...includes the use of or seemingly the use of a deadly weapon and highway robbery, which can take place outside in an opened area such as a road, recreational area or parking lot. Armed robbery is defined as “… someone taking another person’s property at gun point or with the use of intent of a weapon” (Haney, 2001). The current information provided is being shared in order to give a better understanding about the harshness of the criminal act of armed robbery and why there is a recommendation to change the current prison term policy. The complied information will give explanation for the preface of a bill that would double the highest prison term for armed robbery. With regards to the decision to support the bill, it is important to examine the current gaps as it relates to prison sentencing inside the judicial system. Prison sentencing within our justice system is broken down in gaps, as the verdict is a result of the crime presented. The variations of prison sentencing are portrayed if, for example, the offender is sentenced to five years for armed robbery, and another receives ten years for the same offense....
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...Prison Term Policy Recommendation Proposal Melody Kibbe Criminology 314 April 7, 2013 Corry Powers Prison Term Policy Recommendation Proposal Considering policy making as it relates to the criminal offenses, will allow the state legislatures security in knowing that citizens will be safe by putting this new bill into place. This bill will also give law enforcement officials power to arrest convicted armed robbery individuals and placing them behind bars. By explaining with a brief description of recommendations that would be made, reasoning’s behind my recommendations, informing individuals whether the bill is good or bad, and also confirm the bill is effective. Recommendations that I would make to the state legislatures about putting this bill into place would be to emphasize the importance of the citizen’s safety in the community. Give data, statistics and information to the state legislatures on the most recent figures of armed robbery cases that have happened in the past, present and future within the community. By giving the state legislatures office current information on the armed robbery activities that are taking place as we speak in our community and how it is harming our community’s economical stature. The reasoning behind my recommendations for the bill would be to secure our community’s safety, the future of our children’s lives, and keeping the crime rates of all nature to a low standard rate. By passing this bill in the state legislatures office, allows...
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...Prison Term Policy Recommendation Proposal Feb. 2, 2015 CJA/314 Armed robbery is a severe and possibly grave criminal action that occurs way too much in the American society. In 2013 the FBI recorded 171,267 different occurrences of armed robbery within the United States across all the different reporting agencies. Although this number may seem high it is actually down from the previous year of 2012 which had a recorded 177,682 occurrences. Stemming from these numbers lawmakers are considering the possibility of increasing the time offenders are sentenced to when convicted of armed robbery. Some of the possible goals lawmakers expect to achieve from the passing of this bill include deterrence with the possibility of spending more time in jail and by keeping those already serving their time behind bars for an additional amount of time. By keeping those already convicted and serving time longer can ensure the aspect of them not considering doing the same crime once they are released. Acting as a deterrent the bill would act as a common sense prevention of even considering the thought of the criminal act. The simplest act that the bill can help ensure is by making every individual think of the consequences of their actions before they do something. The lawmakers know that there are going to be those that do not think before they do something and they plan to make these individuals the example of what can be expected when a person is convicted of this crime. As a criminologist...
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...Leo Cuen Mr. Downey Prison Term Policy Recommendation 2/18/2014 CJA-314 There are approximately ten thousand armed robberies that are registered each day in the files of agencies around the United States. This is a major concern to law enforcement and the citizens of the United States. The government is taking drastic measures to reduce the opportunity, capability, and intent of having armed robbers victimizes citizens for their own wrongful way of happiness. The government is implementing a bill, that when caught doing an armed robbery it will double the time of incarceration. As the right hand man of the state legislature I am a criminologist advisor, I oversee the concern, pain, and panic of the citizens when it comes to armed robberies. Therefore, the legislature is creating a bill for congress to pass. When it passes, it will double the years of prison time for a convicted armed robbery felon. The minimum sentence for a convicted armed robber is two to nine years depending the severity of the crime, and the maximum sentencing for an armed robbery is twenty-five years to life in prison also depending on the severity of the crime. The government is proposing for whoever commits an armed robbery of any type of severity of crime; the minimum sentencing is going to be twenty years behind state bars, and the maximum sentencing for an armed robbery will be life in prison with or without the possibility of parole depending on the severity of the crime. This is...
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...Prison Term Policy Recommendation Proposal Throughout criminal justice, laws have been modified for the purpose of ensuring the protection of the citizens of the United States of America. A person who commits a crime will receive punishment and will be prosecuted under the court of law. Prison policies have been written to assist the court in sentences according to a specific crime. The policies are usually to keep criminals in prison, and to deter further criminal activities. Those convicted of a crime may face a longer sentence than a person who is currently serving time for the same crime because of the changes to prison policies. Therefore, the prison policy of convicted armed robbery is under review and must be voted on, which voting for bill to pass can sometimes have mix reviews. Robbery occurs when property from a person, place, or bank is taken by force. Armed robbery is using a type of weapon to take possession of something, which results as more of a serious crime than robbery. According to "Armed Robbery Charges" (2010), “Armed robbery is the taking of said property, but with the use of a firearm or other taking of said property, but with the use of a firearm or other weapon. Just by including a weapon in a particular robbery crime, a robbery can be viewed with a lot more seriousness” (Para. 2). Even if the person who committed the robbery mentions a weapon or uses a fake weapon can still be charged as committing armed robbery, and the crime is considered...
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...Prison Term Policy Recommendations Proposal CJA/314 July 20, 2015 Prison Term Policy Recommendations Proposal Robbery is a serious crime in the big cities in the United States. Nearly 500,000 thousand robberies are reported to law enforcers’ at the rate of one per minute. It is a crime of theft or larceny by taking or attempting to take anything of value from the care, custody, or control of a person of persons by force or threat of focus or by putting the victim in fear. Robberies can occur almost anywhere at any time and it can be carried out by a friend, relative, or total stranger. “When a deadly weapon, such as a gun, knife, or any cutting instrument, is used or the victim suffer injury, the robbery may be charged as “armed” or “aggravated”. Unlike burglary, the crime of robbery almost always requires the presence of a victim who suffers actual injury, or is threatened with harm” (Robbery Overview, 2015). Using a dangerous weapon constitutes an aggravated factor, which makes the crime more serious than just simple robbery. However, “armed robbery is one of the most serious offenses that anyone can be charged with, and carries some of the stiffest penalties under law. By definition, if you steal someone’s property by intimidating them with the presence of a weapon, even if you only pretend to have one, you have committed armed robbery. It is the thought that you have a weapon or the actual presence of the weapon that distinguishes this crime from simple theft”...
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...Prison Term Policy Recommendation Proposal Priscilla Williams CJA/314 September 3, 2013 Robert Williams Prison Term Policy Recommendation Proposal I have been hired as a criminologist advisor to one of the state legislature. The state legislature will soon vote on a bill that, if it passes will double the maximum prison term for anyone convicted of armed robbery. This bill is very important and needs to be examined to see if it would be a solution to decrease arm robberies. The reason I am writing this proposal is to point out different solutions that might be very beneficial. I am examining the new bill to see if the changes are necessary and beneficial. Army Robbery is a very serious crime and seems to be on the rise since the country has been in recession. Robbery is a crime of theft and can be classified as Larceny by force or by threat of force. The elements of the crime of robbery include the use of force or intimidation and all the elements of the crime of larceny. The penalty for robbery is always more severe than for larceny (Dictionary). Victims of armed robberies want nothing more than to see justice served and to feel safe. When an individual is robbed, it hurts financially, mentally, and sometimes physically. The US government also pays a very high price due to robbery. Although crime seems to be declining, the US government incurs heavy cost attributed to armed robbery crime. According to the 2013 FBI Uniform Crime Report, an estimate of $456 million in...
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...Life in Prison Cody Cotten CJA/383 December 21, 2010 Chet Madison Jr. Life in Prison When an individual is introduced to the prison life, after violating rules and laws, he or she must come to terms about the journey he or she are about to take behind bars in prison. No one can save them, or do their time for them, and a majority of their freedom has been stripped from them either temporarily or permanently. Prison life deals with all walks of life and is not discriminative toward any race. In this paper I will discuss my perspective on prison life, policies I would enforce an inmate’s need for respect, changes on correctional policy, and why people commit crimes. I have learned many things about prison life. I have in fact changed my perception of what I thought prison life was like. Prison is in fact a fight for survival where the stronger inmates will abuse the weaker inmates. Not only survival from inmates, but from a few corrupted correctional officials as well. When entering prison, one must be perceived as a tough individual to avoid being abused or bullied by other inmates. In addition to other inmates, there are some correctional officers that bully and abuse certain inmates for many reasons. This also gives reason for inmates to hold a sturdy ground while incarcerated. S.D. (2003), currently, prison administrator’s house inmates together based on their desire for violence, misconduct, and escape. The idea behind this is that grouping dangerous...
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...Racial Disparities in America’s Judicial System The mandatory imprisonment policies written for the judicial system are creating disparity of minority inmate population primarily due to non-violent drug crimes and the unjust mandatory minimum sentencing laws. America’s prisons are the most populated in the world, and they are disproportionately populated by minorities due to the set of mandatory imprisonment policies set in place. Over the past five decades, the disparity between races has widened dramatically according to the National Center on Institutions. In the 1950’s, blacks and Hispanics were the minorities in the prison system, whereas today whites are. Is this due to poverty? I’m sure poverty plays a big role in most cases. Robert Woodson Jr., president of the National Center for Neighborhood Enterprise said the reason young men engage in criminal activity is not just for money, it is to make a name for themselves, to have some expression of worth, even if the expression is self-destructive. Crack cocaine hit the streets in the early 1980’s, infesting the lower income areas. It’s a cheap drug compared to cocaine and easier to come by than some of the higher priced drugs. Is this considered racial disparity? The Sentencing Project in 2007 states that two-thirds of the regular crack users are white and Latino, 82 percent of defendants sentenced in federal court for crack offences are African-American. Criminologist William Chambliss suggest that blacks are more...
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...are they deprived on any other human rights directly or indirectly? This essay explores the issues and basic human rights of an adult who is incarcerated and an analysis of structural, political and social factors which play their part in maintaining discrimination against this group and how they are discriminated against. Issues which affect adults in prison and how these affect the individual, community, society and government policy with examples of issues that have changed and how advocacy has been used to create change. The introduction of policies that have arisen as a result of identified issues and how they relate to Human rights will be another focus in this essay. There is a “Standard Minimum Rules for the Treatment of Prisoners” guidelines which are an adaption to the Universal Human Rights charter specifically for those who are incarcerated. An example of this is rule 57 “Imprisonment and other measures, which result in cutting off an offender from the outside world, are afflictive by the very fact of taking from the person the right of self-determination by depriving him/her of his/her liberty. Therefore the prison system shall not, except as incidental to justifiable segregation or the maintenance of discipline, aggravate the suffering inherent in such a situation.” (aic.gov)...
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...Mitigating Prison Violence Cynthia Evans CJ522: Comparative Correctional Systems June 17, 2014 Mitigating Prison Violence Violence in prison systems remains to be a persistent problem among enforcers and inmates alike. Not only does it compromise inmate safety and institutional security, it distorts the purpose of prison systems as penitentiary systems meant to discourage criminal behavior. Adding to this complication, the problem is present in nearly all prison systems worldwide, with some systems more prone to it than others. In America, homicide inside jails and state prisons has remained relatively low in recent years at 3 per 100,000 on average (Mumola, 2005). The same cannot be said for Brazilian prisons, however; in 2013 alone, around 60 inmates were killed in Brazilian prisons, and three others died through decapitation and heavy mutilation at the beginning of the year (Cawley, 2014). Violence in prison systems is by no means limited to physical violence or individual assaults. In the first place, “violence in prison” is a broad category, which involves a range of situations and actions from certain parties, with violence as their common factor. It may involve riots, mutinies, and individual assaults. It may also, in fact, be taken to mean any form of violence—usually physical and/or sexual—done by inmates to fellow inmates, or prison staff to inmates. For example, while physical violence is an all-time low in American prisons, sexual violence is on the rise there...
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...CUSTODIAL AND NON-CUSTODIAL MEASURES The Prison System Criminal justice assessment toolkit 1 UNITED NATIONS OFFICE ON DRUGS AND CRIME Vienna CUSTODIAL AND NON-CUSTODIAL MEASURES The Prison System Criminal Justice Assessment Toolkit UNITED NATIONS New York, 2006 The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the United Nations, the Secretariat and Institutions of the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe, and the Belgian 2006 OSCE Chairmanship concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. This publication has not been formally edited. TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION TO THE ISSUE ..................................................................................... 1 2. OVERVIEW: GENERAL AND STATISTICAL DATA ......................................................... 5 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 3.1 3.2 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.7 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 6.6 6.7 6.8 7.1 7.2 OVERVIEW OF COUNTRY AND PRISON SYSTEM.............................................. 5 PRISON POPULATION ........................................................................................... 6 PROFILE OF PRISON POPULATION..................................................................... 6 QUALITY OF DATA ......................................
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...to prison. Women commit crime and are incarcerated under different circumstances and reasons than men. Their criminal behavior can be attributed to drug abuse, sexual abuse, physical abuse and poverty. Women who are admitted into prison facilities are disadvantaged from the very beginning; prisons are calculated and planned for our male counterparts because in history men have made up the proportion of our high prison populace. It is hard to meet the needs of women prisoners when the facilities are not custom-made for them. Prisons for women should be geared with programming to help these women deal with obstacles they are facing in their daily lives. But because there are fewer women in prison, the health services that are given to them are typically nominal as compared to males. One of the biggest problems for women in prison is that they are disproportionately affected by human immunodeficiency virus commonly known as HIV. There is a tangible need to address the problem with HIV positive incarcerated women. (Reyes, 2001) Female prisoners make up about five percent of our overall prison population but as time has passed their numbers have increased at a rapid pace. In countries where substance abuse is high and drug laws have become harsher, we can see a correlation between women and imprisonment. About one in a half million will be incarcerated each year worldwide. Our prison system is already overburdened; we are admitting women to overcrowded and understaffed prisons where...
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...Within the prison system there are various key issues that surrounded the operations of the daily activities as well as the administration of the judicial system. Some of these key such as prison violence, prison rape and the drug policy issues are negative and does affect the prison. On the issue of prison violence, over the years, prison violence has been on the rise. This has causes major changes within the prions system, such as implementing strategies to control the prisoners and their criminal behaviors. Prison rape also has continues to rise. This issue has been will probably continue to exist. This is because the prison officials have yet to be able to control this kind of activity. Another issue that has been affects the prison system is the sentencing that are being handed out for drug charges. This has cause the prisons to be overcrowded. Prison Violence on the Rise Prison violence is on the rise, many prison conditions are a recipe for violence, by being overcrowded, understaffed, insufficient staff training, excessive solitary confinement, insecure facilities, mistreatment of mentally ill inmates, policies that weaken family ties, a culture of disrespect between staff and prisoners, and little accountability for wardens. These facilities are causing concern not only for inmates but, for those employed to supervise the convicted offenders. Inmate population continue to grow, staffing levels in most facilities either have stopped or decreased. Violence has increased...
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...Prison Health Care Agency HCS/430 Legal Issues in Health Care: Regulation and Compliance August 4, 2014 Prison Health Care Agency There are many facets in the health care industry. Examples include hospitals, urgent care centers, physicians’ offices, medical labs, and more. One not really spoken about, is the prison health care system. Prison health care is the medical treatment of inmates in the United States Correctional Facilities (Means & Cochran, 2012) this is according to the report. The National Commission on Correctional Health Care (NCCHC) is a federal agency that oversees the medical needs of prisoners. According to the Bureau of Justice Statistics, “In 2012, the number of admissions to state and federal prison in the United States was 609,800 offenders (Carson & Golinelli, 2013). With these prison inmate statistics, clearly there is a need for health care in the prison system. The NCCHC is a federal agency that was constructed to improve the quality of health care in the prison setting. The NCCHC was founded in the early 1970’s. The American Medical Association (AMA) executed a study on the conditions of jails. The AMA found “inadequate, disorganized health services, and a lack of national standards” (National Commission on Correctional Health Care, 2013). The National Commission on Correctional Health Care states their mission is to improve the quality of health care in jails, prisons, and juvenile confinement facilities. They support their mission...
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