, protest and rebellion, in Late Medieval Europe. Conversely, it can also be implied that the influence of such individuals is less important than certain other factors. This includes the invention of Gutenberg’s printing press in 1440, which resulted in the rapid spread of humanist ideas throughout the state. Bibles could now be freely distributed, meaning they were no longer owned only by the Church. Combined with the founding of many universities, it was clear that the educational rate of Germany was on the rise. This meant that an increasing population was becoming progressively inspired to place pressure on the upper-classes to make concessions of equality. Additionally, ifLuther not had access to the printing press, it is unlikely that he would have had as profound an influence upon Europe, and the Protestant religion would not have been created. However, the creation of Guttenberg’s letterpress came too late for both England and Bohemia. The fact that two revolts of similar nature had taken place beforehand indicates that the stimulus of Gutenberg’s invention is negligible, and therefore an incrucial factor in developing reformation, protest and rebellion in Late Medieval Europe. An issue in England, Germany and Bohemia, Taxation Arguably, the frequency of such risings within Europe, and the ease with which such prophets inflamed the common people, demonstrates the instability...
Words: 527 - Pages: 3
...on PRINT media or we can say that it is the oldest media of mass communication. Greater masses can abstract the information after its emergence. They allow reader to control exposure. In the beginning (1947), Pakistan started a weak press with very little rules and regulations (very few news). Not a single newspaper was published in East Pakistan and Baluchistan, but in the NWFP (now Khyber Pakhtoonkhwa) had two daily newspapers. These newspapers were owned by Muslims who had migrated to Pakistan. Including Daily Azad and Moring news (shifted to Dhaka), Jang, dawn and anjam (in Karachi) After Pakistan came in to his existence, a number of newspapers were published, but due to financial problems and many other reasons, they did not continue their publication such as ROSHNI, INQALAB and MUSALMAN. English press was not so strong at that time due to problems like lack of education and development. Not a single daily had been published from the area of East Pakistan from 1947 to 1971. The first news agency was APP (Associated Press of Pakistan). It was established in 1947. It was a private news agency since 1947 to 1961. Government took its control on 1961 by an ordinance. Except APP, there are six more agencies in Pakistan: PPI (Pakistan Press International) 1968, PA (Pakistan Agency) 1992, UNA (United news agency) and NNI (News Network International) 1992. With the passage of time the role of media is increasing day by...
Words: 274 - Pages: 2
...Culture The turn of the century introduced America to a whole new way of how we receive mass media. Smart phones, IPhones and IPads are just a few ways the American people can have media at their fingertips. “We have an app for that” used to be just a play on words, but in today’s society there really is an app for everything. Whether it be Hollywood drama, world news or what’s going on in the neighborhood, Americans have the ability to stay in the know every minute of the day. Mass production of print media was made possible by Jonannes Gutenburg in the 15th century with the invention of the movable type press, until then books were hand written and no two were ever the same. While a hand operated press produced 480 pages per hour, in the 1800’s a German printer, Friedrich Koenig, hooked a steam engine to a printing press and industerlized printed media. By the 1930’s printing presses could produce 3,000 pages an hour. The American people could now get the local news and gossip via newspaper. In 1837 Samuel Morris patent the electric telegraph, thus paving the road for broadcast mass media and putting an end to physical transportation of messages. The telegraph made communication possible through telegraph lines and in 1858 the first transatlantic lines were laid, making communication between the United States and Europe almost instant. By the 1920’s the first major form of non-print mass media was readily available. The radio was less expensive than a telephone and large...
Words: 905 - Pages: 4
...Historical Foundations Laketa Byrd American InterContinental University Abstract Latin was once the official language used in religion, education, law, business and government until the sixteenth century. Although Latin’s were able to adapt to the native language of other regions, the Latin language became less used and less recognizable to people and many vernacular languages were already beginning to form and spread. Because the vernacular language was easier for anyone to be able to read and write, it became the native language in the later part of the middle ages. Before this time, most texts and literature was written by either the French or Latin and only by those that were superior in literacy and education, professional and rich as they were the main ones using and able to read and write in Latin. When average everyday people started learning how to read and write, they created their own language as a way of communicating with each other, the vernacular language. This language was later used in in everyday life. In this report, I’ll discuss the origin of the vernacular language, how it became widespread and the impact this language had on society, religion and the Latin language. Historical Foundations Latin was once the only language of the Roman Catholic Church and was one of many common languages being used to worship God and was mainly used among the rich and those that were educated and highly literate to help people from...
Words: 1598 - Pages: 7
...ENVIRONMENT SUSTAINABILITY A STUDY ON PRINTING INDUSTRY – INDIA S. Maheswari PhD Research Scholar Dept. of Labour Studies Madurai kamaraj university Madurai. Tamilnadu – India. maheswarisakthivel@gmail.com Introduction: Environmental Sustainability is the next great challenge that India faces along its path to development. The report, that was released by Dr. Prodipto Ghosh, Secretary, Ministry of Environment and Forests, at a national-level workshop in New Delhi, says that owing to high population density, India’s rapidly growing economy will put unprecedented pressures on its environment and natural resources – land, water, air, soil, and forests. These pressures are projected to become the highest in the world by 2020. Environmental Sustainability is likely to become the next great challenge along India’s development path. Environmental institutions are improving. Impressive environmental awakening and good practice initiatives by various companies are taking place. The priority is to scale up these good practices across the country and reverse/improve environmental outcomes. The policy needs to be integrated into the set of parameters or guideposts any printer uses...
Words: 1820 - Pages: 8
...learning. The change in social life is inseparable from the endeavours of technology and social science. Information system as a dominating force created by Technology and Information science are precisely the leading factors in the advancement of such systems. Most of modern Information systems banks on the technical side of IT and information contents such as peoples activities including management, decision making and support operations. Thus, the information system provides an incentive to promote efficiency at work and improve the overall quality of life. The aim of this essay is to address the information systems that have changed the way we work and collaborate in significant ways from two aspects: the virtual organisation and the printing press. The main body will consists an analysis with examples on the impact of these two technologies and the power of Information that has quickly transformed societies by influencing the way people work and live. Main Body Considering the new paradigm of work-anywhere, anytime, in cyberspace or real space. The virtual workplace in which workers function remotely from each other and managers, is becoming a reality now and all indications are that it will become more widespread in the future. Thus a Virtual organisation signifies a new organisational form that facilitates technological demands (Black & Edwards, 2000). Therefore the virtual organisation can be defined as an information-intensive organisation form (Child & McGrath, 2001)...
Words: 2403 - Pages: 10
...T-SHIRT PRINTING! Print & Press (your t-shirt) White/Light colored shirts P120 Black/Dark colored shirts P130 Print & press (our t-shirt) White/Light colored shirts P220 Black/Dark colored shirts P230 Vinyl Print Any colored shirts P100 (your shirt) P200 (our shirt) PRICES DEPEND ON THE SIZE OF YOUR DESIGN. Note: Bring your own design. For more details, you may contact this number: 4221204/09327131211 WE ACCEPT DIGITAL T-SHIRT PRINTING! Print & Press (your t-shirt) White/Light colored shirts P120 Black/Dark colored shirts P130 Print & press (our t-shirt) White/Light colored shirts P220 Black/Dark colored shirts P230 Vinyl Print Any colored shirts P100 (your shirt) P200 (our shirt) PRICES DEPEND ON THE SIZE OF YOUR DESIGN. Note: Bring your own design. For more details, you may contact this number: 4221204/09327131211 WE ACCEPT DIGITAL T-SHIRT PRINTING! Print & Press (your t-shirt) White/Light colored shirts P120 Black/Dark colored shirts P130 Print & press (our t-shirt) White/Light colored shirts P220 Black/Dark colored shirts P230 Vinyl Print Any colored shirts P100 (your shirt) P200 (our shirt) PRICES DEPEND ON THE SIZE OF YOUR DESIGN. Note: Bring your own design. For more details, you may contact this number: 4221204/09327131211 WE ACCEPT DIGITAL T-SHIRT PRINTING! Print...
Words: 288 - Pages: 2
...Chapter 1 The Problem and It’s Background Introduction In today’s modern world, technology has a great influence on our life and time. The creation of internet and other devices to access it has helped us to attain gigabytes of information, just with the click of our mouse. The internet has made it possible for us to acquire answers for almost all of the questions that we ask, and has alleviated the access to information to almost every topic imaginable. Firstly, internet helps to save time and effort. All you need to do is type in your question and click SEARCH. It can give an answer to almost every question type in, and it is usually very quick, speedy and fast. Alternatively, the internet can sometimes provide us with unreliable information. It is like a blank page in which people are allowed to post whatever they want, and sometimes even the wrong information. The internet can be a source of unreliable and inaccurate information as it contains the judgment of different individuals and not the actual facts. On the other hand, according to the OSA Webster Nine – “Using books or other printed texts can waste time, as you need to find the appropriate book and then search for the information you need from it. On the contrary, printed texts can be a great source of reliable information. Books are written by experienced authors who have researched well about the topic themselves before publishing it. A library can assure you that the book in your hand is dependable and...
Words: 259 - Pages: 2
...HOMEWORK: TURN IN YOUR FORECASTS FOR THE NUMBER OF MACHINES YOU THINK XEROX COULD SELL THROUGH DIRECT SALES OR BY ESTABLISHING SERVICE CENTERS. SHOW YOUR ANALYSIS. IN A COUPLE OF SENTENCES TELL ME WHICH OPTION YOU FAVOR AND WHY? According to this case, the Xerox's BIT system is more economical when volume is less than 1000 copies, so the small presses which focus on brochures and pamphlets are more likely to use Xerox's machines. Among 40000 printing presses in the United States, excluding the top 25 accounted for 25% of industry volume and 500 printers accounted for another 25% of industry volume, the remaining 50% are accounted for small companies. Among these 20000 small presses, considering the Xerox's market share is 50%, I estimate the 80% of this market choose the Xerox's machines and compute the number is 16000 through direct sales. By establishing service centers, Xerox would enter into book production business and face some uncertain factors. According to Table E, the number of books is 624 million and on demand conversion potential is 37%, the volume that could be converted to "on demand" is approximately 231 million. The operating costs without (R&D) could be covered at production volume of 250000, if the Xerox occupies the 100% market share, I estimate the number of machines required is 924. So I think the number of machines that would be sold is no more than 900. What' more, If it makes success in book production industry, the share of machine market would...
Words: 357 - Pages: 2
...Johannes Gutenberg, in full Johann Gensfleisch zur Laden zum Gutenberg (born 14th century, Mainz [Germany]—died probably February 3, 1468, Mainz), German craftsman and inventor who originated a method of printing from movable type that was used without important change until the 20th century. The unique elements of his invention consisted of a mold, with punch-stamped matrices (metal prisms used to mold the face of the type) with which type could be cast precisely and in large quantities; a type-metal alloy; a new press, derived from those used in wine making, papermaking, and bookbinding; and an oil-based printing ink. None of these features existed in Chinese or Korean printing, or in the existing European technique of stamping letters on various surfaces, or in woodblock printing. Life Gutenberg was the son of a patrician of Mainz. What little information exists about him, other than that he had acquired skill in metalwork, comes from documents of financial transactions. Exiled from Mainz in the course of a bitter struggle between the guilds of that city and the patricians, Gutenberg moved to Strassburg (now Strasbourg, France) probably between 1428 and 1430. Records put his presence there from 1434 to 1444. He engaged in such crafts as gem cutting, and he also taught crafts to a number of pupils. Some of his partners, who became aware that Gutenberg was engaged in work that he kept secret from them, insisted that, since they had advanced him considerable sums, they...
Words: 1174 - Pages: 5
...The Printing Press What’s so important about the Printing Press? It had numerous reasons as to why it was so important, but this essay will just name a few. This will tell the reader who invented it and what inspired him to do so. It will explain the importance the printing press had at the time it was invented. Along with explaining how important the machine was at the time of its invention, this will also explain how the machine is still important today. It is important because it enabled books such as the bible to be produced and helped the spread of ideas. Johan Gutenberg lived in Strasberg, Germany in 1450 when he invented the Printing Press Movable. Information concerning Gutenberg’s life is minimal since history has little knowledge about him. One thing we do know is that he was born in Mainz, Germany, where he moved to and set up a printing shop and completed the first true book in the West produced by his movable printing press: The Bible, completed between 1455 -1456. Unfortunately, he lost his shop to a creditor. Gutenberg died at the age of seventy-one in the year 1468. Printing became one of the largest industries in the western world. It had an enormous impact on the intellectual society. New religious ideas would have never been able to spread with such speed and ease throughout Europe without the aid of printing press. The Bible commentaries, books of devotion, and sermons made up more than 50% of the publication printed and spread throughout Europe...
Words: 444 - Pages: 2
...wrote the “Ninety-Five Theses”, in the Ninety-Five Theses” he listed the reasons why he believed the church was corrupted due to their abuse of power. Luther posted his “Ninety-Five Theses” all around the city and on the church. His “Ninety-Five Theses” reached people and the pope as well. Through this act Luther gained many followers, but he was eventually excommunicated from the church and declared an outlaw. Being excommunicated meant that you would be cut out from contact with the church. If you were declared and outlaw this meant that it was against the law to do any service for Luther. Despite Luther being declared an outlaw, his teachings and ideas lived on. Luther’s work rapidly spread because he was able to use the movable type printing press to create copies of his “Ninety-Five Theses”. As Luther’s “95 Theses” spread, more people began questioning the power of the Church and questioned its policies. This lead to the Protestant Reformation. The Protestant reformation was a time where people decided to stop following church policies and norms. Nuns left their monasteries and convicts. They decided to part from the church and live their lives. (Derek, 2007) Part B Martin Luther King Jr. was an influential leader who was inspired by the work of Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi. MK Gandhi was also a leader, he used political non-violence strategies to help gain India gain freedom from the British. King used the same non-violence strategy that Gandhi did. King used Gandhi’s strategy...
Words: 606 - Pages: 3
...After having read the essay, “Does the Internet Make You Smarter?*”, I was immediately overwhelmed with thoughts about this particular topic. Clay Shirky, the writer of this essay, approaches this topic in a very comparative manner. He points out how the bulk of publicly available digital media being created by amateurs in today’s world, is comparable to the way the invention of the printing press made it possible for the flood of mediocre at best, contemporary literature to circulate. I will give you my summarized interpretation of Shirky’s essay and evaluate both sides to this argument. The argument being made here is that since anybody with computer access can type and upload digital media, is the information quality becoming more and more questionable as time passes? In the 16th century, foes of print never imagined that new norms would be built around all this newly abundant contemporary literature. Shirky says, “Novels, newspapers, scientific journals, the separation of fiction and non-fiction, all these innovations were created during the collapse of the scribal system, and all had the effect of increasing, rather than decreasing, the intellectual range and output of society.” We are living through a very similar experience due to the power of the internet. As humans, we have a vast cognitive surplus. In the 20th century, we used a lot of our free time watching TV. Now we have started to devote a large portion of our time to the internet. It took...
Words: 332 - Pages: 2
